Dairy 2014: Dairy Cattle Management Practices in the United States ...
Dairy Management Dr.a.dey
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DAIRY HERD MANAGEMENTDAIRY HERD MANAGEMENT
Dr.Dr. AvijitAvijit DeyDeyB.V.ScB.V.Sc. & A.H., M.V. Sc. (NDRI), Ph.D. (IVRI). & A.H., M.V. Sc. (NDRI), Ph.D. (IVRI)
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PURPOSE OF ANIMAL REARING
MILK
MEAT
HIDE
WOOL & HAIR
FUEL & FERTILIZER (COW DUNG)
TRANSPORTATION (BULLOCK CART)
PLOUGHING
2
MILK
MEAT
HIDE
WOOL & HAIR
FUEL & FERTILIZER (COW DUNG)
TRANSPORTATION (BULLOCK CART)
PLOUGHING
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Ploughing
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Transportation
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Transportation of Milk
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Transportation
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ASPECTS OF LIVESOCK MANAGEMENT
BREEDING
FEEDING
WEEDING
HEEDING
BREEDING
FEEDING
WEEDING
HEEDING
BREEDING
FEEDING
WEEDING
HEEDING
BREEDING
FEEDING
WEEDING
HEEDINGHOUSINGHOUSING
HYGIENE & SANITATIONHYGIENE & SANITATION
CARE OF ANIMALSCARE OF ANIMALS
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BREEDING
Selection of breed
Bred at proper age
Avoid haphazard breeding
Maintain record
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Selection of breed
Bred at proper age
Avoid haphazard breeding
Maintain record
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BREEDING
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FEEDINGSorghum /maize/pearl millet 30 kg
Rice bran/wheat bran 30 kg
Groundnut cake 25 kg
Toor chuni/ gram husk: 12 kg
Mineral mixture 2kg
Composition of concentrate mixture
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Common salt 1kg
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Treatment of Straw
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Heeding (Culling)
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• Culled cow after 6th lactation• Disease; Mastitis, Brucellosis,• Injury; cut teats, damaged teats• Permanent disable cow; leg, feet• Major reproductive problems• Male calves at early age
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HOUSING
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HOUSING
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Model Cattle Shed
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Mist Cooling System
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Covered area (m2) Open area(m2)
Bulls 12 120
Cows 3.5 7.0
Floor Space Requirement
17
Cows 3.5 7.0
Down calvers 12.0 12.0
Young calvesupto 3 months
1.0 2.0
Older calves 2.0 4.0
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Management of Heifer
Monitor growth Come to heat at 18 months of age Regular deworming Regular vaccination Feeding; extra 0.5-1.0kg concentrate given
form 6 month
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Monitor growth Come to heat at 18 months of age Regular deworming Regular vaccination Feeding; extra 0.5-1.0kg concentrate given
form 6 month
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Age Determination
Time of eruption Incisors (lower jaw)
Birth – 1month All 8 temporary incisors
2yrs- 2.5 yrs 1st pair of permanent incisors
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2yrs- 2.5 yrs 1st pair of permanent incisors
3yrs- 3.5 yrs 2nd pair of permanent incisors
4yrs- 4.5 yrs 3rd pair of permanent incisors
5yrs- 5.5 yrs 4th pair of permanent incisors
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Care of Pregnant Cow
Feeding; extra 0.5-1.0kg concentrate givenform 6 month
Method of Drying (stop milking) Incomplete milking Intermittent milking Complete cessation
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Feeding; extra 0.5-1.0kg concentrate givenform 6 month
Method of Drying (stop milking) Incomplete milking Intermittent milking Complete cessation
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Care of advanced Pregnant Cow
Feeding; extra 1.0-1.5kg concentrate givenProvide mineral mixture
Provide green fodder Not chased by the dog, bull or other animals Do not allow to fight with other animals Bedding should be provided Slippery floor avoided Close watching of the animal
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Feeding; extra 1.0-1.5kg concentrate givenProvide mineral mixture
Provide green fodder Not chased by the dog, bull or other animals Do not allow to fight with other animals Bedding should be provided Slippery floor avoided Close watching of the animal
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ParturitionParturition
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ParturitionParturition
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Management of New Born CalvesManagement of New Born Calves•Remove mucous from the calf's mouth and nose.
