Daily Life (1600-1800)

I. IntroII. Society’s StructureIII. Nobility

A. England vs. FrenchIV. The “Masses”

A. Mortality RatesB. FamilyC. Women’s LivesD. Peasant Life

• Pugachev RebellionE. Urban Workers &

GuildsF. Fun/Entertainment

Key Terms• Bourgeoisie• Family Economy• Cottage Industry• Dowry• Corvée• Emelian

Pugachev• Apprentice• Journeyman• Master

Bourgeoisie

• General term for “middle class” (primarily in France)

• Included shopkeepers, skilled workers, business owners, bankers, etc.

Nobles/Lords: 1-5%

Clergy: 5-10%

Bourgeoisie: 5-10%

The “Masses” 75-85%

Nobility in England & France

England• About 400 families

(House of Lords)• Passed all laws

France• Nobles of Sword

(served the king); Nobles of Robe (purchased a title)

• Nobles did not pay taxes!

• Bolshoi Ballet started as a dance school in 1700s

• Theater opened in 1800s

Bolshoi Theater, Moscow

The Nobility & Fun

• Gambling, adultery, hunting, tennis, opera, ballet, dances & elaborate dinner parties, salons, etc.

• Food: Breads and wine/hard liquor & coffee; greater amounts of food were available & exotic spices

French Nobility(Dress & Manners)

Men wore wigs; 1,200 shops

The diameter of some dresses was nine feet across

Culottes (Knee breeches)

The Masses: Mortality Rates

• Average life expectancy: 15-20 years shorter for the “Masses” than nobility (Hôtel Dieu)

• Disease & Accidents = biggest killers

• Diet was monotonous & not balanced:

Staples-Black bread & beer

For most, very little meat or fresh vegetables

Hospital For The Poor

Family Life

• Men/Fathers: Plowing, planting, running a shop; also became migrant workers

• Women/Mothers: “Carriers,” childrearing/ raising, “Deputy Husbands; earned extra $$$

Peasant Family in France

• Children: Laborers (age seven)– 25% of infants died before

age one; 55% before age ten• Servants: Laborers, but weren’t

slaves

Cottage Industry

• Spinning Wheel• Women set their own

pace & made extra money

Girl With A Pearl Earring

• She worked as a servant to help earn money for her family

• Others might work to earn money for a dowry

Griet

Women

• Dowry

Childbirth & Abandonment; many women worked as “wet nurses” or prostitutes (40-60,000 in Paris)

“Rule of Thumb”

It was legal to beat one’s wife with a stick as long as the stick was no thicker than the husband’s thumb

–Women often worked 10 years to build their dowry

–Wealth given by a bride to her husband upon marriage

Peasant Life

• About 75% of Europe’s population lived as peasants/serfs.

• Peasants “rented” land from Nobles.• Peasants could be bought, sold & traded.

Tax System In France

• Nobles & Clergy-did not pay taxes; Peasants & Bourgeoisie paid taxes

Those with the least wealth paid the most in taxes

Corvée: Peasants worked 12-15 days of unpaid labor per year for the state (roads, bridges, etc)

Pugachev Rebellion(1773-1774)

• A former soldier who led a mass rebellion attacking serfdom & monarchy of Catherine the Great.

• Controlled a large area in eastern Russia including Kazan.

Emelian Pugachev

(c. 1742-1775)

• He was captured, tortured and executed; ending the rebellion.

Guild System(Early industry)

• Master- Shop-owner (if they had enough money & connections).

• Journeyman- After completing seven year apprenticeship they could receive “Journeyman Papers.” Received wage plus room & board.

• Apprentice-worked for room & board only (seven year term), but with a hope of advancement.

• Unskilled Laborer -received room & board with little or no hope of advancement.

Master

Journeymen

Apprentice

Unskilled Laborers

“The Masses” & FunPublic Punishments

Fun: For Rich & PoorGambling/Card-playing, Casinos, Lottery

“The Masses” & FunGambling On Cockfights

Razor-sharp

“The Masses” & FunTaverns

In London, the average male consumed 100 gallons of beer or ale per year (one quart per day).

“The Masses” & FunReligious Ceremonies: A Christening

“The Masses” & FunSoccer

Daily Life (1600-1800)

I. IntroII. Society’s StructureIII. Nobility

A. England vs. FrenchIV. The “Masses”

A. Mortality RatesB. FamilyC. Women’s LivesD. Peasant Life

• Pugachev RebellionE. Urban Workers &

GuildsF. Fun/Entertainment

Key Terms• Bourgeoisie• Family Economy• Cottage Industry• Dowry• Corvée• Emelian

Pugachev• Apprentice• Journeyman• Master