Data & Knowledge Engineering Group · 2013-03-19 · Data & Knowledge Engineering Group ......

Data & Knowledge Engineering Group

“Successful Search on the Internet:

Strategies and Tools„ Workshop am 9. Magdeburger Lehrertag

Tatiana Gossen, Andreas Nürnberger, Marcus Nitsche www.dke.ovgu.de

15.03.2013 T. Gossen, A. Nürnberger, M. Nitsche 2

Agenda Motivation Search Strategies Available Tools Research at DKE group Exploratory Search Search engines for children

AMSL group IT Security for children


Motivation

WWW plays a big role in our lives

A lot of useful information, that can lead to knowledge, is hidden

“Scientia potentia est”

Skills to succeed in search are beneficial How to learn efficient searching?

Source: Wikipedia

15.03.2013 T. Gossen, A. Nürnberger, M. Nitsche 4 4

Search Strategies

Search Strategies


Tactics vs. Strategies Tactic: near-time goals and maneuver operations, actions

Strategy: long-term planning (total planning) combine a set of operations to achieve a special goal


Taxonomy of Search Search Goal [Broder ‘02] Informational

find information about a topic assumed to be available on the web in order to read about it

Navigational immediate intent to reach a particular website that the user has

in mind Transactional

further carry out some transactions, e.g. purchasing a product User skills Novice user Experienced user

Search Task Well defined vs. Ill-defined Simple vs. complex

Source: http://www.preachtheword.com


Search Task: well-defined Search Task: well-defined

First step: Transform information need into the query Problem: finding the right set of keyword

“The mere formulation of a problem is far more essential than its solution”

Source: Wikipedia


Search Strategies: Example Exercise

Q: Find information on whether drinking red wine is

more effective at reducing your risk of heart attacks than white wine.

Query?


Search Strategies: well-defined First step: Transform information need into the query Problem: finding the right set of keywords

Solutions:

a) Think about documents you would like to get 1) Use words, they should contain, in the query 2) Use synonyms and different writings

If your query is too specific you may miss relevant documents

If your query is too vague you may get too generic results



Solutions:

b) Read some relevant documents you get and learn about useful key words

c) Ask you colleges & friends → collaborative search



Solutions:

d) Usage of “stopwords” Prepositions, article, conjunctions Usually not useful Exceptions: e.g. The Who

e) Usage of search operators +, -, “”


Search Strategies: well-defined First step: Transform information need into the query Problem: complex search task

Q: Is it colder in the Arctic Circle on the Earth or on the

planet Jupiter?

One query won't provide you with relevant documents Why?

Solution: Divide your task into several Merge the results of the subsearches

The answer is spread among several documents!


Search Task: ill-defined Search Task Well defined vs. Ill-defined

Paradox of Finding Out About “The need to describe that which you do not know in

order to find it” (Roland Hjerppe)


Search Strategies: ill-defined First step: Transform information need into the query Problem: search task is ill-defined

You cannot find a thing if you do not know what are you

looking for.. Solution: Employ an exploratory search “Exploratory search is a highly dynamic process of a user to

interact with an information space in order to satisfy an information need that requires learning about structure and/or content of the information space.” [Bison book’12]

To put it simple, during the process you may discover information you are interested in


Search Strategies: ill-defined First step: Transform information need into the query Problem1: what exactly am I looking for Problem2: where to start looking Problem3: what are my options ..

Q: Planning a holiday trip with my family.

Solution: First, you have to explore your options Exploratory Search

Then you can start parallel searches In real live, depth-first search


Search Strategies: be on guard! Can you trust the source? Everyone can create a website .. and write “yesterday, aliens have landed on the earth”

Be aware of the context

In this example,

the webpages were created in 2011!


Web Search Engines: all for free? Organic Results vs. Advertisements


Search Strategies: be smart! Problem: you cannot find information using Google Solution: use other search tools

Different search tools have different features Coverage Ranking algorithm User interface ...