•Vigorously rub and dry the calf with warm towels.
•Feed the calf approx. 3 liters (3 quarts) of colostrumwithin 30 minutes of birth and continue 4 days.
•Naval cord- tied 2.5cm
•Alternate to colostrum; 2 eggs +30ml castor oil
•Protection from cold weather
•Remove mucous from the calf's mouth and nose.
•Vigorously rub and dry the calf with warm towels.
•Feed the calf approx. 3 liters (3 quarts) of colostrumwithin 30 minutes of birth and continue 4 days.
•Naval cord- tied 2.5cm
•Alternate to colostrum; 2 eggs +30ml castor oil
•Protection from cold weather
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Management of New Born CalvesManagement of New Born Calves
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Management of New Born CalvesManagement of New Born CalvesColostrum Feeding
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FEEDING OF CALFFEEDING OF CALF
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Common Diseases of CalvesCommon Diseases of Calves
•Diarrhoea
•Pneumonia
•Joint ill
•Round worm infection
•Diarrhoea
•Pneumonia
•Joint ill
•Round worm infection
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Management of CalvesManagement of Calves•Removal of extra teat
•Dehorning (3-10days) ; Costic potash stick/hot ironrod
•Regular deworming (piperazine, albendazole),grooming
•Record keeping
•Removal of supernumerary teats
•Removal of extra teat
•Dehorning (3-10days) ; Costic potash stick/hot ironrod
•Regular deworming (piperazine, albendazole),grooming
•Record keeping
•Removal of supernumerary teats
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CASTRATIONYounger age (about 2 yrs of age)
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Vaccination ScheduleVaccination Schedule
Disease Vaccine Dose(mL)
Repeat Time ofvaccination
FMD Raksha-OVAC 2 I/M 6 months
HS & BQ AlumPrecipitatedVaccine
5 S/C I yr Before rainyseason
3131
HS & BQ AlumPrecipitatedVaccine
5 S/C I yr Before rainyseason
Anthrax Spore Vaccine 1 S/C 1 yr Before rainyseason
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NEWLY CALVED COWPlacenta should be expelled 2-8 hours aftercalving.Animal should not consume placentaChance of milk feverCleaning of back side of the animalsMilking regularlyCheck for possible prolapseUdder checkedNutrition
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Placenta should be expelled 2-8 hours aftercalving.Animal should not consume placentaChance of milk feverCleaning of back side of the animalsMilking regularlyCheck for possible prolapseUdder checkedNutrition
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Milk FeverMilk Fever
3333
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Reproduction ManagementReproduction ManagementHeat detection
Artificial Insemination
34
Pregnancy Diagnosis
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Heat Detection
RestlessnessAppetite depressedBellowingRise of body temperatureMucus discharge from vaginaMounting other animalsDepressed milk yieldFrequent urination
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RestlessnessAppetite depressedBellowingRise of body temperatureMucus discharge from vaginaMounting other animalsDepressed milk yieldFrequent urination
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Artificial Insemination (AI)
Why do AI?When do AI?
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Why do AI?When do AI?
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Pregnancy Diagnosis
Cessation of estrus
Tendency to grow fat
Increase body weight
Tendency to consume more feed
Sign of pregnancy
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Cessation of estrus
Tendency to grow fat
Increase body weight
Tendency to consume more feed
Symptoms of pregnancyPer-rectal examination
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Restrain of Animal
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Disposal of Manure
Alnutt’s Manure pit 4.5 quintals manure/m3
Manure transferred to the field twice a year
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3 m2
2.5 m
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Milking ManagementMilking ManagementMilking ManagementMilking Management
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PRINCIPLE OF MILK SYNTHESIS
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MILKING OF ANIMALS
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•STRIPPING
•KNUCKLING
•FULL HAND MILKING
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Machine Milking
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Machine Milking
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