Daily Living Self Efficacy Scale

2 0 1 3 http://informahealthcare.com/dre ISSN 0963-8288 print/ISSN 1464-5165 online Disabil Rehabil, Early Online: 1–8 ! 2013 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2013.804592 RESEARCH ARTICLE The daily living self-efficacy scale: a new measure for assessing self-efficacy in stroke survivors Annick Maujean 1 , Penelope Davis 2 , Elizabeth Kendall 1 , Leanne Casey 2 , and Natalie Loxton 3 1 Centre for Natio nal Research on Disab ility Rehabil itation Medic ine, Schoo l of Human Services and Socia l Work, Griffith University , Austr alia, 2 School of Applied Psychology and Griffith Health Institute, Australia, and 3 School of Psycho logy, The Univer sity of Queensland, Australia Abstract Purpose: To develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale (DLSES) designed to assess stroke survivors’ self-efficacy in daily functioning. Method : Two groups of participants ( N ¼424) were recruited, a stroke survivor group (n ¼259) who were recruited through two stroke associations in Australia and a non-stroke group ( n ¼165) who were the partners/carers of the stroke survivors ( n ¼93) and members of the community in Queen sland, Aust ralia (n ¼72). Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were used to assess the factor structure of the scale and investigations of internal consistency, test–retest reliability, conve rgent and discr iminant validit y were condu cted. Results: The final measure is a 12-item scale comprisin g two subsc ales: self-e ffica cy for psych osoci al funct ioning and self- effica cy for activities of daily living. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency, temporal stability and convergent validit y, and it discr imina ted well between the strok e and non-stro ke group s. Conclusion: The DLSES is a psycho metric ally sound measure of self-effic acy in psych osoci al fun ctioning and sel f-effi cacy in activities of dai ly liv ing appropriate for str oke sur vivors, regard less of level of physi cal impai rment. Implicat ions for Rehabili tation A key factor that may influence outcome following a stroke is the level of self-efficacy that stroke survivors have in their ability to function in their daily life. The DLSES provides a measure of this ability that may be useful in enhancing preparation for the return to the community. The DLSES assesses self-efficacy in two important areas of daily functioning – activities of daily living and psychosocial functioning. This new measure can be administered to stroke individuals regardless of the nature or degree of physi cal impai rment. Keywords Activities of daily living, daily living self-efficacy scale, psychosocial functioning, stroke History Received 20 April 2012 Revised 25 April 2013 Accepted 8 May 2013 Published online 19 June 2013 Introduction Stroke has prof ound and wide-ranging eff ects on the physical, psychological and social aspects of an individual’s daily life [1,2]. The focus of healthcare prof ession als, particula rly immed iately following stroke, is primarily on physical functioning. Difficulties in daily li ving, and the psyc holog ical and socia l pr oblems experi ence d fo llowing a str oke are often overlo oke d [3–6]. Whe n stro ke sur vivors leav e hos pit al and return to liv e in the community , the y are lef t to face a new reali ty which of ten inc lude s copi ng wit h phy sic al and/or cogn itiv e impairments , dependence on others, loss of identity, social isolation, diminished sel f-e steem and decr eas ed psy chol ogi cal wel l-be ing [7–9]. These issues may have devastating implications for the individual’s perception of competency and efficacy in daily living. A ke y factor in determin ing outc ome once stroke survivors are living in the community may be their belief about their ability to overcome the difficulties they encounter [10]. Self-efficacy is one’s belief in the ability to perform in ways that give one control over events that affect one’s life [11]. It is not a measure of the skills one has but rather the belief about what one can do under different sets of conditions with whatever skills one possess [11]. According to Bandura [12], self-efficacy should always refer to the particular task or specific behavior that is being predicted. In other words , he concept uali zed self -ef ficacy as primaril y a situation- or domain-specific belief. Although preliminary research into the relationship between self-efficacy and recovery from stroke indicates that high self- ef fic acy has a posi tiv e influe nce on an indiv idual ’s lev el of physical functioning [2,13,14], there has been little research to date int o the rel ati onship between self -ef ficacy and oth er important domains of functio ning; namely, the psychological, social and instrumental aspects of daily living. Theoretically, the Addr ess for correspond ence: Annick Maujean , PhD, Centre for National Res ear ch on Disabi lity Rehabil itation Medicin e, School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Q 4131, Australia. Tel: +61 07 338 21046. Fax: +61 07 338 21414. E-mail: [email protected]

Daily Living Self Efficacy Scale

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