Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based...
-
Upload
philip-joseph -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
1
Transcript of Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based...
![Page 1: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Data and Computer Communications
Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based
Applications
![Page 2: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based
Applications To destroy communication completely, there
must be no rules in common between transmitter and receiver—neither of alphabet nor of syntax —On Human Communication, Colin Cherry
![Page 3: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Need For Protocol Architecture
data exchange can involve complex procedures, cf. file transfer example
better if task broken into subtasks implemented separately in layers in stack
each layer provides functions needed to perform comms for layers above
using functions provided by layers below peer layers communicate with a protocol
![Page 4: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Key Elements of a Protocol
syntax - data format semantics - control info & error handling timing - speed matching & sequencing
![Page 5: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
developed by US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA)
![Page 6: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
TCP/IP Layers
no official model but a working one Application layer Host-to-host, or transport layer Internet layer Network access layer Physical layer
![Page 7: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Physical Layer
concerned with physical interface between computer and network
concerned with issues like: characteristics of transmission medium signal levels data rates other related matters
![Page 8: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Network Access Layer
exchange of data between an end system and attached network
concerned with issues like : destination address provision invoking specific services like priority access to & routing data across a network link
between two attached systems allows layers above to ignore link specifics
![Page 9: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Internet Layer (IP)
routing functions across multiple networks for systems attached to different networks using IP protocol implemented in end systems and routers routers connect two networks and relays
data between them
![Page 10: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Transport Layer (TCP)
common layer shared by all applications provides reliable delivery of data in same order as sent commonly uses TCP
![Page 11: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Application Layer
provide support for user applications need a separate module for each type of
application
![Page 12: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Operation of TCP and IP
![Page 13: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Addressing Requirements
two levels of addressing required each host on a subnet needs a unique
global network address its IP address
each application on a (multi-tasking) host needs a unique address within the host known as a port
![Page 14: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Operation of TCP/IP
![Page 15: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
TCP Header
![Page 16: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
TCP/IP Applications
have a number of standard TCP/IP applications such as Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Telnet
![Page 17: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Some TCP/IP Protocols
![Page 18: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection developed by the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) has seven layers is a theoretical system delivered too late! TCP/IP is the de facto standard
![Page 19: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
OSI Layers
![Page 20: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
OSI v TCP/IP
![Page 21: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Standardized Protocol Architectures
![Page 22: Data and Computer Communications Chapter 2 – Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP, and Internet-Based Applications 1.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e8f5503460f94b93a6a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Summary
introduced need for protocol architecture TCP/IP protocol architecture OSI Model & protocol architecture
standardization