Daily Warm up 9/13/10 1.When a person gets dehydrated what is going on inside them (besides that...
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Transcript of Daily Warm up 9/13/10 1.When a person gets dehydrated what is going on inside them (besides that...
Daily Warm up 9/13/101. When a person gets dehydrated what is going on
inside them (besides that they do not get enough water)? (Hint thing about inorganic compounds).
2. During a reaction, energy is released this is what type of reaction?
3. Define the following words: Eukaryote, Prokaryote, Organelles, Cell membrane.
4. What is one difference between a plant and animal cell
True or false:
1. A human being loses an average of 10 to 50 strands of hair a day
2. Fingers and toes wrinkle in the bathtub due to the outermost layer of the skin swelling when it absorbs water.
1.DRAW and LABEL what you think an animal cell looks like. (Include as many components
as you can, hint: nucleus)
2. DRAW and LABEL what you think a plant cell looks like.
In your lab group: Brainstorm all the parts of a cell.
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BUILDING A CLASS CELL
• Wait for my instructions of when your group will be joining our cell. Once I tell you it is your groups turn- follow the directions on the card and explain your organelle and functions.
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Basic Structure of a Cell
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Introduction to CellsIntroduction to CellsCells are the basic units of organismsCells can only be observed under
microscopeBasic types of cells:
Animal Cell Plant CellBacterial
Cell
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Number of CellsOrganisms may be:• Unicellular – composed of one cell• Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize
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Prokaryotes include bacteria & lack a nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles
Eukaryotes include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals)
Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
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ProkaryotesNucleoid region contains the DNA
•Cell membrane & cell wall
• Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell
Contain 3 basic cell structures:
•Nucleus•Cell Membrane•Cytoplasm with
organelles
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Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
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OrganelleOrganelless
Very small size
Can only be observed under a microscope
Have specific functions
Found throughout cytoplasm
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Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells
Made of protein and phospholipids
Selectively permeable
Living layerControls the movement of materials into and out of the cell
Cell membrane
Organelles Found in Cells
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Nonliving layerGives structure and shape to plant and bacterial cells
Cell wall
Cell WallCell Wall
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Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane
Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm of a Cytoplasm of a Cell Cell
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Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs
Examples: chloroplast & mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
More on More on CytoplasmCytoplasm
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Controls the normal activities of the cell
Contain the DNABound by a nuclear membrane
Contains chromosomes
Control Organelle
Nucleus
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Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes that carry genes
Genes control cell characteristics
Nucleus
More on the More on the NucleusNucleus
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Compound MicroscopeCompound Microscope
• Instrument for observing small objects
•Magnify images up to 2000X their size
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Different parts of Different parts of a microscopea microscope
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Eyepiece
Fine adjustmentArm
Stage
Condenser control knob
Base
Body tubeCoarse adjustment
Iris diaphragm
Revolving nosepiece
Objective
ClipCondenser
Mirror
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STOP: CELLS UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
ACTIVITY.
LAB 4 Guidelines and questions.
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Golgi Bodies• Stacks of Stacks of flattened flattened
sacs (pancakes)sacs (pancakes)• Have a shipping side Have a shipping side
& a receiving side& a receiving side• Receive & Receive & modify modify
proteinsproteins made by ER made by ER• Transport vesiclesTransport vesicles
with modified with modified proteins pinch off proteins pinch off the endsthe ends
Transport
vesicle
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Lysosome• Contain digestive Contain digestive
enzymesenzymes• Break down food and Break down food and
worn out cell parts for worn out cell parts for cells cells
• Programmed for cell Programmed for cell death (lyse & release death (lyse & release enzymes to break enzymes to break down & recycle cell down & recycle cell parts)parts)
• Are found in blood Are found in blood cells- can destroy cells- can destroy bacteria. bacteria.
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Nucleolus• Cell may have Cell may have 1 1
to 3to 3 nucleoli nucleoli• Inside nucleusInside nucleus• DisappearsDisappears when when
cell dividescell divides• Makes ribosomesMakes ribosomes
that make that make proteinsproteins
Ribosomes
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Scattered throughout cytoplasm and on the
rough ER.
Comprised of protein and RNA molecules
Provide structural support for RNA and aid in making
proteins
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Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumSmooth ER lacks
ribosomes & makes proteins USED In the cell. Also makes lipids.
Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT
Located close to nucleus.
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Rod shapeSite of Cellular respiration
Cell PowerhouseCell Powerhouse
mitochondria
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Active cells like muscles have more mitochondriaBurn sugars to produce energy ATP
In Animal Cells:In Animal Cells:
Mitochondria
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Contain the green pigment chlorophyll
Traps sunlight to make sugars (food)
Process called photosynthesis
Plant Cell OrganellesPlant Cell Organelles
Chloropla
st
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Dead layerLarge empty spaces present between cellulose fibers
Freely permeable
Cell wall
Plant CellPlant Cell
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Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm)
Resist entry of excess water into the cell
Give shape to the cell
Cell wall
Plant CellPlant Cell
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Have a large central vacuole
Contains cell sapSugars, proteins,
minerals, wastes, water, and pigments
Animal cells have one it is just not as large
Plant Cell OrganellesPlant Cell Organelles
Vacuole
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mitochondrion
nucleus
glycogen granule
cell membrane
cytoplasm Animal cellAnimal cell
No cell wall or chloroplast
vacuole
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Animal Cell OrganellesAnimal Cell Organelles
•Near the nucleus•Paired structures•Help cell divide
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Different kinds of Different kinds of animal cellsanimal cells
white blood cell
red blood cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
muscle cell
Amoeba
Paramecium
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Similarities between Similarities between plant cells and animal plant cells and animal
cellscellsBoth have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria
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Differences between Differences between plant cells and animal plant cells and animal
cellscellsAnimal cells Plant cells
Relatively smaller in
sizeIrregular shape
No cell wall
Relatively larger in size
Regular shapeCell wall present
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Animal cells Plant cells
Vacuole small or absent
Glycogen as food storage
Nucleus at the center
Large central vacuole
Starch as food storage
Nucleus near cell wall
Differences between Plant Differences between Plant Cells and Animal CellsCells and Animal Cells
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The cell is the Basic The cell is the Basic Unit of LifeUnit of Life
• Cell is the smallest unit of living organisms
• Unicellular organisms are made of one cell only
• The cells of multicellular organisms are specialized to perform different functions
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Levels of organizationLevels of organization
• Cells are grouped together and work as a whole to perform special functions
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Levels of OrganizationLevels of OrganizationAtomsMoleculesCELLS (muscle cells,nerve cells)TISSUES (muscle, epithelium)ORGANS (heart, lungs, stomach)
SYSTEMS (circulatory system)ORGANISM (human)
STOP: Smartboard Cell structure Review
Activity
• Study for a quiz next class on the structure and components of a cell!
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