DAIRY FEED REQUIREMENT - Idat Galih Permana's...

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02/12/2016 1 DAIRY FEED REQUIREMENT MK. Nutrisi Ternak Perah (NTP333) Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology Faculty of Animal Science Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Syllabus In the second week, students will learn Goals of feeding in dairy cattle, rule of feed on dairy cattle, nutrient balance in lactation cows, and nutrient Requirement for dairy cattle

Transcript of DAIRY FEED REQUIREMENT - Idat Galih Permana's...

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DAIRY FEED REQUIREMENTMK. Nutrisi Ternak Perah (NTP333)

Department of Nutrition and Feed TechnologyFaculty of Animal ScienceBogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Syllabus

In the second week, students will learn Goals of feeding in dairy cattle, rule of feed on dairy cattle, nutrient balance in lactation cows, and nutrient Requirement for dairy cattle

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Sub Topics

Goals of feeding in dairy cattle

Rule of feed on dairy cattle

Nutrient balance in lactation cows

Nutrient Requirement for dairy cattle Water, Energy,

Protein, Mineral, and Vitamin

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Goals of Feeding in Dairy Cattle

Fulfill animal requirement: Maintenance Milk Production Reproduction

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Role of Feed in Dairy Cows

Amount Nutrition & Nutritional Balance

Not FitFit

Genetic Potential is not expressed

Biological and economical

efficiency

Feeding 55% (highest)

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Energy Partition in Dairy Cow

Feed Energy

FecesUrine

Heat Increment

MilkMeat

CO2

CH4H2

Maintenance Energy

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Strength of Dairy Cattle

Able to convert fiber become energy 60 –70% energy requirement is supplied from

carbohydrate Ability to use NPN (Non Protein Nitrogen) become

high quality protein (microbial protein). 50 –67% protein is obtained from microbial

protein Able to synthesize vitamin B and K Giving daily cash Higher body weight increasing (>0.9 Kg/day) than

Balinese cow (max 0.8 Kg/day), Onggole (max 0.75 Kg/day) and Madura cow (max 0.6 Kg/day)

Feed utility and nutrition efficiency are higher than other animals

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Weakness of Dairy Cow

Produce waste energy -> methane

Wasting high quality protein (covert high quality protein during degradation into urea and lose in urine)

High milk producer cattle is often suffering from ketosis

Produce CH460 kg/year

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Lactation Curve

Normal Condition: First lactation: 24

month Length of lactation:

300 days Dry period: 2 month Calving interval: 12

month Lactation period: 10

times Peak milk yield at

month 1-2

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Typical Energy Curve in Lactation Cow

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Cow Milk Quality Curve

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT

Macro Nutrient• Water• Energy• Protein

Micro Nutrient• Mineral

(especially Ca & P)

• Vitamin

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Water

Water is the most important nutrient for dairy cattle.

It is required for all of life’s processes: transport of nutrients and other compounds to and

from cells; digestion and metabolism of nutrients; elimination of waste materials (urine, feces, and

respiration) and excess heat (perspiration) from the body;

maintenance of a proper fluid and ion balance in the body;

and provision of a fluid environment for the developing fetus

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Water Requirement

Cattle meet water requirement via three sources: drinking or free water intake (FWI), ingestion of water contained in

feed, and water produced by the body’s

metabolism of nutrients Equations for predicting FWI,

(kg/day) (Dahlborn et al., 1998): FWI = (14.3 x 1.28 x milk kg/d) +

(0.32 x DM% of diet) To produce 1 liter of milk needed

4-5 liters of water Water must be offered adlibitum

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Dry Matter (DM)

DM Water free substance Group of organic and anorganic Basic of feed formulation counting and eating

ability of animal are related to rumen volume Dry matter intake (DMI) is fundamentally

important in nutrition because it establishes the amount of nutrients available to an animal for health and production

Energy deficiency due to restricted DMI will decrease body weight and milk production, especially on lactation cattle that has high milk production.

