Dario Bottazzi

IS-MANET Meeting—Bologna

dbottazzi@deis.unibo.it

Enabling Collaborative Enabling Collaborative Applications in MANETsApplications in MANETs

21st July 2004

Bologna — 21.07.2004

OutlineOutline

Group Membership and Group Communication Requirements and Solutions in MANETs The AGAPE Framework

– Group Membership– Group Communication

Case Study and Results Evaluation Conclusions & Future Work

Bologna — 21.07.2004

New New Opportunities for Impromptu Opportunities for Impromptu Collaboration in MANETsCollaboration in MANETs

New MANET scenario– proliferation wireless-enabled portable devices– recent advances in MANET technology

User requirement– Traditional services (www, e-mail,…)– Innovative Collaborative Applications

– Emergency Response– Automotive – Games …

Bologna — 21.07.2004

Impromptu CollaborationImpromptu Collaboration

Proximity-Based: co-located group members are likely to operate more often than with the others. Location-based: the members of the group access available services and resources. Impromptu: collaboration require no prior planning Transient: interactions are short-lived

A Group is a set of co-located autonomous entities that can communicate, collaborate with each other. All members agree on group activities, tasks and goals.

Group Collaboration is:

Bologna — 21.07.2004

New Challenges in Collaborative New Challenges in Collaborative Applications Applications

Highly dynamic Nature of Ad-Hoc Groups– Device Mobility, Run-Time Join-Leave…– Impromptu Nature of Collaboration Activities– Collaboration Between Previously Unknown Partners

Highly Dynamic Nature of MANETs– Frequent Host Connections and Disconnections– Frequent Network Partitions

Heterogeneous Characteristics of Group Members– Resource scarcity

Bologna — 21.07.2004

Group Membership & Group Membership & CommunicationCommunication

Traditional Group Membership and Communication Solutions

– ISIS, Horus, Transis, JGroup, …– View-oriented

– Aim to provide members a commonly agreed perception of the composition of the group.

– Relevant computational resources– Suppose the availability of high bandwidth reliable multicast and total ordered communication channels

Bologna — 21.07.2004

Recent Research EffortsRecent Research Efforts Global Virtual Data Space-Based Systems (GVDS)

– LIME, PeerWare, Xmiddle, TOTA– GVDS aim to coordinating–Transiently shared data space that is partitioned between collaborating entities– Group membership and communication coupled to the data space

Profile-Based Collaboration Systems– Proem– At regular times each entity broadcasts its profile– Application provided with the visibility of neighbors’ profiles–Group membership relies on the implementation of the same application-level protocols

Bologna — 21.07.2004

The AGAPE FrameworkThe AGAPE FrameworkALLOCATION AND GROUP-AWARE PERVASIVE ENVIRONMENTS

Context-Aware Group Membership and Communication Middleware

– Users have direct visibility of only locally available set of group members and characteristics (Context-dependent View)

AGAPE Groups– Each group is characterized by a group unique identifier and by a group profile (commonly agreed interests, preferences, activities and goals)– The set of members that compose a group is not a-priori determined, but can dynamically change– Two entity roles: the Managed Entity (ME) and the Locality Manager Entity (LME)

Bologna — 21.07.2004

AGAPE LocalityAGAPE Locality

MANET

LME 1LME 3ME 1

ME 2

ME 3

ME 4

ME 5ME 6

ME 7ME 8

LME 2 ME 10

Locality3Locality2

Loca

lity1

ME 9

Bologna — 21.07.2004

Communication ModelCommunication Model Communication Pattern

– Context-Based Any-Cast/Multi-Cast – Profile– Binding Strategy (Early/Late Binding Strategy)– Designation Criteria (only for Context-Based Any-cast)

Message Scheduling Message Presentation

Bologna — 21.07.2004

Context-Based Any-CastContext-Based Any-Cast

ME 1

ME 2

ME 3

ME 4

ME 5

ME 9

ME 7

ME 8LME 1 ME 6

Locality1

ME1 ME2 ME3 ME4 ME6 LME1

Profile

Designation Criteria

Choice

Bologna — 21.07.2004

ArchitectureArchitecture

JVM-OS-HW-Network

PENS PS NMS

J/LMS VMS BCKS

CS BS MSS

Application

MPS

AG

AP

E

Group Mangement Layer

Group Communication Layer

NMS: Network Manager Service PS: Proximity Service PENS: Proximity Enabled Naming Service

BCKS: Backup Service VMS: View Manager Service J/MS: Join/Leave Manager Service

CS: Communication Service

BS: Binding Service MPS: Message Presentation Service MSS: Message Scheduler Service

Bologna — 21.07.2004

Case Study–Emergency ResponseCase Study–Emergency Response

The application aggregates together firemen working within the same area,

– provides firemen with the visibility of the colleagues – allows firemen to communicate instructions or images via messages exchanges.

