Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class...
Transcript of Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class...
![Page 1: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1-1
Data CommunicationsComputer Eng. 3rd class course
Lecturer : Hamid MousaCourse Reference
Data Communications and NetworkingBehrouz A. Forouzan, 4th Edition
McGraw-Hill
University Of TechnologyControl & Systems Dept.
Computer Eng.
Lecture No. 1Lecturer: Hamid Mousa
![Page 2: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1-2
Data Communications
• Data– Information presented in whatever form is agreed
upon by the parties creating and using the data.
• Data communication– Exchange of data between two devices Via some
form of transmission medium.
![Page 3: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1-3
Five Components of Data Communication• Message: Information(data) to be communicated• Sender• Receiver • Transmission medium: Physical path by which a message travels• Protocol: A set of rules that govern data communication
![Page 4: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1-4
Direction of Data Flow
![Page 5: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Data Communications, Kwangwoon University 1-5
Data Flow
• Simplex– Unidirectional– As on a one-way street
• Half-duplex– Both transmit and receive possible, but not at the same time– Like a one-lane road with two-directional traffic– Walkie-talkie, CB radio
• Full-duplex– Transmit and receive simultaneously– Like a two-way street, telephone network– Channel capacity must be divided between two directions
![Page 6: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1-6
Type of Connection• Point-to-point
– Dedicated link between two devices– The entire capacity of the channel is reserved– Ex) Microwave link, TV remote control
• Multipoint – More than two devices share a single link– Capacity of the channel is either
• Spatially shared: Devices can use the link simultaneously• Timeshare: Users take turns
![Page 7: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
1-7
Type of Connection
![Page 8: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1-8
Transmission Modes
![Page 9: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1-9
Parallel Transmission
• Use n wires to send n bits at one time synchronously• Advantage: speed• Disadvantage: cost ⇒ Limited to short distances
![Page 10: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1-10
Serial Transmission• On communication channel• Advantage: reduced cost• Parallel/serial converter is required• Three ways: asynchronous, synchronous, or isochronous
![Page 11: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1-11
Asynchronous Transmission• Use start bit (0) and stop bits (1s)• A gap between two bytes: idle state or stop bits• It means asynchronous at byte level• Must still be synchronized at bit level• Good for low-speed communications (terminal)
![Page 12: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1-12
Synchronous Transmission
• Bit stream is combined into “frames”• Special sequence of 1/0 between frames: No gap• Timing is important in midstream• Byte synchronization in the data link layer• Advantage: speed ⇒ high-speed transmission
![Page 13: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
![Page 74: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
![Page 75: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
![Page 76: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
![Page 77: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
![Page 78: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
![Page 79: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
![Page 80: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
![Page 81: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
![Page 82: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
![Page 83: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
![Page 84: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
![Page 85: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
![Page 86: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
![Page 87: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
![Page 88: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
![Page 89: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
![Page 90: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
![Page 91: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
![Page 92: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
![Page 93: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
![Page 94: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
![Page 95: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
![Page 96: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
![Page 97: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
![Page 98: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
![Page 99: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
![Page 100: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
![Page 101: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
![Page 102: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
![Page 103: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
![Page 104: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
![Page 105: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
![Page 106: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
![Page 107: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
![Page 108: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
![Page 109: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
![Page 110: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
![Page 111: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
![Page 112: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
![Page 113: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
![Page 114: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
![Page 115: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
![Page 116: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
![Page 117: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
![Page 118: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
![Page 119: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
![Page 120: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
![Page 121: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
![Page 122: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
![Page 123: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
![Page 124: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
![Page 125: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
![Page 126: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
![Page 127: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
![Page 128: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
![Page 129: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
![Page 130: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
![Page 131: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
![Page 132: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
![Page 133: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
![Page 134: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
![Page 135: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
![Page 136: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
![Page 137: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
![Page 138: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
![Page 139: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
![Page 140: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
![Page 141: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
![Page 142: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
![Page 143: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
![Page 144: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
![Page 145: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
![Page 146: Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class courseuotechnology.edu.iq/dep-cse/english/Lectures/3/computer/data... · 1-1 Data Communications Computer Eng. 3rd class course Lecturer](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021505/5ac984767f8b9aa1298d215f/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
Q1:An available Bandwidth of 300 kHz which spans 200 to 500 kHz , what should be the Bit rate if fullduplex Binary ASK is used with d=1, and what are the carrier frequency for the receiver and the transmitter .
Q2: answer the following 1.Show how the following data will be transmitted using Binary
ASK and PSK:- 10101011 .2.Using differential Manchester and RZ encoding methods for
the following Data: 10011011 .
Q3: An available Bandwidth of 400 kHz which spans 200 to 600 kHz , what should be the Bit rate if PSK is used with d=1, and what are the carrier frequency .
Q4: Using QAM with 8 different phases and 4 different magnitudes :-a: Draw the constellation diagram.b: Determine the data elements to signal elements ratio r .c: If the transmission rate is 64 kbps determine the baud rate.
Q5 :An available Bandwidth of 500 kHz which spans 100 to 600 kHz , what should be the Bit rate if Binary ASK is used with d=1, and what are the carrier frequency for the receiver and the transmitter .
Q6: Using QAM with 4 different phases and 4 different magnitudes :-a: Draw the constellation diagram.b: Determine the data elements to signal elements ratio r .c: If the transmission rate is 50 kbps determine the baud rate.
Q7: A multistage switch with 3 stages:-1st stage contains three (6 to 2) crossbars.2nd stage contains three (2 to 2) crossbars.3rd stage contains three (2 to 6) crossbars.a: draw the multistage switch.b:How many alternative paths can be used for any input to connect to any
output.c:Identify the blocking condition for this switch.
Data Communications - Tutorial sheetThird year - computer Eng.
Hamid M. Hasan March - 2012
Q8: Six connections with 1kbps each are to be time division multiplexed if ( 2 bit ) Unit is used determine:-
1. The duration of slot time .2. The duration of frame time.3. The transmission rate for the link.