DARPA Dr. Douglas C. Schmidt, DARPA/ITO Thoughts on Maintaining IT Superiority in the Face of...
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Transcript of DARPA Dr. Douglas C. Schmidt, DARPA/ITO Thoughts on Maintaining IT Superiority in the Face of...
DARPADARPA
Dr. Douglas C. Schmidt, DARPA/ITO
Thoughts on Maintaining IT Superiority in the Face of
Commoditization
Thursday, April 20, 2023
2 D. Schmidt
DARPADARPA
High-performance, real-time, fault-tolerant, and secure systems
Adaptive & reflective autonomous distributed embedded systems
Power-aware ad hoc, mobile, distributed, & embedded systems
Middleware, Frameworks, & Components
Patterns & Pattern Languages
Open-source & Standards
Addressing the COTS “Crisis”
However, this trend presents many vexing R&D challenges for mission-critical DoD systems, e.g., • Inflexibility and lack of QoS• Security & global competition
Distributed systems increasingly must reuse commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware & software• i.e., COTS is essential to R&D success
Why DARPA should care:
• Recent advances in COTS software technology can help to fundamentally reshape distributed embedded system R&D
• Despite IT commodization, progress in COTS hardware & software is often not applicable for mission-critical DoD distributed embedded systems
3 D. Schmidt
DARPADARPA
There are multiple COTS layers & research/
business opportunities
Historically, mission-critical apps were built directly atop hardware
The domain-specific services layer is where system integrators can provide the most value & derive the most benefits
The domain-specific services layer is where system integrators can provide the most value & derive the most benefits
The Evolution of COTS
Standards-based COTS middleware helps:•Leverage hardware/software technology advances
•Evolve to new environments & requirements
& OS•This was extremely tedious, error-prone, & costly over system life-cycles
•QoS specification & enforcement
•Real-time features & optimizations
•Layered resource management
•Transparent power management
Early COTS middleware lacked:
Advanced R&D has address some, but by no means all, of these issues
4 D. Schmidt
DARPADARPA
•More emphasis on integration rather than programming
•Increased technology convergence & standardization
•Mass market economies of scale for technology & personnel
•More disruptive technologies & global competition
•Lower priced--but often lower quality--hardware & software components
•The decline of internally funded R&D•Potential for complexity cap in next-generation complex systems
Consequences of COTS & IT Commoditization
Not all trends bode well for long-term competitiveness of traditional R&D leaders
Ultimately, competitiveness will depend upon longer-term R&D efforts on complex distributed & embedded systems
5 D. Schmidt
DARPADARPAThe DARPA/ITO Embedded
Systems Family of Programs
SECSEC• Hybrid, adaptive, control & computationHybrid, adaptive, control & computation
QuorumQuorum• Quality-of-service & translucent layers
MoBIESMoBIES• Design technology & software CAD
ARMSARMS• Adaptive & reflective middlewareAdaptive & reflective middleware
PCESPCES• Composable embedded systems
NESTNEST• Deeply networked embedded systems
PCAPCA• Polymorphous computing architecture
9 D. Schmidt
DARPADARPAHow DARPA is Making a
Difference in COTS
Revolutionary changes in software process: Open-source, refactoring, extreme programming (XP), advanced V&V techniques
Standards-based QoS-enabled Middleware: Pluggable service & micro-protocol components & reusable “semi-complete” application frameworks
Why middleware-centric reuse works1.Hardware advances
•e.g., faster CPUs & networks2.Software/system architecture
advances•e.g., inter-layer optimizations & meta-programming mechanisms
3.Economic necessity•e.g., global competition for customers & engineers
Patterns and Pattern Languages: Generate software architectures by capturing recurring structures & dynamics & by resolving design forces
10 D. Schmidt
DARPADARPAConcluding Remarks
There will be little or no incentive for industry to improve COTS hardware & software as long as:1. Most users emphasize price
& features over quality & scalability
2. Vendors continue to make $$$ selling lower-quality products inexpensively & en masse
3. There’s no credible competition or alternatives
4. Fundamental R&D funding levels continue to decline relative to venture capital
How DARPA can help the US maintain IT superiority•Ensure credible competition & alternatives, e.g.,•Support R&D to evolve the confidence of commodity IT
•Guide, rather than follow (or ignore) COTS maturation & standardization
•Raise the bar for DoD contractors who participate in DARPA R&D programs
•Stabilize funding of fundamental IT R&D challenges for complex systems