Deep Web

Source: http://www.biblogtecarios.es/juanjoseprieto/deep-web


Available Tools

Available Tools


Available Tools Search engines Google Bing Yahoo! Yandex … so many more


Search Engines: History (1) Simple user interface does not changes much

Infoseek in 1997 Google in 2007


Search Engines: History (2)

(2001)

(2008)

(2004)


Search Engines: Future?


Search Engines: Future! Mobile Search Interfaces E.g. with Spoken Queries

Natural User Interfaces Touch, gesture (e.g. Xbox Kinect), augmented (e.g.

Google Glasses), brain computer interfaces,…

Yahoo mobile search interfaces Apple iOS Siri


Search Engines for Young Users Search engines blinde-kuh.de fragfinn.de helles-koepfchen.de loopilino.com dipty.com onekey.com kids.yahoo.com askkids.com dibdabdoo.com factmonster.com kids.aol.com kidsclick.org … so many more


SE for Young Users (1) Major feature Help children to find child appropriate content on the

WWW

Very Google-like!

Presentation of the search results in the search engine dipty.com.


SE for Young Users (2) Unfortunately, current search engines for children not

always match the skills and abilities of children!

Askkids.com web search engine returns no results for a misspelled query “schience”.

Blinde-kuh.de web search engine returns no results for

an empty query.


Research at FIN-OVGU

Research at FIN-OVGU


Research at FIN-OVGU DKE Group Search engines for children Exploratory search Multimedia retrieval Multilingual search Data analysis …

AMSL Group IT Security for children …

The Data & Knowledge Engineering Group

Head: Andreas Nürnberger Currently 7 local + 8 external Ph.D. students various students on internships or working as

research assistants http://www.dke.ovgu.de/

15.03.2013 DKE Group - Short Intro 30

http://www.dke.ovgu.de/

Research interests


Data Knowledge

Engineering

Lab Data, Logfiles, Texts

Media objects,…

If income > 1000 and nof_contracts > 10 then offer credit If income < 1000 then do not offer credit

• Development of formal (data) structures to store data and knowledge (e.g. based on XML)

• Development of software tools to search, navigate, visualize, structure and maintain

Development of Data Mining Methods, especially to analyze and structure

Data Mining Methods „Knowledge Discovery

in Data Bases“

Hyperonym

Hyponym

A

Hyperonym

Hyponym

A

Hyperonym

Hyponym

A

Hyponym

Hyponym

Hyponym

Hyperonym

Hyperonym

Hyperonym

Synset

SynsetID | Synonyms | Glossary

Hyponym

Hyponym

User and Context Specific Organization

The Data & Knowledge Engineering Group founded in March’03 as Information Retrieval Group adaptive text & multimedia retrieval focus on structuring and interaction mainly text & images

personalization multi-lingual / cross-lingual retrieval

since October’07 DKE Group information visualization music information retrieval data mining bioinformatics exploration of information networks search engines for children



Web search engines

for young users

Search Engines for Children


Research Specifics of Information Retrieval for Young Users:

A Survey [Information Processing & Management‘13]


Information Seeking Information Seeking Behaviour Logfile analysis on web search engines for children

[Sigir’11]


Search Interface Usability evaluation [Personal and Ubiquitous Computing‘12]

Challenges in design & possible solutions [euroHCIR‘12] Emotional Support Language Support Cognitive Support Memory Support Interaction Support Relevance Support

Knowledge Journey [HCIR‘12] children of primary school age textual information retrieval ad-hoc search & exploration personal information management


Search User Interface for Children Knowledge Journey


SUI: User Study Comparative user study

Fixed back end using the same web document collection for both SUIs + Controlled results (child safe and appropriate)

Well-defined (answer-oriented) search tasks Within-participants Latin Square blocking design

Figure 8: Classic keyword-oriented search user interface.


SUI: User Study

What search user interface do young children prefer and why?

