Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. What is a scientific theory? A well substantiated explanation of...
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Transcript of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. What is a scientific theory? A well substantiated explanation of...
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Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
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What is a scientific theory?A well substantiated explanation
of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.
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The Puzzle of DiversityEvolution
◦Change over time◦Change in the inherited
characteristics of populations over successive generations.
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Evolution how◦Mutations that result in better
chance for survival Traits are passed on to offspring
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The puzzle of diversityCharles Darwin
◦Largest contributor to current understanding of evolution
◦Voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle Collected samples of life in different parts
of the world.
◦Galapagos Islands Patterns of diversity Fossils
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Voyage of the Beagle
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Galápagos Islands
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Galápagos SpeciesTurtles
◦ Different length necks◦ Different shells◦ Work perfectly for the island on which they live
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Galápagos SpeciesFinches
◦ Different beaks◦ Different colors◦ Traits correlate to
environment
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Artificial Selection
If we can change a species through our choosing, why could nature not choose and change?
Humans choose which organisms survive and reproduce
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Thomas Malthus 1798
• Human populations will out grow space and food supplies.
• Can you see this theory at play today?
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Natural SelectionSome organisms in the fight for life are better equipped than others
Those best equipped will survive
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Natural SelectionSome organisms in the fight for life are better equipped than others
Those best equipped will survive
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Natural Selection
Principles on pg 422
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Ideas That Shaped Darwin’s ThinkingInfluences on Darwin’s Thinking
◦James Hutton (1785) Geological forces shaped Earth. Earth millions of years old, not
thousands.
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How are mountains formed?
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Tectonic Plates
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Are Scientific Discoveries Unique?Alfred Russel Wallace
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Influences on Darwin◦Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1809)
Living things have changed over time ~ all species descended from other species.
Species are adapted to their environment.
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Jean-Baptiste LamarckOrganisms acquired or lost
certain traits during their lifetime. These traits could be passed on to their offspring.
3 parts to this idea…
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Tendency Towards PerfectionAll organisms seek perfection
Acquire traits that help them flourish◦Birds’ desire to fly led to flight
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Use and DisuseChange parts of body through
use and disuse
Bird tries to fly, wings develop over time◦Bird does not fly, wings fall off over
time
Tie an arm behind your back…
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Inheritance of Acquired TraitsGained during an organism’s
lifetime◦Body builders, strong heart, obesity
Traits passed directly to offspring◦Since I run a lot, my child will see the
advantage
Epigenetics?
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EvaluatingLamarck was wrong; so, what did
he contribute?
Laid the foundation for evolutionary theory
First to document that organisms adapt to their environment
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Influences on Darwin◦Charles Lyell – Principle of Geology
Past events must be explained using processes that can be observed.
Slow process ~ These processes are still occurring!
◦Robert Frost once said, “In three words I can sum up everything I
know about life: it goes on.”
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Stop, collaborate, and listen…Could one person come up with
and completely legitimize a theory on his/her own?
Could Darwin have drawn the picture of Evolution all by himself?◦Who were four of the main
contributing artists to his first proposal?
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Darwin Presents His CasePublication of On the Origin of
Species◦Inherited Variation◦Artificial Selection◦Natural Selection
Struggle for existence Fitness and Adaptation Survival of the Fittest
Natural Selection Descent with modification Common descent
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15-3: Darwin Presents His Case
Publication of On the Origin of Species◦Evidence
Fossil record Geographic distribution Homologous body structures Vestigial organs Similarities in Embryology
Strengths and Weaknesses of Evolution