JDAI DATA COLLECTION EFFORTS

BY: CHASTITY SCIFRES

JULY RESULTS OF DETENTION SCREENING TOOL

27% (16 of 59)of youth scored in the high range (14+ points)

31% (18) youth were detained

Had an overall detention override rate of 14% (6 of 42) (calculated as the % of youth who scored as

low or moderate who were detained)

6 of the overrides were eligible for release or alternative, but placed in a more restrictive detention

setting. Again, domestic incidents where youth were unable to return home for safety reasons was

the most common reason for detention, which indicates a shelter would be worth considering.

There were 8 overrides down that were eligible for an alternative or detention, but were released

with a citation. The most common reason for the release was that a mental health bed was

available, juvenile was injured and taken for treatment and the juvenile needed to be in school

31% (18) of the referrals came from neighborhood-based incidents; 29% (17) from shopping

malls/retail stores; 19% (11) came from homes; 10% (6) from vehicles; (1) from schools; and (1)

“other”

Breakdown of the schools attended by those referred to Intake, in this order: Jacksonville High,

Jacksonville Middle, Sylvan Hills High, McClellan, J.A. Fair, NLR High, NLR Middle

FURTHER BREAKDOWN

35 Male, 24 Female

50 Black, 9 White

Age range of 12-17

Had 14 night curfew violations and 1 day curfew violation

Most common home zip codes: 72076, 72204, 72209, 72114, 72117, 72118

Most common location of offense zip codes: 72076, 72209, 72114, 72213, 72118, 72204,

72120, 72206

Most common charges were Theft of Property, Domestic Battery 3rd, Fleeing, Possession of a

Handgun by a Minor, Disorderly Conduct, and Residential Burglary

* Zip code map provided

JULY OVERRIDE CALCULATION

RAI Score

Group

Number Screened Number Overridden to

Alternative to Detention

Number Overridden

to

Detention

Override Rate

0-7 points

Release

33 0 4 4/33=12%

8-13 points

Alternative to

Detention

9 0 2 2/9=22%

Total 0-13 42 0 6 6/42=14%

DETENTION SCREENING INSTRUMENT RESULTS FOR JUNE

13% (11 of 86)of youth scored in the high range (14+ points) 29% (25) youth were detained Had an overall detention override rate of 23% (17 of 75) (calculated as the % of youth who scored as low or moderate who

were detained) 17 of the overrides were eligible for release or alternative, but placed in a more restrictive detention setting (2 were due to a

mandatory statutory hold due to possession of a handgun) There were 12 overrides down that were eligible for an alternative or detention, but were released with a citation. The most

common reason for the release was that a parent/guardian was available. On the discretionary overrides, domestic incidents where youth were unable to return home for safety reasons was again the

most common reason, which indicates a shelter would be worth considering. 47% (40) of the referrals came from neighborhood-based incidents; 22% (19) came from homes; 14% (12) from shopping

malls/retail stores; 8% (7) from vehicles; (3) from streets, hwy or public space; (2) from parks; (2) from schools; and one from a residential area

Breakdown of the schools attended by those referred to Intake, in this order: Jacksonville High, Jacksonville Middle, McClellanHigh, Hall High, Sylvan Hills High

Further breakdown: 63 Male, 23 Female 67 Black, 19 White Age range of 12-17 Had 10 night curfew violations and 1 day curfew violation Most common home zip codes: 72076, 72209, 72117, 72204, 72120, 72116 Most common location of offense zip codes: 72076, 72209, 72117, 72204, 72120, 72116, 72113 Most common charges were Theft of Property, Domestic Battery 3rd, Fleeing, and Theft by Receiving

RAI Score

Group

Number Screened Number Overridden to

Alternative to Detention

Number Overridden

to

Detention

Override Rate

0-7 points

Release

57 0 12 10/75=16%

8-13 points

Alternative to

Detention

18 0 5 5/18=28%

Total 0-13 75 0 17 17/75=23%

63

23

Gender of Youth in June 2018

Male

Female

27%

73%67

19

Race of Youth in June 2018

Black

White

22%

78%

1

85

Ethnicity of Youth in June 2018

Hispanic

Non-Hispanic

1%

99%

2

16

37

4

10

6

9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ASP JXPD LRPD MPD NLRPD PCPD SPD

Num

ber

of

Arr

est

s in

June 2

018

Arresting Agency

Number of Arrests by Agency

19

40

21

2

12

3

7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Home Neighborhood Park Residential Area School Shopping Mall/RetailStore

Street, Highway, orPublic Space

Vehicle

Nu

mb

er o

f O

ffen

ses

in J

un

e 2

01

8

Location

Location of Offenses

LOCATION OF OFFENSE DEFINITIONS:

• School Based Incident - meaning school, school bus, or bus stop.

• Home Based Incident- incident occurring within juvenile's home or immediate vicinity.

• Neighborhood Based Incident- trouble or incident with neighbors within a one or two block radius of juvenile's home.

