Daniel ImfeldDerrick KwongMark HsuMike Hu

Product Description

The Encore™ features a MIDI synthesizer and a sequencer in a portable package. It has MIDI In, MIDI Out and MIDI Thru ports to facilitate a full integration into a chain of MIDIinstruments. The user interface consists of a 256x128 graphic LCD and a 16-key keypad. A compact flash port is also included for storage of recorded MIDI files and instrument definitions.

Applications

Synthesizer

The Encore acts as a multi-timbral synthesizer, and provides sound when hooked to a MIDI instrument. It supports flexible instrument definitions which allow such parameters as envelope variation, tremolo, vibrato, and LFO frequency modulation. The user can create new instrument definitions with ease. Direct digital synthesis methods allow more than 16 simultaneously active voices.

Sequencer

Recording of MIDI data is also made possible with the Encore. It allows simultaneous playback and recording of separate MIDI files.

Storage

The Encore supports standard CompactFlash media and the FAT file system. This allows the user to read/write data directly to the card more quickly than the MIDI interface. The user can simply drag and drop MIDI files to and from the card for playback and editing.

Specifications

7.5 VdcRequired Voltage

256x128 MonochromeLCD

MIDI In, MIDI Out, MIDI Thru, Serial, Line-out, CompactFlash®

Ports

Limited only by storage size.Recording Time

4 to 6 operator FMSynthesis Method

Sine, Ramp, Square, Triangle, SawtoothSynthesis Waveform

48000 HzSample Rate

16 voicesPolyphony

FATFile System

CompactFlash®Storage

Atmel AT91RM9200Controller

SRAM

Flash

CPU CF Slot

Reset Ctrl

D/A OpAmpMAX232

Debug UARTKeypadDIP

Switches

LEDs

LCD Conn.

-15V Generator

Voltage Reg. MIDI Ports

Test Connector

MIDI InOptoisloator

SRAM

Flash

CPU CF Slot

Reset Ctrl

D/A OpAmpMAX232

Debug UARTKeypadDIP

Switches

LEDs

LCD Conn.

-15V Generator

Voltage Reg. MIDI Ports

Test Connector

MIDI InOptoisloator

Atmel AT91RM9200Speed 80-209 MHz

Speed: 180 MHz, 200 MIPSClock Source: 20 MHz Crystal and Internal Oscillation Circuitry + PLL

32.768 KHz Crystal also required for peripherals

Buses

External Memory Interface26 Address Bits, 32 Data Bits 8 Chip SelectsSupports SDRAM, SRAM, Burst FlashGlueless Connection to CompactFlash and SmartMedia

3 Synchronous Serial Controllers4 USARTSParallel Programmable I/OSD Card/MMC Interface10/100 Ethernet MAC1 USB 2.0 Full Speed Host Port1 USB 2.0 Full Speed Device PortSPITwo-Wire Interface

Subsystems

• D/A Converter• CompactFlash• Flash• SRAM• MIDI• LCD• Keypad• Sound Synthesis• FAT File System

D/A Converter• Model: Texas Instruments PCM1718• 3 Wires - Frame Sync Clock, Bit Clock, Bit Data• Voltage Levels: 3.3, 0• Bit Rate: 1.536 MHz• Frame Rate: 48000 Hz• Framing: Left-Justified I2S format

Storage

• Internal Memory– 16 KB of RAM– 128 KB Boot ROM with simple bootloader, service

code, sine and CRC tables• External Memory

– 512KB (256Kx16) Flash Memory • AT49BV4096A-90TC

– 128 KB (64Kx16) SRAM• CY7C1021CV33-10ZC

– CompactFlash

Memory

• Flash Memory– The Flash memory which stores the program code

sits on the bus, and can be read like a standard SRAM. A bootloader sits in the boot block (16K) of the flash which allows programming and loading of the main block (480K). The Flash is mapped to address 0x10000000.

• SRAM– The SRAM uses a standard bus interface. No special

code is required to interface with it. The SRAM is mapped to address 0x20000000.

CompactFlash

• Used in Memory Mapped I/O Mode.• Mapped to 0x50000000 address range• AT91RM9200 provides special glue logic

for CompactFlash interfaces.

Software – MIDI

• Designed for communication between instruments and other musical devices.

• Serial protocol at 31250 bits/sec.• Instead of sound data, MIDI uses note on/off messages

and the receiving device can react to them accordingly.• Example message:

9660144

Key PressureNote #Note ON

Software – User Interface

Model: Hyundai HG25604 (Monochrome)Size: 256x128Controller: Epson/Seiko SED1330Addressed through the External Bus Interface and memory mapped to 0x30000000 and 0x30000001.5V-Tolerant Buffer between LCD and Bus

Software – User Interface

Software – Sound Synthesis

• FM Synthesis• Oscillators control the frequency of other oscillators.• Varying amplitudes and frequencies in the controlling

oscillators create different levels of harmonics in the output, allowing a wide variety of sounds to be synthesized.

Software – File System

• FAT16• Stores MIDI files and instrument

definitions.• Widely supported, allowing easy transfer

of data between the Encore and a computer.

The End