DASAR -DASAR DASAR -DASAR IRIGASI S SPRINGKELIRIGASI S SPRINGKEL

PS TEKNIK SUMBERDAYA ALAM DAN LINGKUNGAN

BAMBANG RAHADI

Presentation 4 – Sprinkle Irrigation Systems

On-Farm Irrigation MethodsOn-Farm Irrigation Methods

Type U.S. Area WorldArea

Surface 65% 95%

Sprinkler 30% 3%

Micro Irrigation 3% 1%

Sub-Irrigation 2% 1%

KeuntunganKeuntungan

1. High Application uniformity2. Use of small continuous streams3. Use on steep or undulating topographies4. Application of light & frequent irrigations5. Labor is only needed for a short time each

day6. Labor can be relatively unskilled7. Automation is readily available8. Weather (micro-climate) can be modified

KerugianKerugian

1. Initial costs are high ($500 to $3,500 per ha)2. Operating costs are high3. Water quality can be a problem4. Wet conditions during crop maturation can

impact yield5. Fluctuating flow rates at the water source6. Irregular field shapes are difficult to irrigate7. Very windy or very dry conditions result in high

losses8. Low intake rate soils (< 3 mm/hr) have runoff

problems

“Set” SystemsFixedPeriodic-

moveContinuous-move

Systems

“Set” Systems

Hand-moveEnd-towSide roll (“wheel

lines”)GunBoomFixed (“solid set”)Others

Hand-move Sprinkle SystemsHand-move Sprinkle Systems

End-tow Sprinkle SystemsEnd-tow Sprinkle Systems

Side Roll Sprinkle SystemsSide Roll Sprinkle Systems

Gun Sprinkle SystemsGun Sprinkle Systems

Boom Sprinkle SystemsBoom Sprinkle Systems

Solid Set Sprinkle SystemsSolid Set Sprinkle Systems

Special Sprinkle SystemsSpecial Sprinkle Systems

Continuous- Move SystemsContinuous- Move SystemsCenter PivotsCenter Pivots

Liner-move Sprinkle Systems Liner-move Sprinkle Systems

Miscellaneous Moving Sprinkle Systems

Field Evaluation of Sprinkle Field Evaluation of Sprinkle Systems – Pressure ImpactsSystems – Pressure Impacts

Pressure is the most important operational parameter in sprinkle irrigation.

Field Evaluation of Sprinkle Field Evaluation of Sprinkle Systems – Precipitation PatternsSystems – Precipitation Patterns

EVALUASIEVALUASI

Catch-can tests are for evaluating uniformity

Catch-can data are often overlapped for various sprinkler & lateral spacings

Use a program for overlapping: CATCH-3D You can also use a spreadsheet program to

simulate overlapping

Field Evaluation of SprinklersField Evaluation of Sprinklers

Catch-can tests represent a specific wind & pressure situation

Typical catch-can spacings are 2 or 3 m on a square grid, or 1 to 2 m spacings along one or more “radial legs”

Set up cans with half spacing from sprinklers (in both axes) to facilitate overlapping

See ASAE S398.1 and ASAE S436

The EndThe End