Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy...

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Dairy Breeds and Selection

Transcript of Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy...

Page 1: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and Selection

Page 2: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview

Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle

Dairy Terms and Definitions

Parts of a Dairy Cow

Dairy Traits and Selection

Judging Contests

Page 3: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle

HolsteinBlack and White or Red and White color patternLarge sizedHeavy milk producers

Page 4: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle

JerseyColor varies (light gray to a dark fawn being darker around the head and hips)Medium sizedProduces more pounds of milk per body weight than any other dairy breed.

Page 5: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle

GuernseyRed (Fawn) and White in color

Medium sized

High milk production to feed intake ratio

Milk is high in betacarotene

Page 6: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle

Brown SwissSolid brown, varying from very light to darkLarge sizedLight colored band around the muzzleOne of the oldest Dairy breedsAbove average milkfat content

Page 7: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle

AyrshireRed and white in color (amount varies)Medium sizedPurebred Ayrshires only produce red offspringAverage milk production

Page 8: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle

Milking ShorthornRed and white or any combination of red and whiteDual purpose breedMedium sizedAverage milk producerSplit from the American Shorthorn Assoc. in 1949

Page 9: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle

Milking DevonRed in colorTriple purpose (Draft, beef, milk)Not normally raised for milk productionMedium sized

Page 10: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Major Breeds of Dairy CattleReview

Jersey

Page 11: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Major Breeds of Dairy CattleReview

Milking Shorthorn

Page 12: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Major Breeds of Dairy CattleReview

Brown Swiss

Page 13: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Major Breeds of Dairy CattleReview

Guernsey

Page 14: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Major Breeds of Dairy CattleReview

Milking Devon

Page 15: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Major Breeds of Dairy CattleReview

Ayrshire

Page 16: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Major Breeds of Dairy CattleReview

Holstein

Page 17: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and SelectionTerms

Bull-Mature male dairy animal

Cow-Mature female dairy; shows evidence of having produced one or

more calves

Heifer-Female dairy animal that has not borne a calf

Calf-Male or female dairy animal under one year of age

Steer-castrated male beef animal.

Springer -Cow showing signs of pregnancy

Page 18: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and SelectionTerms

Dairy character - characteristics indicating the animal will be useful in the dairy industry

Butterfat (milkfat)- percent of fat in the milk

Milk production -amount in pounds of milk that a cow produces during a lactation period

Lactation - span of time that a cow is giving milk

Pedigree - register of lines of ancestry

Dairy Herd Improvement records (DHI)- production records kept on producing dairy cattle

Page 19: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and SelectionTerms

Freshen-When a dairy cow gives birth to a calf

Dry Cow-A cow that is between lactations

Body Capacity-The length, depth and width of the body

Withers-The part where the shoulders and back come together

Hooks-The two bones that stick out at the hip of a dairy cow

Pins-Bones on either side of the tail at the back of the rump.

Page 20: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and SelectionTerms

Mammary system -

parts of the cow directly responsible for producing and storing milk Mammary Vein-

The vein that runs down the belly of a cow and supplies blood to the mammary system

Teats-The part of the udder where milk is made available to the young animal

Median Suspensory Ligament-The cleft or indentation that lifts and separates the two halves of the udder

and holds them in place.

Fore Udder Attachment-Muscles/ligaments where the front portion of the udder is attached to the

abdominal areas of the cow.

Rear Udder Attachement-Muscles/ligaments that hold the rear udder in place.

Page 21: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection

Milk Production FactsBreed Percent Butterfat Pounds Butterfat Pounds Milk

Production

Holstein 3.66 703 19,185

Ayrshire 3.95 569 14,398

Jersey 4.75 618 13,020

Brown Swiss 4.03 606 15,062

Guernsey 4.57 611 13,363

Think about this?1. Which breed produced the most total pounds of milk? Why do think this is so?

2. Why would butterfat be important to milk?

3. What breed produced the lowest total pounds of butterfat?

4. What would you think the most popular breed of Dairy cattle would be judging from this data? Why?

5. What is the definition of milk production? Why would a cow be lactating?

Page 22: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System)

1. Stature (measured at withers) 2. Best- extremely tall3. Worst- extremely short

2. Chest and body (considering age and stage of lactation)3. Best- wide chest, deep rib, long body 4. Worst- extremely narrow and frail

Page 23: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System)

3. Dairy character (independent of performance) 4. Best- extremely sharp5. Worst- extremely thick

6. 4. Foot and shape (angle) 7. Best- extremely steep angle8. Worst- extremely low angle

Page 24: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System)

5. Rear legs (side view) Best- extremely sickledWorst- extremely posty

6. Pelvic angle7. Best- severe slope8. Worst- pins higher than hooks

Page 25: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System)

7. Rump width Best- extreme widthWorst- extremely narrow

8. Fore udder attachment9. Best- extremely tight attachment10. Worst- extremely broken

Page 26: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System)

9. Rear udder width (at attachment) Best- extreme widthWorst- extremely narrow

10. Rear udder height (at attachment)Best- extremely highWorst- extremely low

Page 27: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System)

11. Teat placement (rear view) Best- extremely close placementWorst- extremely wide placement

12. Suspensory ligament (cleft)Best- extremely cleftWorst- cleft is broken

Page 28: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System)

13. Udder depth (relative to point of hock)

Best- extremely shallow

Worst- extremely deep

Page 29: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and Selection“Use What you have learned”

Which animal would be considered desirable? What terms would you use to describe the differences? Which animal shows the best general appearance? Are these cows or heifers? Why?

Page 30: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and Selection“Use What you have learned”

Which animal would be considered desirable? What terms would you use to describe the differences? Which shows more dairy character? What are the indicators? What about the udder?

Page 31: Dairy Breeds and Selection. Dairy Breeds and Selection Overview Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Dairy Terms and Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits.

Dairy Breeds and SelectionSuggested Activity

Aquire 3 gallons (what ever is needed for the size of the class). Milk must have the cream included. 1/2 gallon of homogenized milk. 1/2 gallon of 2% milk. A number of small dixie cups. Small glass containers with tight lids.

Discuss the differences between fresh milk and milk from the supermarket.

Divide the students into pairs of teams of 3.

Have them separate the cream out of the fresh milk.

Taste test the three samples of milk and describe the differences in writing.

Place the separated cream in the glass containers with lids.

Have the students shake the cream until it turns to butter.

Note: This activity could be team taught with the Family and Consumer Science instructor. Bread could be made available for sampling the butter. A field trip to a dairy to view the milking process are other possible activities.