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![Page 1: Data Replication with Advanced Replication & Oracle Streams John Abrahams Technology Sales Consultant Oracle Nederland.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e565503460f94b4d9a1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Data Replication with Advanced Replication &
Oracle Streams
John AbrahamsTechnology Sales ConsultantOracle Nederland
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What is Replication
Multiple copies of data at different sites Increased availability Manual data replication implementations
– Export/Import– CREATE TABLE AS SELECT FROM
REMOTETABLE– COPY
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Oracle9i Features for Information Sharing Features Introduced In Prior Releases
– Data Guard – Physical Standby Database– Advanced Queuing -- Message Queuing– Advanced Replication -- Replication of
Data– Change Data Capture -- DW Loading
Features available in Oracle9iR2– Oracle Streams -- a comprehensive
information sharing solution– Data Guard -- Logical Standby Database
based on Oracle Streams
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Oracle Advanced Replication
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Oracle9i Replication Technology
Oracle9i provides built-in technology to create and manage replicated environments
– Integrated, no add-ons, no special commands– Managed with Oracle Enterprise Manager
Advanced data replication technology– Bi-directional, all copies potentially updatable– Automatic conflict detection and resolution– Tables and supporting objects– Full copies or subsets– DDL (schema changes) as well as DML (transactions)– Continuous or on demand replication
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Architectural OverviewSingle master replication
Single, updatable master Multiple updatable or
read-only materialized views (snapshots)
– Full copies or subsets of master
All conflicts resolved at parent site of materialized view
Oracle9i standard edition
master
materialized view
materialized view
master materialized
view
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Support for multiple, n-way connected, updatable masters
Improves scalability and availability Oracle9i Enterprise Edition
mastermaster
master
M View
M View
M View
Master M View
M View
Architectural OverviewMultiple master replication
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Master vs. Materialized View Replication
Multimaster Materialized View
• Server-to-Server • Mass Deployment
• Large number of small remote sites
• HQ and regional offices
• Continuous, near real- time data propagation
• Periodic Bulk Transfer
• Updates per transaction
• Final Values of Changed Rows Only
• Full Copies • Subsets or Full Copies
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Advanced Replication Key Features Near real-time replication (multimaster)
– Parallel data propagation– Multiple, pre-defined conflict resolution methods
Mass deployment (materialized views)– subquery materialized views– deployment templates– multitier materialized views
Oracle Enterprise Manager for configuration and administration
Specialized options: procedural and synchronous replication
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Near Real-time Replication Benefits:
– availability, scalability, failover
Uses:– Telesales, support
Requirements:– Efficient data capture and storage– Efficient data propagation– Continuous data propagation– Automatic resolution of conflicting updates
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Architectural OverviewMultimaster
Groups of related schema objects kept in synch at multiple locations
Sites communicate by broadcasting changes to all other sites
mastermaster
master
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Replication Objects
Database object replication to multiple servers
The following database objects can be replicated– Tables, Indexes, Views, Synonyms,
Triggers– Packages, Procedures, Functions– Advanced Data Types
User-Defined Types, Indextypes Tables with column objects, object tables Nested Tables, Varrays
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Efficient Data Capture and Storage
Committed changes are added to queue for later propagation to remote sites
– Enqueued using advanced queueing mechanism
– Captured and applied using internal C code
– Minimum data needed to apply change is captured
Updates
Internal Trigger
Advanced Queue
Source tables
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Efficient Data Propagation
Queued changes are pushed to remote sites in parallel for improved performance– Single parallel stream– Maintains transactional consistency– Automatically detects transaction dependencies
If update…If delete…If insert...
If update…If delete…If insert...
internalprocedure
background process
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Parallel Data Propagation
Dependencies– Transaction “B” is dependent on
transaction“A” if “B” accesses data “A” has updated
– Dependency detection is dynamic and light-weight
Ordering– Dependent transactions are propagated
in dependency order– All other transactions are propagated in
parallel
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Continuous Propagation
Changes can be continuously propagated or at a fixed interval, fixed time, or on demand
Different intervals can be used for each location
Different intervals can be used for each group
Dynamic Views to monitor propagation activity and throughput
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Automatic Conflict Resolution
Automatic conflict detection with user-selectable conflict resolution routines
– latest timestamp, earliest timestamp, maximum or minimum value, overwrite, priority group, discard, site priority, average, or additive
User-definable resolution routines Detection and resolution based on
column groups
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Mass Deployment Replication Benefits:
– disconnected, updatable Uses:
– field sales, field service Requirements:
– Easily define unique subsets– Easily deploy to 100’s of sites– Support mobile users
refresh on demand
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– Full transactional consistency
– Efficient, batch-oriented refresh Scheduled or on demand Refresh groups preserve
master-detail relationships
– Updatable materialized views use deferred transactions to push changes to master
Architectural OverviewMaterialized Views
SELECT…FROM...
