Daniel B. Michrowski Terrance J. Quinn, IIseagrant.uaf.edu/events/2014/wakefield-bycatch/... ·...
Transcript of Daniel B. Michrowski Terrance J. Quinn, IIseagrant.uaf.edu/events/2014/wakefield-bycatch/... ·...
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Daniel B. Michrowski Terrance J. Quinn, II
University of Alaska, Fairbanks School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Fisheries Division Juneau, AK
Wakefield Fisheries Symposium, May 2014
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Background: 5 – “W’s” & How (much)
Methods – briefly
Injury categories
Influential factors
Take home message
Future efforts
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The following presentation contains
graphic images and video of
injuries inflicted on skates as a
result of fisheries interactions. The
individual skates shown here may
or may not have survived… the
determination of which is the
whole point of this project!
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Skates frequently caught and discarded by longline fleet • Usually alive with various injuries
Skates: k – selected, high trophic level predator/scavenger
Eastern Bering Sea shelf
Year-round since cooperative formed
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27 000 mt caught in 2013 • Retention typically ~30%
Longline fleet: >70% of catch
0
20
40
60
80
Pacific cod -
longline
Misc.
flatfishes -
nonpelagic
trawl
Walleye
Pollock -
pelagic trawl
Other -
longline
Other -
nonpelagic
trawl
Catc
h (0
00
’s t
ons)
Target Species - Gear Type Observed skate catch 98-08 (Stevenson and Lewis, 2010)
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100% mortality assumed • Precautionary approach
• Evidence of survival
• Previous injuries encountered at ~3%
Accurate fishing mortality rate necessary • Stock assessment
• Quota allocation
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No standard handling protocol • Ripped off hook with gaff
• “Crucified”
• “Horned-off” or brush-bar
Careful handling techniques available
www.blueoceantackle.com; www.mustad-autoline.com
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Discarded skates
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Release method frequencies
45.3%
29.4%
19.2%
6.1%
Ripped
Crucified
Brush-bar
Other
n = 772
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Data collection: two commercial vessel trips, National Marine Fisheries Service sablefish survey
Random systematic temporal sample frame •Collected from rail with pole-net or from fish trough
Four discrete injury severity categories •Skates ranked according to most severe injury
Parameters: Biological Fishing -Length -Handling method
-Disc width -Depth
-Weight -Crew member and experience
-Sex
-Species
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Removal of one or both jaws
Tears to both sets of gills
Torn body cavity
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Critical injury category “Jaws removed”
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Torn jaw
musculature
Tear to one set of gills
Body cavity puncture with exposed organs
Extensive scavenger injuries
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Deep pectoral tear
Broken jaw(s)
Tear to lower
mouth area and/or esophagus
Gill punctures Body cavity
puncture without organ exposure
Others
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All other injuries, including: • Peripheral
punctures and tears
• Punctures to mouth area
• Tears in upper and side mouth areas
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Injury category frequencies
14.9%
63.3%
14.7%
7.0%
Minor
Moderate
Severe
Critical
n = 911
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Injury score by release method
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Minor Moderate Severe Critical
Other
Brush-Bar
Ripped
Crucifier
n = 772
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Multi-dimensional contingency tables
Tested independence of injury category and: • Release method and crew member experience
• Size and species
• Sex
• Depth
Data pooled due to low sample sizes
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Release method and crew experience
(p < 0.001, n = 772) • Release method and injury score (p < 0.001)
• Crew experience and release method (p < 0.001)
Depth (p = 0.010, n = 772)
Size and species (p < 0.001, n = 911) • Confounding effects
• Includes pilot study
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Injury categorization enables mortality estimates
Release method key parameter • Avenue to reduce mortality
Other parameters may be influential – significance requires further study
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Further analysis of size and species effects • More sampling
Careful vs. Normal handling • Controlled on survey trip
Captive holding
Tagging
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Major funding source: Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center Additional support: Freezer Longline Coalition
Advisor: Terry Quinn Committee members: Gordon Kruse, Jon Heifetz Sablefish survey team, Marine Ecology and Stock Assessment, Auke Bay Laboratories, NMFS
•Captain and crew of the F/V Ocean Prowler
Aleutian Spray Fisheries
•Captain and crew of the F/V US Liberator All the faculty, staff, and students at SFOS/UAF Family and friends Symposium hosts
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Questions?