From Big Data to Improvement of Daily to Seasonal Weather ...
Daily Weather Information
-
Upload
ruth-butler -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Daily Weather Information
![Page 1: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Date CurrentTemperature
WindSpeed
WindDirection
DewPoint
RelativeHumidity
BarometricPressure
Daily Weather Information
![Page 2: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Lower Layers of the Atmosphere• You study, eat, sleep,
and play in the troposphere, which is the lowest of Earth’s atmospheric layers.
1Earth’s Atmosphere
• Earth’s weather occurs in the troposphere.
![Page 3: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Energy from the Sun
• The Sun provides most of Earth's energy.
• When Earth receives energy from the Sun, three different things can happen to that energy.
2Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
![Page 4: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Energy from the Sun• Some energy is
reflected back into space.
• Some is absorbed by the atmosphere.
• Some is absorbed by land and water on Earth's surface.
2Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
![Page 5: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Heat
• Heat is energy that flows from an object with a higher temperature to an object with a lower temperature.
• Energy from the Sun reaches Earth's surface and heats it.
2Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
• Heat is eventually redistributed by air and water currents.
![Page 6: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Heat is transferred through the atmosphere in three ways—radiation, conduction, and
convection.
Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
2
![Page 7: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Radiation• Radiation is energy that is transferred in
the form of rays or waves.
• Heat from the Sun reaches Earth in the form of radiation.
2Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
• Heat is transferred from the Sun to the surface of Earth, which warms the surface of Earth.
![Page 8: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Conduction• Conduction is the
transfer of energy that occurs when molecules bump into one another. This occurs when two objects are touching.
2Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
• Heat from the surface of Earth is transferred to the air directly above the surface by conduction, causing the air directly above the surface to become warmer.
![Page 9: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Convection• Convection is
the transfer of heat by the flow of material.
• Convection currents circulate heat throughout Earth’s atmosphere.
2Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
![Page 10: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Convection
• When air is warmed, the molecules in it move apart and the air becomes less dense.
• Air pressure decreases because fewer molecules are in the same space.
2Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
• Warm air has low air pressure.
![Page 11: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Convection
• The air becomes denser and air pressure increases.
• Cold air has high air pressure.
2Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
• In cold air, the molecules move closer together.
![Page 12: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Heat is transferred through the atmosphere in 3 ways: radiation, conduction, and convection.
Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
2
![Page 13: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Forming Wind3Air Movement
Because Earth is curved, areas of Earth receive different amounts of radiation from the Sun.
![Page 14: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Forming Wind3Air Movement
• The air at the equator is warmer, less dense, and has lower pressure.
• The air at the poles is colder, denser, and has higher pressure.
• Wind is the movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.
• Differences in air pressure is what causes wind to blow.
![Page 15: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Forming Wind3Air Movement
The Sun’s uneven heating of Earth’s surface forms giant convection currents of wind.
![Page 16: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• The rotation of Earth causes moving air and water to turn to the right north ofthe equator and to the left south of the equator.
The Coriolis Effect
• This is called the Coriolis effect.
3Air Movement
![Page 17: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Global Winds
• Global winds are wind patterns caused by the giant convection currents combined with the Coriolis Effect.
3Air Movement
![Page 18: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Global Winds• Early sailors discovered that the wind
patterns on Earth helped them navigate the oceans.
3Air Movement
• Near the equator, sailors sometimes found little or no wind to move their ships, and it rained nearly every afternoon.
• The area near the equator where very little wind occurs and daily rain falls is called the doldrums.
![Page 19: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Global Winds - Surface Winds
• Air moving along Earth’s surface between the equator and 30º latitude (north and south) creates steady trade winds that blow to the west.
3Air Movement
• These are called trade winds because early sailors used their dependability to establish trade routes.
![Page 20: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Global Winds - Surface Winds
• Between 30º and 60º latitude (north and south), winds called the prevailing westerlies blow to the east, in the opposite direction from trade winds.
3Air Movement
• Prevailing westerlies are responsible for much of the movement of weather across North America.
![Page 21: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Global Winds - Surface Winds
• Polar easterlies are found near the poles.
3Air Movement
• Near the north pole, easterlies blow from northeast to southwest.
• Near the south pole, polar easterlies blow from the southeast to the northwest.
![Page 22: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Global Winds - Surface Winds
Air Movement
3
![Page 23: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Air Movement
Global Winds - Surface Winds3
![Page 24: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Global Winds - Jet Stream• Narrow belts
of strong winds, called jet streams, blow near the top of the troposphere.
3Air Movement
• The jet streams move storm systems across North America from west to east.
![Page 25: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Local Winds
• Global wind systems determine the major weather patterns for the entire planet.
3Air Movement
• Smaller wind systems affect local weather.
• If you live near a large body of water, you’re familiar with two such wind systems—sea breezes and land breezes.
![Page 26: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
A sea breeze is a convection current that blows wind from the cooler sea (high pressure) toward the warmer land (low pressure) during the day.
Local Winds - Sea and Land Breezes3Air Movement
![Page 27: Daily Weather Information](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1ae97f8b9ab05997a149/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Local Winds - Sea and Land Breezes3Air Movement
At night, the reverse occurs. Air moves off the land toward the water as the land cools more quickly than the water. This is called a land breeze.