• Shopping Mall/Retail Store- incident occurring inside building or individual store.

• Business Establishment Involved Occurrence- meaning criminal trespass, breaking/entering, TOP, burglary, TBR,

robbery, assault at business other than mall/retail store or an entertainment venue.

• Entertainment Venue- such as movie theatre, skating rink, bowling alley, concert, or Dave & Buster's type facility.

• Outdoor Festival- county fair or street festival.

• Vehicle Involved Incident- meaning vehicular theft, TBR, breaking/entering, fleeing, car jacking, unauthorized use,

reckless driving, and etc.

• Residence Involved Occurrence- Not Involving juvenile's home such as criminal trespass, breaking or entering, burglary,

robbery, assault.

• Residential Area Based Incident- of whatever nature.

• Street, Highway, or Public Space Incident- of whatever nature.

• Park Related Incident- of whatever nature.

17

11

10

8

8

5

5

5

3

3

2

2

1

1

1

1

3

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

72076

72209

72204

72117

72120

72113

72116

72205

72206

72211

72114

72126

72207

72210

72223

72227

Unknown

Number of Offenses

Zip Code

Zip Codes Where Offenses Occur

17

14

8

7

6

6

4

4

4

3

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

1

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

72076

72209

72117

72204

72116

72120

72113

72205

72211

72114

72126

72206

72223

72002

72118

72210

72227

Other

Unknown

Number of Youth

Zip Code

Zip Codes Where Youth Reside

1

2 2 2

1

6

1 1

7

2

7

2

6

4

1

2

3

11

3

1

5

1

12

1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Num

ber

of

Off

enders

in J

une 2

018

Schools

Schools Attended

ALTERNATIVES TO DETENTION• Home Detention

• Home or Community detention is a form of community-based supervision that can serve as the lesser restrictive ATD and can be used in combination

with other alternatives.

• Electronic Monitoring/GPS

• Electronic monitoring and GPS can be an effective and cost efficient alternative to detention. Technology has advanced to allow for both passive and

active systems that can alert appropriate individuals about the location of youth. Electronic monitoring is often used for surveillance of house arrest

and curfew conditions

• Placement Coordination

• Placement coordination typically occurs prior to detention hearings and seeks to facilitate releases from detention for youth who can safely be

released with an appropriate ATD. This staffing includes a placement coordinator/expeditor, defense representation, prosecutor and other system

representatives relevant to staffed cases. The purpose of the staffing is to review the RAI score and discuss a pretrial release plan.

• Day/Evening Reporting Center

• Day and evening reporting centers target youth needing extra supervision during the day and/or evening. A combination of programming is

available to youth and the centers are usually community-based and operated by a youth-service agency.

• Shelter/Foster Care Beds

• Short-term respite or crisis beds are ATDs reserved for those youth who do not need to be securely detained, but do not have a viable home

environment to return to pending adjudication.

• Reception Center

• Reception centers usually operate 24hours/7day/week as an alternative to detention for screening youth who do not meet the criteria for detention.

Law enforcement can release arrested youth to the Reception Center staff who typically are trained social workers and whose main role is to screen

youth, work to reunify youth with a parent or guardian, explain the next steps and offer counseling if appropriate.

ALTERNATIVES TO DETENTION

• The 2015 changes to Ark Code Ann § 9-27-322(a) allows intake officers to use

discretion to send the arrestee home on an electronic monitor or place juvenile in

shelter care if unable to locate the juvenile’s parent/guardian.

• How is electronic monitor funded and who attaches monitor and explains conditions of

monitor release?

• What shelters are available?

• Intake officers have authority to allow arrestee to return home upon written

conditions and return to court within a short period for an expedited hearing.

• Intake and Judges will have to determine parameters and implementation method of

written conditions.

• Would allow for reduction in short stays in detention where we know youth are likely to be

released at detention hearing and could help expedite first appearances of youth and

connection to services

8 CORE STRATEGIES OF JDAI• Promoting collaboration between juvenile court officials, probation agencies, prosecutors,

defense attorneys, schools, community organizations and advocates;

• Using rigorous data collection and analysis to guide decision making;

• Utilizing objective admissions criteria and risk-assessment instruments to determine whether

youth should be placed into secure detention facilities;

• Implementing new or expanded alternatives to detention programs — such as day and

evening reporting centers, home confinement and shelter care — that can be used in lieu of

locked detention;

• Instituting case processing reforms to expedite the flow of cases through the system;

• Reducing the number of youth detained for probation rule violations or failing to appear in

court, and the number held in detention awaiting transfer to a residential facility;

• Combatting racial and ethnic disparities by examining data to identify policies and practices

that may disadvantage youth of color at various stages of the process, and pursuing

strategies to ensure a more level playing field for youth regardless of race or ethnicity;

• Monitoring and improving conditions of confinement in detention facilities.