network
Master table
log
Materialized View
Updatable or read-only copy of a table, or portion of a table, at a point in time
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Managing Advanced Replication
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Specialized Options
Synchronous Replication– always up to date, no conflicts– slower response, network dependent
Procedural Replication– faster for batch processing– must be serialized, best done in off hours– useful for purging
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Replication Summary
Full and subset Near realtime or on demand Graphical administration tool Sophisticated Functionality
– Efficient data capture and storage– Parallel data propagation– Automatic conflict detection and resolution– Subquery subsetting– Deployment templates– Multitier materialized views– Specialized options
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Oracle Streams
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Oracle Streams – Unified Messaging and Data Movement
Oracle Advanced Queuing (AQ)
Oracle Advanced Replication
Update Standby
Feed DataWarehouse
Messaging
Replication
Standby
Data Warehousing
Oracle Streams
Intelligent, Unified, Time-OrderedInformation Stream
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Oracle Streams
A new solution for information sharing Provides a unified architecture for all
information sharing solutions– uniquely flexible replication– message queuing– data warehouse loading– event management and notification
The foundation of Data Guard Logical Standby Database
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Streams Basic Elements
Three basic elements in each database– Capture– Staging– Consumption (apply)
ConsumptionConsumptionStagingStagingCaptureCapture
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Multi-Database Streams
A stream can contain multiple elements from multiple databases
Events flow between staging areas
ConsumptionConsumptionStagingStagingCaptureCapture
ConsumptionConsumptionStagingStagingCaptureCapture
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Capture
Streams captures events– Implicitly: log-based capture of DML and
DDL– Explicitly: Direct enqueue of user
messages
Captured events are published in the staging area
CaptureCapture
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Log-Based Change Capture
Low overhead, low latency change capture– Changes to the database are written to the
online redo log– Oracle Streams can extract changes from the
log as it is written (mining the active log)– Changes are formatted as a Logical Change
Record (LCR), a SQL like representation of the change
CaptureCapture
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Direct Enqueue
User applications can explicitly enqueue user messages into the staging area
– Multiple open interfaces supported: JMS, C, PLSQL, SOAP (XML/HTTP), XML/SMTP
– Allows applications to communicate at a higher level
– Allows users to introduce events into the stream from non-Oracle systems
CaptureCapture
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Staging
Streams publishes captured events into a staging area– Implemented as a queue– Supports for new self-describing type “any”
datatype allows a single staging area to hold any type of data
– All events, LCRs and user-messages, can be staged in the same queue
– Messages remain in staging area until consumed by all subscribers
StagingStaging
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Staging Area Propagation
Other staging areas can subscribe to events
– in same database
– in a remote database
Events can be routed through a series of staging areas
Propagation
StagingStaging
StagingStaging
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Transformations
Transformations can be performed– as events enter the staging area– as events leave the staging area– as events propagate between staging areas
Transformation examples– change format, data type, column name,
table name
StagingStaging
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Consumption
Staged events are consumed by subscribers
– Implicitly: Apply Process Default Apply User-Defined Apply
– Explictly: Application dequeue via open interfaces JMS, C, PLSQL, SOAP (XML/HTTP), XML/SMTP
ConsumptionConsumption
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Default Apply
The default apply engine will directly apply the DML or DDL represented in the LCR
– apply to local Oracle table– apply via DB Link to non-Oracle table
Automatic conflict detection with optional resolution
– unresolved conflicts placed in exception queue
Parallel apply maximizes concurrency
ConsumptionConsumption
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User-defined Apply
User-written custom apply functions Written in PL/SQL, Java, C, C++ Uses:
– custom transformations– column subsetting– normalizing or denormalizing data– populating related fields or tables
ConsumptionConsumption
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Rule-based Subscription
Consumers subscribe to published events Content-based subscriptions limit delivered
events to those meeting the subscription criteria
Rules govern capture, staging, and consumption
Staging Area
RulesEngine
PublishSubscribe
UPDATE EMP... UPDATE EMP...
