Data comminication network
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Transcript of Data comminication network
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DATA COMMUNICATION
NETWORK
By :-HARSHKUMAR MANILAL PATELLukhdhirji Engineering College1st ME Power SystemEnrollment No.:-130310737010
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Network Architectures• Application Layer• Presentation Layer• Session Layer• Transport Layer• Network Layer• Data Link Layer• Physical Layer
Typical Network Topologies• Bus Network• Branching Network • Star Network• Ring Network
Content:-
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Network Architectures • All electronic data communications equipment today use one
or more layer of the 7-layer OSI model.
• Each application may use one or all of the layers.
• The lowest level sa the simplest lavels,and they will use inalmost every application.
• The upper 4 lavels are more complex and are only use in moresophisticated systems.
• This that you may work with only the first three or four layersmost of time.
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7 APPLICATION
6 PRESENTATION
5 SESSION
4 TRANSPORT
3 NETWORK
2 DATA LINK
1 PHYSICAL
The 7-layer OSI model
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• This layer is the physical layer and it has the job of moving theelectrical signal from one point to another.
• This layer include the wire of cable through which data aresent.
• This layer also includes the electrical on-off pulse that movethrough the wire.
• This layer is only concerned with the physical medium oftransporting the signal from one point to another.
• This layer does not provide any error detection, error control,or sequencing of data.
• This layer include wire specifications and cable terminationspecifications.
1. The Physical Layer
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• The data layer combines with the physical layer to make morereliable system in that it add error detection and errorrecovery methods.
• The rules for this layer are usually called protocols.
• This layer will include a means to start and stop the data flow,away to package each part of the data.
• A means of sequencing when data are sent and when they arereceived, a means to acknowledge that data have beenreceived.
• A means of providing timing that includes when the data arebeing sent and how long to wait if data have not arrived.
2. The Data Link Layer
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• The primary function of the network layer is to provide adelivery mechanism for the transport layer.
• This use when the unit that is connected to the datacommunications system is part of a multiple-unit networkrather than one single unit connected to only one other singleunit.
• The network layer use a combination of hardware andsoftware.
• Provide protocols like the x.21.x.25, and x.75.
• This also use when one network must interface with othernetwork.
3. The Network Layer
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• The transport layer provides connections from one network toanother.
• Also provides a means of keeping the upper layers fromknowing what the lower layers are doing.
• This is the layer that begins to be different in various type ofnetwork.
• With this possible to use a variety of different networksbecause they are fundamentally similar in first three layer.
• In this layer and upper layers, the syatem tend to become verycomplex and may have a variety of differences.
4. The Transport Layer
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• The session layer establishes sessions between user,maintains the sessions between users, terminates thesessions between users.
• The major function of this layer also includes connections oftwo separate open systems.ISO 8326 and CCITT.X212 arestandards for the session layer.
• When one unit on one network requests data from a unit on asecond network, the session layer directs the transport layerto make proper connection.
• And regulate the flow of data smoothly interface theconnections and data flow between the two networks.
5. The Session Layer
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• This layer transforms data information so that one networkcan pass information to or receive information from anothernetwork.
• The protocols for this layer are contained in ISO 8823 andCCITT X.226.
• This layer works closely with the session layer to make theconnection between system works smoothiy.
• This layer is vital if you want to have the networks open to thelargest number of different users.
6. The Presentation Layer
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PLC2
PLC1
PLC4
PLC3
PLC6
PLC5
Shipping Receiving
OfficeNetwork
FactoryFloorNetwork
Quality ControlAccounting Process Engineering
Production Supervisor’s Computer
Maintenance Supervisor’s Computer
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• This layer provides the functions of making all of the otherlayers compatible when users must interconnect betweenmultiple network.
• The protocols in the application layer provide this function.
7. The Application Layer
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Typical Network Topologies
• Local area networks can be classified as baseband orbroadband networks.
• A baseband network is usually limited to equipment that isconnected over short distances.
• A broadband network depends on multiplexing techniques tosplit the network into multiple channels.
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• Four Types Of network Topologies that are commonly use inindustrial data communications systems.
1. Bus
2. Branching
3. Star
4. Ring
Types Of Network Topologies
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• This type of network is identified by one long spine with userdevices connected along the length of the network.
1. Bus Network
Bus Network
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• Branching network is show in fig.
• The tree network is identified by one long spine and thebranches that flow from the spine.
• Each branch can also have branches.
2. Branching Network
Branching Network
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• The star network is identified by a central node on thenetwork with all other branches of the network emanatingfrom the center node.
• The computer at the end of each branch can fail withoutharming data that are passed to other branches.
• If the computer that acts as the central node fails, the entairenetwork will become disabled.
3. Star Network
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Star Network
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• The ring network is identified by a main spine that is closed inthe shape of a ring.
• In both variations, data information flows in only onedirection around the ring.
• The first variation of this type of network shows the mainnetwork spine connected in a circle and each node is tap offthe main spine, much like the bus network.
• The second variation of the ring network shows each tap as anintegral part of the ring.
4. Ring Network
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Ring Network
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