Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi

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Two Dimensional Echocardiography Views and Measurements

Transcript of Dasar Dasar Echokardiografi

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Two DimensionalEchocardiography

Views and Measurements

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Echocardiographic Examination

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The Windows (Transducer Location)

1.Parasternal

2.Apical

3.Subcostal

4.Suprasternal

Echocardiographic Examination

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Echocardiographic Examination

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Echocardiographic Examination

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Echocardiographic Examination

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Echocardiographic Examination

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Echocardiographic Examination

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Echocardiographic Examination

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Echocardiographic Examination

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Transducer motion

1.Translation (movement)

2.Tilting or pointing

3.Angulation

4.Rotation

Echocardiographic Examination

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Views

PLAX

RVIT

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Views

PSAX – Aortic Valve

PSAX – Mitral Valve

PSAX – Papillary Muscle

PSAX - Apex

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Views

Apical 4-Chamber

Apical 2-Chamber

Apical 3-Chamber (Apical Long Axis)

Apical 5 Chamber

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Views

Subcostal 4 Chamber

Subcostal 5 Chamber

Subcostal Short Axis

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Views

Suprasternal Long Axis

Suprasternal Short Axis

Right Parasternal View

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Two Dimensional Evaluation

Wall

Thickness Systolic thickening Scarring Systolic motion

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Two Dimensional Evaluation

Septum

Thickness Systolic thickening Scarring Systolic motion

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Two Dimensional Evaluation

Chamber size

Ventricles Atria Aorta Pulmonary artery

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Two Dimensional Evaluation

Valves Thickening Calcification Motion

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Two Dimensional Evaluation

Subvalvular apparatus

Chordae tendinaea Papillary muscle

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Two Dimensional Evaluation

Masses

Thrombus Tumors Vegetations

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Two Dimensional Evaluation

Pericardium

Thickening

Effusion Pericardial Pleural

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PLAX View

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PLAX View

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PLAX View

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PLAX

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• Aortic diameter

• LVOT diameter

• LA dimension

2-D Measurement

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• RVWd

• RVIDd

2-D Measurement

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• IVSd

• IVSs

2-D Measurement

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• LVIDd

• LVIDd index

• LVIDs

• LVIDs index

M-mode Measurement

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• LVPWd

• LVPWs

2-D Measurement

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ESD = LVIDs

EDD = LVIDd

FS= LVIDd - LVIDs LVIDd

Evaluation of LV Systolic Function

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EF = LVIDd3 – LVIDs3 LVIDd3

Evaluation of LV Systolic Function

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RVIT

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RVIT - Diameter

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PSAX – Aortic Valve

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PSAX – Diameter

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PSAX – Diameter

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PSAX – Mitral Valve

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PSAX – Papillary Muscle

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This is done by tracing the epicardial to calculate the total ventricular volume and the endocardial border to calculate chamber volume.LV mass = 1.05 (total volume – chamber volume)

Evaluation of LV Mass

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Evaluation of LV Mass

Total volume= Total area x length

Chamber volume = Chamber area x Length

Myocardial volume = Total volume – Chamber volume

LV mass = Myocardial volume x density

LV mass = Myocardial volume x 1.05

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PSAX – Epicardial Border Trace

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PSAX – Endocardial Border Trace

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PSAX - Apex

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Apical – 4 Chamber

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Apical-4 ChamberLV Length

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Apical – 4 ChamberRA and LA Area

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For this method, endocardial borders are traced in apical four-chamber and two-chamber views and are used to define a series of orthogonal diameters (a and b) as follows:

V = (p ) S ai bi x (L) 4 20Using 20 disk for i = 1 to i = 20

This calculation is done by computer software.

Simpson’s Rule

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Simpson’sApical 4-Chamber Diastole

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Simpson’sApical 4-Chamber Diastole

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Simpson’sApical 4-Chamber Systole

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Simpson’sApical 4-Chamber Systole

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Simpson’sApical 2 – Chamber Diastole

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Simpson’sApical 2-Chamber Diastole

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Simpson’sApical 2-Chamber Systole

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Simpson’sApical 2-Chamber Systole

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Apical 5-Chamber

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Apical – Two Chamber

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Apical – Long Axis

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In the short axis view at the base

(MV), the LV is divided into:

1. Anterior wall

2. Lateral wall

3. Posterior wall

4. Inferior wall

5. Interior septal wall

6. Anterior septal wall

Wall Segments

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In the short axis view at the mid-left

ventricle (the papillary muscle level),

the LV is divided into:

1. Anterior wall

2. Lateral wall

3. Posterior wall

4. Inferior wall

5. Interior septal wall

6. Anterior septal wall

Wall Segments

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In the short axis view at the apex

the LV is divided into:

1. Anterior wall

2. Postero-lateral wall

3. Inferior wall

Wall Segments

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Wall Segments

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Wall Segments

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Wall Segments

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Wall Segments

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Wall Segments

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Wall Segments

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Subcostal – 4 Chamber

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Subcostal 5-Chamber

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PSAX - Apex

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Subcostal Short Axis

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Subcostal Short Axis

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Subcostal – Short Axis

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Suprasternal Long Axis

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Suprasternal Short Axis