Daily Journal #21 – October 12, 2010 1. Why do marine plants only live within 100 meters of the...

Daily Journal #21 – October 12, 2010

1. Why do marine plants only live within 100 meters of the surface?

2. Which of the following is used most to produce electricity in the US: hydroelectric dams, nuclear power, natural gas, coal, or oil?

Cooling picture = jack rabit ears

Light levels – plants must use photosynthesis to manufacture their food – beyond 100 meters in depth there is inadequate (or no) light

Coal – 53%, nuclear energy 21%, natural gas 16%, hydroelectric dams 7%, oil 2%

3. For what reason other than hearing do desert jack rabbits have long ears? Hint: what other function might the ears serve?


Apple – founded by Steven Jobs

1. What computer company is named after its founder’s fond memories of a summer spent in Oregon orchards?

2. Unlike most other fish, sharks have no: bones, teeth, or gills?

flexible but firm cartilage, not bones, gives shark bodies rigidity

3. Find the misfit: Gobi, Sahara, Mediterranean, Mohave.

Gobi Desert (China), Sahara Desert (N. Africa), Mohave Desert (SE California)Picture = onion cell dividing


North Pole

1. At what point on Earth does movement in any direction result in traveling south?

2. Which of the following cannot be symmetrical: heart, star, mitten, or butterfly?

3. Find the misfit: Dragon, Unicorn, Sea Horse, & Mermaid.Sea Horse is real marine organism (a fish) – Dragons, Unicorns, & Mermaids are mythical (fictitious/not real) creatures

Picture = sea horse


1. The mathematical symbol for infinity is which of the following: €, ∞,♀, or ♂?

€ = Euro, ♀ = female, ♂ = male

2. What does a seismograph measure?

Earthquake intensity

3. How many cells are there in the human body: 75 thousand, 75 million, 75 billion, or 75 trillion?

Picture = butterfly wing scales


2. True or False? 10 = 75,000,000,000,0000

1.Unless it’s a long non-stop flight, an airplane usually does not take off with a full tank of jet fuel. Why?

Extra fuel = more weight = more fuel needed to fly plane - 50 fewer lbs. = $1 million saved/year/plane – American Airlines does not paint its planes, result is 400 lb. lighter plane

Any and all numbers with an exponent of zero (any numbers raised to the zeroth power) = 1

3. What do the prefixes mort- & poly- mean?Mort = death [mortuary, mortician, mortal]

Poly = many [polygon, polymer (a chemical chain made up of many of the same repeating units)]Picture = fungus on human eyelash


3. What do the prefixes geo- & dorm- mean? [hint from Spanish (& French) dormir]

Geo – earth – geology (Earth science), geography (mapping/studying of Earth’s features)Dorm – sleep – dormitory, dormant life form such as a plant seed Picture = dental plaque

1.Which of the following is a nerve cell: neutron, neuron, or newton?

neutron is particle in nucleus of an atom, newton is a unit measuring amount of force

2. How many nerve cells are present in an adult human brain: 100 thousand, 100 million, or

100 billion? number in a nematode (simple worm) ≈ 300


1. True or False? A triangle can have only one 90° angle. 3 angles in a triangle must equal 180° - 2 angles

totaling 180° would not permit a third angle – also, two 90° angles would produce parallel lines (which never meet)

2. Bees perform a flying “waggle dance” to communicate what information to other bees?

Direction of a food source

3. True or False? There are land animals that can get by with drinking no water.

kangaroo rat has super efficient kidneys that can recycle water back into its body – this plus the water contained in its solid food is adequate to keep it alive

Picture = kidney


3. What are the common names for a dried grape & a dried plum?

raisin & prune respectively

2. Humans are what percent water by weight: 20%, 27%, 52%, or 60%?

percentage for women is slightly higher than men

1. Which was invented first: the wheel or the chariot?

a chariot requires wheels so wheels had to come first

1st

1st

2nd

2nd Picture = house fly foot


Many continental plate boundaries (where volcanic activity is high) are under world’s oceans

1. True or False? The first electronic digital computer weighed over 30 tons (60,000 lbs.).

named ENIAC switched on by scientists in Philadelphia at U. of Pennsylvania in 1946 (ENIAC = Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator)

2. True or False? 90% of Earth’s volcanic activity occurs on the ocean floor.

3. What is a circadian rhythm?

Repeating cycle of biological activity tied to 24 hour day/night period picture = ENIAC


1. What is 1,000 ÷ .001? 1,000,000

2. What blue food product has recently been proved to be more nutritious that its white food product “cousin”?

Blue corn tortillas – 25% more protein & 9% more starch than white corn tortillas

3. Milk cartons say that the product inside has been pasteurized. What does that mean?

Milk has been boiled to kill off potentially harmfulbacteria – named after Louis Pasteur, French scientistwho invented the process picture = Mr. Chapel


1.True or False? True geographic north and magnetic north is the same at all locations.

the Earth is a giant magnet whose magnetic north pole is located hundreds of miles away from its geographic north pole

2. What fundamental force of nature is responsible for the operation of a compass?

3. What international sports championship is held annually in Williamsport, Pennsylvania?

Little League World SeriesPicture = movement of Earth’s N & S magnetic pole

Magnetism – magnetic fields are created by molten (liquid) metals such as iron in Earth’s core


1. When did the World Wide Web become available for public use: 1963, 1970, 1993, or 2003?prior to 1993 the World Wide Web was limited to theacademic researchers developing it