Firemen interoperate via a IEEE 802.11b-based MANET with AODV routing protocol and statically configured IP addresses.

Bologna — 21.07.2004

Case Study–Emergency ResponseCase Study–Emergency Response Devices

– Firemen of high rank: lap-tops, Fedora Linux, J2SE 1.4 and the AGAPE release for resource rich devices. – Firemen of low rank: iPAQ PDAs, Linux Familiar, Personal Java and the AGAPE release for resource constrained devices.

CC/PP-compliant profiles– Firemen profiles firemen’s name and rank. – Device profiles – Group profiles identify the goals of the fire brigade community.

Bologna — 21.07.2004

MANET Tom, FirefighterBob, Engineer

Joe, Captain

Nick, Firefighter Sam, Firefighter

LME 1

ME 2

ME 3

ME 4

Locality1

Locality (h=2)ME 1

Case StudyCase Study

Join

Bologna — 21.07.2004

Case StudyCase Study

MANET Tom, FirefighterBob, Engineer

Joe, Captain

Nick, Firefighter Sam, Firefighter

LME 1

ME 2

ME 3

ME 4

Locality1

Locality (h=2)ME 1

Bologna — 21.07.2004

PreliminaryPreliminary ResultsResults

1 hop

LME1

ME1

ME1

ME1

ME1

MEn

Nme: 1..19 PDAs

Tb: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 [sec]

Tv: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 [sec]

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Tb=5

Tb=10

Tb=15Tb=20Tb=25

Nme A

bp

s

beacon dissemination

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Tv=20

Tv=40

Tv=60Tv=80

Tv=100

Nme B

bp

s

beacon dissemination

Nme PDAs

Bologna — 21.07.2004

Ordinary Operating ConditionsOrdinary Operating Conditions

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Tb=5

Tb=10

Tb=15Tb=20Tb=25

Tv=20

Tv=40

Tv=60Tv=80

Tv=100

N2hopsN2hops C D

bp

s

bp

s

beacon dissemination View dissemination

N2hops: 1..14

Tb: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 [sec]

Tv: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 [sec]LME1

ME1

ME4

ME2

ME3

ME5 ME6

ME7

ME9

ME8

ME105 PDAs

N2hops PDAs

1 hop

2 hop

Bologna — 21.07.2004

ConclusionsConclusions

The MANET scenario calls for re-thinking group membership and group communication solutions

AGAPE Group Management – Context-aware group membership management

solution suitable for MANETs. AGAPE Communication

– Context-aware group communication solution that permits to deliver messages, to tailor their format and to schedule their presentation order on the basis of context information.

Bologna — 21.07.2004

ThanksThanks

Questions?

Bologna — 21.07.2004

Group PromotionGroup Promotion

Application J/LMS BCKS PENS PS NMSVMS

Promote a Group

Request of GID/PID

Return GID/PID

Advertise Group

Setup Group View

Send Beacon

Send Beacon

Send Beacon

Generate GID/PID

Outcoming Message

Outcoming Message

Outcoming Message

Bologna — 21.07.2004

View DisseminationView DisseminationBCKS PENS NMSVMS

Request of the List of Co-Located Entities

Return the List of Co-Located Entities

Request of Permission

Return Permission

Send Group View

Receive Beacon

Receive Beacon

Receive Context-Dependent View

Incoming Message

Incoming Message

Incoming Message

Outcoming Message

Bologna — 21.07.2004

JoiningJoiningApplication J/LMS PENS PS NMSVMS

Receive Beacon

Receive Group Acknowledge

Start Sending Beacons

Receive Group View

Request to Join a Group

Incoming Message

Incoming Message

Outcoming Message

Incoming Message

Outcoming MessageSetup

Group Views

Request of the List of Co-Located LMEs

Return of the List of Co-Located LMEs

Request to Join a Group

Bologna — 21.07.2004

Any-Cast CommunicationAny-Cast CommunicationApplication CS BS VMS

Message Transcoding Request

Handler Request

View Request

HandlerReturn

Binding Entry

Request

Binding Reference

Return

Binding Setup

Send Message Find Message

Recipient

Return Message Recipient

View Return

MPMS MSS

View Request

View Return

User/Device Profile

Request

User/Device Profile Return

Possibly Message

Transcoding

Message Scheduling

Request

Possibly Message

Delay

Outcoming Message

Bologna — 21.07.2004

Receive MessageReceive MessageMSS MPMS CS Application

Incoming Message

Possibly Message

Transcoding

Message Request

Message Return

Message Transcoding

Request

VMS

User/Device Profile

Request

Possibly Message

Delay

User/Device Profile Return

Message Delivery