PULASKI COUNTY RECOMMENDATIONS CONTAINED IN COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM-COLLECTING AND STRATEGICALLY USING DATA

• Convene a stakeholder group to identify routine data reports that would help stakeholders understand

how well the juvenile justice system is functioning in Pulaski County. These reports could include standard

information on arrests, referrals to juvenile court, detention admissions, commitments to DYS, transfers of

youth to adult court, and effectiveness of community-based services.

• Implement a way to track and regularly review arrests of youth charged with school-based offenses.

Ensure that these reports are disaggregated by age, race, ethnicity, gender, offense, and school.

• Implement a quality assurance process within juvenile court to ensure that data on race, ethnicity, gender,

whether referrals stem from school-based arrests, and other variables are accurately entered.

• Conduct deeper data analyses of specific target populations, such as youth referred to court for minor

offenses, youth admitted to detention for relatively minor offenses, and youth released at initial

detention hearings to determine if youth within those populations could benefit from diversion options or

alternatives to detention.

USING EVIDENCE-BASED TOOLS TO MAKE DECISION ABOUT DIVERSION, DETENTION, AND SUPERVISION OF YOUTH:Juvenile court uses a variety of programs to divert youth at intake, such as structured community

service, referrals to the North Little Rock Teen Court, referrals to United Family Services, and

deferred prosecution agreements. During the comprehensive review, there was interest among

many stakeholders in obtaining data on the effectiveness of different diversion options, which

did not seem to be readily available for many programs. Moreover, there did not seem to be

standard written criteria for youth’s eligibility for diversion programs, or a process for matching

youth charged with particular offenses to specific diversion options. However, a closer analysis

of the types of situations leading to referrals for these reasons could help identify and tailor

additional diversion options. For example, some stakeholders mentioned that a peer court based

in Little Rock could serve as a diversion option for certain offenses.

RECOMMENDATION:

• Gather data on the number of youth diverted from the formal juvenile justice

system by police and intake, agree upon common metrics of success among

diversion programs, develop formal written diversion criteria, identify target

populations for particular programs, and analyze common reasons for

referral to identify whether other targeted diversion options could be

effective interventions at the point of arrest or intake.

JULY DIVERSIONS:

• As of July, we are collecting the number, demographics, and success/failure

and reasons for failure of those being diverted out of intake for two of the

juvenile courts.

• In July, 11 juveniles were diverted through intake. One has already been

referred on to the Prosecutor for failure to follow parents rules.

U OF A AT LR’S LAW SCHOOL YOUTH MEDIATION PROGRAM

• Juvenile Delinquency

• Mediation is available for any first offense misdemeanor or juvenile delinquency

offenses (thefts, criminal mischief, minor fights with serious personal injuries, etc.).

Juvenile delinquency cases referred to the Mediation Program may be diverted by

intake before a petition is filed for a formal court hearing.

• The mediation clinic may also mediate some truancy cases referred to the program

directly by the truancy prosecutor. The truancy prosecutor may refer truancy cases to

the Mediation Clinic before a petition is filed for a formal court hearing. The

participants in the mediation will be the parent(s), the youth, and a representative

from the youth’s school. If the terms of the agreement are successfully completed, the

case will be closed and no further action will be taken. If no agreement is reached in

mediation or if the terms of the agreement are not completed , the case will be

returned to the truancy prosecutor for a hearing.

PROPOSED DEFINITION OF RECIDIVISM:

• Delinquency adjudication or conviction in criminal court for either a

misdemeanor or felony within twenty-four (24) months of a previous

delinquency adjudication.

• Potential adjustments:

• reduce the time to 12 months

• make the initiation of the 24 months dependent upon completion of probation and/or

release from custody or closure of a delinquency case/discharge from juvenile court

jurisdiction

ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDATION:

• Assign a point person within the County to monitor funding opportunities for juvenile justice

reform, including those through the federal Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention

(https://www.ojjdp.gov/funding/funding.html), and ensure that individual signs up for the

agency’s JuvJust listserv. The Council of State Governments’ Justice Center website also

contains a page featuring federal and foundation-funded opportunities, which should be

regularly reviewed (https://csgjusticecenter.org/reentry/online-tools/funding/).

•

• Review the resources available on the National Juvenile Justice Network’s Fiscal Policy

Resource Center website (http://www.njjn.org/our-work/juvenile-justice-publications-fiscal-

policy), which contains guides on identifying sources of funding for juvenile justice reforms to

determine which have not been fully tapped by Pulaski County.

2017 JUVENILES CHARGED AS ADULTS

84

103 103

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2015 2016 2017

Number of Youth

Number of Youth

BREAKDOWN OF 2017 JUVENILES CHARGED AS ADULTS66

14

3

20

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Adult Charges Transferred to Juvenile Ct Nolle Prossed No Adult or Juvenile Record Found

2017 Juveniles Arrested as Adults

39

8

19

21

7

19

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20

13

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7

21 1

31

54

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4

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Number of Charges