WHERE OBJECT = ‘EMP’
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NYNY(master)(master)
LondonLondon(subset)(subset)
MilanMilan(subset)(subset)
ParisParis(subset)(subset)
Directed Networks
Propagation independent of Apply
Rules-based subscription determine if event is locally applied
– London applies UK only
WAN Friendly– Send once, fan out– NY-->London,
London-->Milan,London-->Paris
INSERT …VALUES (‘EUROPE’,’ ITALY’)
ITALY
EUROPE
FRANCE
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Heterogeneous Support
Oracle to non-Oracle apply via gateway
– Apply process on Oracle node applies change
Non-Oracle to Oracle change capture supported via explicit enqueue of LCRs
Message Gateways– MQ Series– Tibco
LCR orLCR oruser messageuser message
GatewayGateway MessageMessageGatewayGateway
MQ SeriesMQ SeriesSybaseSybase
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Streams Deployments
Streams can be deployed to meet a variety of information sharing requirements
– Replication– Data Warehouse Loading– Event Notification– Message Queuing– Data Guard Logical Standby Database
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Replication Streams asynchronously maintains multiple
copies of objects via automatic apply– Identical objects– Related via a transformation or function
Streams automatically captures, propagates, and applies DML and DDL changes
– Detects and optionally resolves conflicts Supports flexible data movement and subsetting Gateways and APIs for heterogeneous support Compatible with Materialized Views
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Replication
Benefits: – No quiesce for
DDL– Lower
overhead on production system
– Reduced network traffic
– Flexible configurations
Log-Log-basedbased CaptureCapture
StageStage DefaultDefaultApplyApply
Log-Log-basedbased CaptureCapture
StageStage DefaultDefaultApplyApply
PropagationPropagation
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Data Warehouse Loading
Streams can load data warehouse staging areas and Operational Data Stores
– Updates captured from a production system– Messages and business events from a
process flow
Supports continuous or batch loading Automatically transforms data to
appropriate format and schema during Operational Data Store load
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Data Warehouse Loading
Benefits: – low
overhead– automatic
transformation
– near real-time loading of operation data stores
StageStageUser-definedUser-definedApplyApply
PropagationPropagation
StageStageLog-Log-basedbased CaptureCapture
Production Database
Staging Table or ODS
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Event Notification
Streams can notify subscribers that events of interest have occurred
– Pager notification of flight delays (Orbitz)– Notification of price drops (CNET Shopper)– Notification to sales manager of Gold
Customer purchase (CRM App)
Streams can evaluate DML events and send notifications to applications that send emails, page users, etc
– Users get information they want
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Event Notification
Benefits: – scalable – reduced custom
development
Log-Log-basedbased CaptureCapture
StageStage ExplicitExplicitDequeueDequeue
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Message Queuing Streams can be deployed as an enhanced
database integrated message queuing solution
– Point-to-point messaging, publish and subscribe– Single data, security and transactional model for
database and message queuing operations– Centrally managed and multi-consumer queues to
simplify configuration– Content-based subscriptions, internet access– Automatic dequeue to server-run user function– Automatic transform DML/DDL into messages
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Message Queuing
Benefits: – Reduced
development costs– Easy database
integration– Single development,
operational, security model
– Reliability and integrity of database StageStage ExplicitExplicit
DequeueDequeue
PropagationPropagation
StageStageExplicitExplicitEnqueuEnqueu
ee
Source Database
Destination Database
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Data Guard Logical Standby Database Multiple copies of data protects from
human and data errors, and disasters Special case of replication
– Entire database (by default)– One direction only
Streams supports reporting from standby as updates are applied
Data Guard adds higher level interface, tailored GUIs and broker
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Data Guard Logical Standby Database
Benefits: – Open while
protecting data – Support near real-
time reporting from standby
– Protects from physical corruptions
– Additional indexes and materialized views
DefaultDefaultApplyApply
Remote LoggingRemote Logging
Log-Log-basedbased CaptureCapture
Production Database
Logical Standby Database
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Other Oracle9i Information Sharing Features Advanced Replication
– provides compatible replication with Oracle 8, 8i, and 9i databases
– Migration path to Oracle Streams in future release Advanced Queuing
– Compatible with Oracle Streams– Most functionality offered in Streams– API’s retained for compatibility– Migration path to Oracle Streams in future release
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Other Oracle9i Information Sharing Features Data Guard Physical Standby Database
– Uses media recovery mechanism to apply changes to database
– Creates an exact copy of the production database block-for-block copy Same version of Oracle, same
hardware/software architecture– Supports very high transaction workloads– Will coexist with Data Guard Logical
Standby Database
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Summary
Oracle Streams unifies all enterprise information into a single Stream
– Unifies database, messaging, replication, publish/subscribe APIs and capabilities
Allows deployment of a variety of solutions
Provides a single, unified solution to the problem of Information Sharing
ConsumptionConsumptionStagingStagingCaptureCapture
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