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

DM Consumption

Depends on: Body weight Milk production Lactation stage (In the beginning of lactation (3 weeks

postpartum) consumption decrease 15%) Management Past feeding record Stress and environmental condition Body condition = Animal health Type and feed quality, especially forage (low digestibility

feed restrict consumption) Genetic = Individual Feed and animal cleanness, water availability, and

environmental sanitary

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Relationship between Milk Production Level with Feeding Amount

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Dry Matter Requirement for Lactation Cow

Milk Yield 400 500 600 700 800FCM 4%, kg % BW

10 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.915 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.220 3.6 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.425 4.0 3.5 3.2 2.9 3.730 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.2 2.935 5.0 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.140 5.5 4.6 4.0 3.6 3.345 5.0 4.3 3.8 3.550 5.4 4.7 4.1 3.755 5.0 4.4 4.060 5.4 4.8 4.3

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Milk Yield (kg)

Cow Body Weight (kg)450 550 650

% kg % kg % kg

10 2.6 11.7 2.3 12.7 2.1 13.7

20 3.4 15.3 3.0 16.5 2.8 18.2

30 4.2 18.9 3.7 20.4 3.4 22.1

40 5.0 22.5 4.3 23.7 3.8 24.7

50 5.6 25.2 5.0 27.5 4.4 28.6

Dry Matter Intake by Cows in Mid to Late Lactation

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

DMI in Early Lactation

DMI can decrease 15 -18%. Cattle will lose appetite to eat

due to After partus problem Recovery after born calf Milk fever (especially in high

production cows) Increase dry matter

consumption step by step and reach the top after week 10 -12

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Energy

Resulted by all organic substance (carbohydrate, protein, fat, crude fibre, and NFE)

Absolutely have to be exist in feed formulation as motor of metabolically activity

Energy requirement for basic need of life (kg TDN)

TDN = 35.2 g/kg BW0.75

Example: BW = 500 kg BW0.75= (500)0.75 =105,737 kg TDN (kg) = 35.2 x 105.737 = 3.721 kg

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Net Energy Lactation (NEl)

Since 2001, NRC using Net Energy as energy unit for dairy cattle.

NE is more accurate than TDN The NE required for lactation (NEL) is defined as

the energy contained in the milk produced. The NEL concentration in milk is equivalent to

the sum of the heats of combustion of individual milk components (fat, protein, and lactose).

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Protein

Feed containing nitrogen consist of Pure protein and Non Protein Nitrogen (NPN)

Protein has important role as major nutrient, required for growth, enzyme and immune system as well as milk production

Milk contain protein about 3-4%, more protein in feed will not milk protein content

Milk protein content depend on genetically aspect

CP in milk23%

CP intake3 kg/d

faces 39%

Milk yield = 20 kg/d

Protein Utilisation in Dairy Cows

urine 34%

Other losses 4%

Maxin et al., 2007

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Degradation of CP in Rumen

In rumen crude protein is degraded by microbe into ammonia (NH3), and used by bacteria as bacteria protein. In intestine hydrolyzed into AA

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Ruminal synthesized microbial CP (MCP), ruminal undegraded feed CP (RUP), and to a much lesser extent, endogenous CP (ECP) contribute to passage of metabolizable protein (MP) to the small intestine.

Metabolizable protein is defined as the true protein that is digested postruminally and the component AA absorbed by the intestine.

Protein Digestion

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Macro Minerals

The macro minerals are important structural components of bone and other tissues and serve as important constituents of body fluids.

Macro minerals play vital roles in the maintenance of acid-base balance, osmotic pressure, membrane electric potential and nervous transmission.

Most composition (90%) of body bone consist of Ca

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Calcium (Ca) Extracellular calcium is essential for:

formation of skeletal tissues, transmission of nervous tissue impulses, excitation of skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, blood clotting, and as a component of milk

Very important for growth and milk production (milk = source of organic Ca)

Ca deficiency: Boned with oxsalate, oxsalate acid abundance

froozeblood boned (complex) with patic acid Ca –Mg salt = pitin (grain, oily grain) Zn + Ca �complex, Ca can be unboned but will decrease

absorbable Zn.

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Phosphorus (P)

Phosphorus (P) has more known biologic functions than any other mineral element

About 80 percent of phosphorus in the body is found in bones and teeth. P is located in every cell of the body

Body metabolism key Have to be proportional with Ca (Ca:P =

2:1 –1:2) Mineral is required by all animal status. Micro mineral (Co, Cu, I, MN, and Zn) was

served by mineral salt.

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Vitamin

Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble (A,D,E,K) or water-soluble (B & C).

Vitamins have diverse functions including involvement: in many metabolic pathways,

immune cell function, and gene regulation

Vit B and K are synthesize in rumen Vit C is synthesize in the tissues Vit E is abundance infeed Vat D can be obtain from sun light

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Vitamin Supplementation

Addition of vitamin is done when: Forage availability and

quality is restricted Hay is not dry Too much silage used

Daily Nutrient Requirement for Lactation Cow (NRC, 2001)

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Daily Nutrient Requirement of Small Breed

Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Daily Nutrient Requirement of Large Breed

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Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Thank You

Better feed for better milk production and quality