What is children’s attitude towards new interface elements like the guidance figure, audio support, pie menu and treasure chest?

How can both user interfaces be improved?


Knowledge Journey Version 2.0: Adapt & Evolve


Development Process In order to develop better systems Iterative design Prototyping & Evaluation Evaluation of the whole system and individual

components

Design

Evaluate Implement


User Studies

In order to develop better search engines for children, we are constantly seeking for ways to involve young users in our user studies..


Exploratory search: Task Example

What do Tom Cruise and Niels Bohr have in common?


Information Exploration (1) CET [Bison book’12]


Information Exploration (2) Trailblazer


Trailblazer


Information Exploration (3)

AMSL: Auszug Forschungsschwerpunkte IT-Sicherheit und Kinder Digitale Wasserzeichen IT-Forensik (z.B. Digitale Fingerspuren) Biometrie (z.B. Handschrift, Gesicht, Sprache) Sicherheitsevaluierungen (z.B. Auto, Roboter) etc.

Motivation: IT-Security und Kinder KIM-Studie: Regelmäßige Nutzung des Computers, des Internets bzw. Handys von Grundschülern in Deutschland

Quelle: KIM-Studie 2010 - Basisuntersuchung zum Medienumgang 6- bis 13-Jähriger in Deutschland, Medienpädagogischer Forschungsverbund Südwest, 2010 (Ansprechpartner: Jana Fruth, Jana Dittmann)

Computernutzung:

6-7 Jahre: ca. 60%

8-9 Jahre: ca. 75 %

10-11 Jahre: ca. 90%

Internetnutzung:

6-7 Jahre: ca. 50%

8-9 Jahre: ca. 60%

10-11 Jahre: ca. 80%

Handynutzung:

6-7 Jahre: ca. 14%

8-9 Jahre: ca. 30%

10-11 Jahre: ca. 75% Foto: J. Fruth (privat)

Stand der Forschung: Vermittlung von IT-Security

Fokus: Sensibilisierung für Bedrohungen beim Umgang der Kinder mit IT (Computer, Smartphones) und dem Internet

Wer klärt auf? • Schule: Informatikunterricht • Erziehungsberechtigte: Regeln • Sonstige: best. Institutionen, Initiativen (z.B. Klicksafe)

Wie wird aufgeklärt? • Informationsbroschüren (z.B. Internet Guide für Kids d. dt.

Kinderhilfswerks) • Webseiten (z.B. www.klicksafe.de)

• Filme (z.B. Projekt „Sheeplive“, de.sheeplive.eu) • Online-Spiele (z.B. „Die Internauten“, www.internauten.de)

Fazit: Vielfältige Sensibilisierungsansätze vorhanden ABER: Scheinen Kinder nicht zu erreichen! -> Neue Ansätze!

(Ansprechpartner: Jana Fruth, Jana Dittmann)

AMSL-Forschungsarbeiten – I/II 1) Sicherheitswarnmeldungen für Smartphones für

Grundschulkinder (7-10 Jahre)

Quelle: W. Menzel, S. Tuchscheerer, J. Fruth, C. Krätzer, J. Dittmann, Design and evaluation of security multimedia warnings for children's smartphones, SPIE: Conference Multimedia on Mobile Devices, Burlingame,’12 (Ansprechpartner: Jana Fruth, Jana Dittmann)

• 1. Ansicht

• 2. Ansicht

AMSL-Forschungsarbeiten – II/II 2) Analyse der Sicherheit von Kinderwebseiten

Quelle: S. Kuhlmann, T. Hoppe, J. Fruth, J. Dittmann: Voruntersuchungen und erste Ergebnisse zur Webseiten- gestaltung für die situationsbewusste Unterstützung von Kindern in IT-Sicherheitsfragen, GI, BS, Informatik 2012 (Ansprechpartner: Jana Fruth, Jana Dittmann)

