Data Changes from GOES-12/NOP Imagers
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Data Changes from GOES-12/NOP Imagers
Timothy J. Schmit
NOAA/NESDIS/STAR (formerly ORA)
SaTellite Applications and Research (STAR)
Advanced Satellite Products Team (ASPT)
in collaboration with the
Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS)
Madison, WI
UW-Madison
Satellite DirectReadout Users
Conference for the Americas12 December 2002
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Data Changes from GOES-12/NOP ImagersX-ray image of the Sun was taken by the SXI instrument onboard GOES-12
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i/GOES-12 Imager Changes- Spectral- Spatial
GOES-N/O/P Changes- Less outages
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Spectral ranges for the GOES-8/11 (top bars) and GOES-12+ (bottom bars) Imagers.
sample high spectral-resolution earth emitted spectra
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GOESImagerBand
Wavelength Range(μm)
Central Wavelength(μm)
Meteorological Objective
1 0.55 to 0.75 0.65Cloud cover and surface features
during the day2 3.8 to 4.0 3.9 Low cloud/fog detection, fire detection
36.5 to 7.05.8 to 7.3
6.7 (GOES-8/11)6.5 (GOES-12+)
Upper-level water vapor
4 10.2 to 11.2 10.7 Surface or cloud top temperature
5 11.5 to 12.5 12.0 (GOES-8/11) Surface or cloud top temperature andlow-level water vapor
6 12.9 to 13.7 13.3 (GOES-12+) CO2 band: Cloud detection
GOES Imager bands
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GOES Imager 6.7 um vs 6.5 um
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GOES Imager Bands 4, 5, 6
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GOES-8 Imager data -- native perspective
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GOES-12 Imager data -- native perspective
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GOES-12 Imager comparisons
After accounting for spectral response differences, the
imager brightness temperatures are similar to
those from operational satellites.
The improved spatial resolution on the water vapor images from GOES-12 are evident (4 km detectors, as opposed to the 8 km detectors).
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GOES-8/12 Imager comparisons
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GOES-12 GOES-10
Both water vapor images are shown in their native projections.
http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/011119/011119.html
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The GOES-12/10/08 weighting functions calculated from the 19 September 00UTC Albuquerque NM rawinsonde profile, the theoretical water vapor channel brightness temperatures should have been about 3.5 degrees warmer on GOES-12 than on GOES-10/08.
Average satellite brightness temperatures measured over the mountain wave signature region were about 3 degrees K warmer on GOES-12 than on GOES-10/08.
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GOES-12 Imager -- Visible
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GOES-12 Imager -- IR window
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GOES-12 Imager -- 13.3 µm
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GOES-12 Imager -- Cloud Top Pressure
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GOES-12 Sounder -- Cloud Top Pressure
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Expected product changes
Cloud height products Improved Better heightassignments
Satellite-derived winds Improved Better heightassignments
Mid-level moisturegradients
Improved Due to finer spatialresolution
“Water Vapor”Imagery
Slightly Improved Change in spectralwidth
Higher spatialresolution
Note: Most GOES Imager data or products are not affected by these changes (most imagery, infrared-only products, visible products, etc).
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Expected product changes
Dust, smoke andvolcanic ash detection
Degraded Affect morepronounced during the
night
Detection of low cloud Degraded Affect morepronounced during the
night
Low-level moisture andskin temperaturedeterminations
Degraded Rely on sounder orpolar-orbiting data
Sea SurfaceTemperatures
Unknown Daytime products maybe most affected
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GOES-8/11 GOES-12/NGOESImagerBand
IGFOV*(km)
SSR**(km)
IGFOV*(km)
SSR**(km)
1 1.0 x 1.0 0.57 x 1.0 1.0 x 1.0 0.57 x 1.02 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.0 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.03 8.0 x 8.0 2.3 x 8.0 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.04 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.0 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.05 4.0 x 4.0 2.3 x 4.0 No band No band6 No band No band 8.0 x 8.0 2.3 x 8.0
GOES Imager spatial resolution characteristics.
(GOES-8/11 values are from Menzel and Purdom 1994)
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Limitations of Current GOES Imagers
– Regional/Hemispheric scan conflicts
– Low spatial resolution
– Missing spectral bands
– Eclipse and related outages
GOES-N/O/P will supply data through the eclipse periods.
The spacecraft batteries are specified to be large enough to run through eclipse.
Shields have been added to the secondary mirror spiders.
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Outages due to Eclipse
and the Keep-Out-Zone
GOES-8 (~3 hours of data outage)
No data!
GOES-N+
(~0 hours of data outage)
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GOES-O – improved spatial resolution of the 13.3 um band.
4 km
1 km
8 km
2 km
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More information:
NWA article: Schmit, T. J., E. M. Prins, A. J. Schreiner, and J. J. Gurka, 2001: Introducing the GOES-M imager. Volume 25, Nos 3,4, Nat. Wea. Assoc. Digest.
GOES-12 web pageshttp://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/g12_report/http://www.cira.colostate.edu/ramm/goesm/test_results.htm
GOES spectral response functions and GOES-M changes: http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goes/goes-calibration/change-channels.htm
COMET page on GOES channels:http://meted.ucar.edu/satmet/goeschan/index.htm
SXI and space weather: http://www.sec.noaa.gov/sxi/
GOES-12 Imager VISITview session (and a NOAA Technical Memo) are being developed.