2. How much less energy do compact fluorescent light bulbs use as compared to standard incandescent bulbs: 10%, 24%, 57%, or 75%?

much of the electrical energy used in traditional incandescent bulbs is “wasted” as heat

3. Find the sum of 1.0, 1, .101, .001, .11, & .1101.

2.3221Picture = computer chip with dust particle


2. According to the Centers for Disease Control, what is the leading cause of disability in the US?

Arthritis

1. What do the prefixes arth- & chlor- mean?Arth = joint (Arthritis - inflammation & deterioration of the joints between bones that can make movements extremely painful – affects 1/5 of adults – arthroscopic surgery) Chlor = green (chlorophyll, chloroplasts, chemical element chlorine (Cl) (a green gas in its pure state))

3. What is the leading type of cancer death among both men and women?

caused primarily by use of tobacco productsPicture = normal & arthritic foot

Lung cancer


1. What do the prefixes mono- & trans- mean?Mono = one (Monopoly, monotonous, monorail, monologue, monocle)

Trans = across (Transport, trans-Atlantic, transparent)

2. True or False? Living organisms have been found on Earth in water as hot as 235 degrees F.

3. Mercury (Hg) is no longer used in many thermometers. Why and what has replaced it?

Mercury highly toxic (nerve poison) – replaced by alcohol term “Mad Hatter” or “mad as a hatter” comes from hat makers being exposed to mercury formerly used in manufacturing of hatsPicture = Mr. Peanut wearing monocle

Daily Journal #35 – November 1, 2010

1. What do the prefix auto- & suffix –duct mean?Auto = self (automobile, automatic, autobiography)Duct = channel, passage way (aqueduct, Tilghman St. viaduct, heating or electrical duct, duct tape)

2. How many chambers are in your heart?4 – left & right ventricle and left & right atrium – 100k beats & 2,000 gallons pumped per day

3. The fastest manned aircraft is the X-15 which travels at nearly Mach 7 speed? What is Mach speed? Mach = speed of sound in air = 330

m/sec = 760 mph ---- X-15 speed = 5,100 mph Picture = Roman-built aqueduct


1. What do the prefixes mal- & semi- mean?Mal = bad, sick (Malady, malformation, malignant, malpractice, malnutrition)

Semi = half (Semicolon, semicircle)

2. Why do we have a leap day (leap year) every 4 years? 1 revolution of the Earth around Sun

takes 365.25 days

3. True or False? Color pictures in newspapers & magazines are made of tiny dots of just 4 colors.

4 colors are cyan (greenish blue), yellow, magenta (reddish purple), & black.Picture = 10/31/38 New York Times


But, electric cars may indirectly pollute the air if coal is used to generate the electricity to charge/recharge their batteries

1. Which do not directly pollute the air: motorcycles, airplanes, electric cars, gasoline-powered lawn mowers?

2. What’s another term for a machine which performs “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation”?

LASER – Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation3. Which term refers to cows & oxen: canine, feline,

bovine, or porcine? canine = dog family (dogs, wolves)feline = cat family (cats, lions, tigers, panthers)

porcine = pigs picture = laser cutting steel

Daily Journal #38 – November 4, 20101. Why do microbes (microscopic bacteria, fungi, viruses) mutate (undergo changes in their genetic material/DNA) much faster in space?

2. If a spacecraft could theoretically be cleaned of all microbes (they cannot), the introduction of what would “re-contaminate” them anyway.

3. T or F? Astronauts gain 2 to 3 inches of height in space (and lose it upon return to Earth).On Earth, “spongy” discs in backbone compress under force of gravity when standing upright – lengthening also occurs to a smaller degree on Earth when you lay down in bed at night (if you measure carefully you may detect a ½ to 1 inch increase in your height) picture = spinal vertebrae & disc

Astronauts

No atmosphere to block harmful radiation (which can lead to DNA mutations)

Daily Journal #39 – November 5, 20101. What do the prefixes ov- & hypo- mean?

3. How much pollen can a bee carry compared to its weight: 1/6, 1/3, ½, 2x, or 3x?

Ov = egg – ovary, ovalHypo = under, beneath – hypodermic (needle), hypothermia

2. True or False? Organisms have survived in space for years without any protective devices or coatings.

bacteria were present on unmanned spacecraft Surveyor 3 which landed on Moon (1967) – a few years later Apollo 12 crew recovered the bacteria & brought them back to Earth – bacteria survived radiation, vacuum, extreme cold and no immediate water or energy source – think back to seed dormancy

Picture = Pollen on sunflower petal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anthidium_February_2008-1.jpg


Global warming - trapping of heat in the atmosphere causing a general overall rise in temperature worldwide

1. What is another term for the atmospheric condition known as the “Greenhouse Effect”?

2. True or false? Only one gas is responsible for the Greenhouse Effect.Carbon dioxide (primarily from burning fossil fuels [coal, oil, natural gas]), water vapor, & methane (from animal wastes) – methane = a big deal – 1.3 billion cattle & 2 billion pigs worldwide

3. If all polar ice caps and mountain glaciers melted due to the Greenhouse Effect, what is the resulting estimated rise in ocean levels: 80 mm, 80 cm, or 80 m? 80 m (= 262 feet, elevation of Allentown = 338 feet)Picture = map of flooded PA, NJ, DE, & MD

Daily Journal #21 – October 12, 2010 1. Why do marine plants only live within 100 meters of the...

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