Ergebnisse Fragebogenbefragung (18 Kinder, 6. Klasse, 12-13 Jahre): • Internetnutzung seit der Grundschule • Sicherheitsgefühl im Internet (80% sicher) • Regeln der Eltern: technische, Beschränkung der Zeit, best. Webseiten • höheres Sicherheitsgefühl oft genutzter Aktivitäten (Chat, Video, Spiele) • belästigt/beobachtet (20%, davon 0% Hilfe geholt) • Maßnahmen d. Sicherheitsgefühl erhöhen (Sicherheitssymbole, Software) • Anonymität im Netz (50% Nein, >25% Ja, <25% Ja, mit Vorkehrungen) • Gefahreneinschätzung der Webseiten positiver als Experten (außer Google)

Kontakt Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Fakultät für Informatik Institut für Technische und Betriebliche Informationssysteme (ITI) Advanced Multimedia and Security (AMSL) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jana Dittmann E-Mail: [email protected] Tel.: +49 391 67-58965

Jana Fruth

E-Mail: [email protected] Tel.: +49 391 67-19357

ViERforES: Förderkennzeichen: 01IM08003 ViERforES-II: Förderkennzeichen: 01IM10002A


Q & A

Thank you for your attention!

Additional Slides…



Available Tools

General Features


Starting Points of Information Search

Mostly you‘ll find first of all an input form … Alternatives: list of sources overviews cluster category hierarchies / special numbers co-citation Links

examples, wizards and guided tours

58


Query Specification via Entry Form Interfaces (1)

Standard query specification forms

Drop-down list showing queries that the user has issued in the past that matches the prefix typed so far

15/03/2013 59 Information Retrieval - T. Gossen


Query Specification via Entry Form Interfaces (2)

Combination a drop-down menu for category of content to search

within + the entry form

60


Alternative Query Specification: Overviews

Category overviews Open Directory Project Fireball Yahoo! HiBrowse MeSHBrowse

http://dmoz.org/


Task: Find out how many people have bought the new Harry Potter book so far Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince sales Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince amount sales Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince quantity sales Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince actual quantity sales Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince sales actual quantity Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince all sales actual quantity all sales Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince worldwide sales Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

The Need for Query Reformulation

User tried out

Engine provides


Illustration of term suggestions from Dogpile.com, 2008 InfoSpace

Query Reformulation


Query Suggestion Quintura.com search engine


Query Suggestion Quintura.com search engine term suggestions in a 2D map layout, or “cloud,” related terms are shown near one another but arranged somewhat arbitrarily mousing over a term causes the others to shift away,

and additional similar terms to appear nearby


General Features

Presentation of Search Results


Document Surrogates Common way: a vertical list of

information summarizing the retrieved documents

Document surrogate

Title Summary URL


KWIC, or Query-Oriented Summaries Query-Oriented Summaries keyword-in-context

(KWIC) extractions for use in display of retrieval results


Highlighting Query Terms Highlighting can occur both in retrieval results listings and in the retrieved documents


Additional Features of Results Listings (1)

Previews of Document Content



Indicators of Search Result Diversity

Clusty.com



Indicators of Search Result Diversity

Exalead.com



Indicators of Additional/Related Hits Sitelinks Shortcuts



Blended Results and Media Types Search results from

multiple information sources: Web, Twitter, Blogs, Pubmed, Credible etc.

Hakia.com


Visualization of Search Results (1) WebForager search system placed search results into

virtual “books” that could be “flipped through” using animation in a 2.5D rendering

Offline


Visualization of Search Results (2) Searchme.com shows a small set of retrieval results

for the query Obama as rendered Web pages that are “flipped through” using the CoverFlow animation

Offline


Alternative Visualization of Search Results (1)

kartoo.com

Offline


Alternative Visualization of Search Results (2)

eyePlorer.com

Data & Knowledge Engineering Group · 2013-03-19 · Data & Knowledge Engineering Group ......

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