Dai Tri Do Luan 1 - HT Thien Sieu Dich

8/3/2019 Dai Tri Do Luan 1 - HT Thien Sieu Dich

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( Mahprajnparamitsatra)Tc gi:Ngrjuna (Long Th)

Dch Phn ra Hn:Cu Ma La ThpVit Dch HT.Thin Siu

Vin Nghin Cu Pht Hc Vit Namn hnh 1997

---o0o---Ngun

http://www.quangduc.comChuyn sang ebook 10-6-2009

Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin [email protected]

Link Audio Ti Websi te http://www.phatphaponline.org

Mc LcCun 1

Duyn Khi LunCHNG 1:GII THCH: NH TH, NG VN, NHT THICHNG 2 :GII THCH: TNG THUYT NH TH NG VN

Cun 2CHNG 3 :GII THCH: B-GI-B

Cun 3CHNG 4 :GII THCH: TR VNG-X THNH

CHNG 5 : GII THCH: CNG MA-HA T-KHEO TNGChng 6 : GII THCH: "NGHA BA CHNG"

Cun 4CHNG 7 : GII THCH: B-TT

Cun 5CHNG 8 : GII THCH: "MA-HA TT-A"CHNG 9 :GII THCH: "B-TT CNG C"

Cun 6
http://www.phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Tinh%20Tong/Luan/Dai%20Tri%20Do%20Luan%20-%20TT%20Thich%20Thien%20Tri/http://www.phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Tinh%20Tong/Luan/Dai%20Tri%20Do%20Luan%20-%20TT%20Thich%20Thien%20Tri/


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CHNG 10 : GII THCH: "MI D"Cun 7

CHNG 11 :GII THCH: PHT TH GII NGUYNCHNG 12 : GII THCH: TAM MUICHNG 13 : GII THCH: PHNG QUANG

Cun 8Cun 9CHNG 14 : GII THCH: HIN PH THNCHNG 15 : GII THCH: MI PHNG CH B-TT N

Cun 10Cun 11

CHNG 16 : GII THCH: X-LI-PHT NHN DUYNCHNG 17 : GII THCH: N BA-LA-MTCHNG 18 :GII THCH: TN THN N BA-LA-MTCHNG 19 : GII THCH: TNG CA N BA-LA-MT

CHNG 20 : GII THCH: N BA-LA-MT PHP THCun 12Cun 13

CHNG 21 : GII THCH: THI BA-LA-MTCHNG 22 : GII THCH: NGHA CA GII TNGCHNG 23 : GII THCH: TN THN NGHA THI-LA BA-LA-MT

Cun 14Gii Thch : B TH BA-LA-MTCHNG 24 :GII THCH: SN- BA-LA-MT

Cun 15GII THCH: SN- BA-LA-MT PHP NHNCHNG 25 :GII THCH: T-L-GIA BA-LA-MT

Cun 16GII THCH: TINH TN BA-LA-MT

Cun 17CHNG 26 : GII THCH: THIN BA-LA-MT

Cun 18CHNG 27 : GII THCH: BT-NH BA-LA-MTCHNG 28 : GII THCH: TNG BT-NH

Cun 19CHNG 29 :GII THCH: 37 PHM TR O

Cun 20CHNG 30 :GII THCH: BA TAM MUI, BN THIN, BN V LNGTM, BN V SC NHKHI QUT S TRUYN DCH KINH BT-NHKINH BT-NH PHN BN

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Cun 1

Duyn Khi Lun

"ng ln Tr , Pht kho n,Bin ln Tr , Pht thu sut,

Ngha, tng Tr , Pht v ngiKnh l Pht, Tr v ng.

Ht kin c khng, dt khng cn,Tht tng cc php, Pht ni,Thng tr bt hoi, sch phin no.

Knh l Php, m Pht tn trng.Bin c Thnh chng lm rung phc,Bc hc, v hc trang nghim, sch ging i ca i sau,

Ng s dt, cn tr.

x cc s nghip th gian,L tr x ca cc cng c.Ti thng gia tt c chng hi,

Knh l chn tnh i c Tng.

nht tm cung knh Tam Bo,Cc bc cu th: Ngi Di-lc (Maitreya)Tr tu nht: X-li-pht (Sriputta),V trnh khng hnh: Tu-b- (Subhti)

Ti nay theo sc mun din ni,Ngha tht tng i tr b kia.Nguyn cc i c, bc Thnh tr,Nht tm kho thun nghe ti ni".

Hi:

* V nhn duyn g m Pht thuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt? Phptc ca ch Pht khng v v s v nhn duyn nh m t ging php; cngnh ni Tu-di (Sumeru) cng khng v v s v nhn duyn nh mrung


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ng. Vy, nay c nhn duyn to ln g m Pht thuyt Kinh i Bt-nhBa-la-mt?

p:

* trong Tam Tng, Pht dng loi th d thuyt php cho hngThanh-vn m khng thuyt n B-tt o. Duy trong kinh Bn-mt(Prvaparntka sutra) ca Trung-A-hm (Madhyam), Pht tuy c th kcho B-tt Di-lc rng: "i sau ng s c thnh Pht hiu l Di-lc", mcng khng ni n B-tt hnh. Nay Pht mun ging cc B-tt hnhcho Di-lc v.v cho nn thuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt.

* Li na, c v B-tt tu Nim Pht tam mui, Pht mun khin h ivi Tam mui ny c tng ch, nn thuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt.

Nh Phm u trong kinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt ni: "Pht hin thn tc,phng ra nh sng sc vng chiu khp mi phng th gii nhiu nh ctsng Hng. Th hin thn ln, sng sut trong sch, cc th sc p ykhp h khng, Pht gia chng, oan chnh th diu khng ai snh kp;th nh ni cha Tu-di ni gia bin c, cc B-tt nh thy s thn bin caPht, nn tng thm li ch i vi Nim Pht tam mui. V l , PhtthuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt.

* Li na, B-tt (Tt-t-a) lc mi sanh, phng ra nh sng ykhp c mi phng, i by bc, nhn khp bn phng, vi m thanh

nh S t rng, Ngi thuyt bi k:

"Phn thai sanh ht,y l thn cui cngTa c gii thot,S li chng sanh".

Sau khi pht th nh vy, thn Ngi ln dn, Ngi mun t b thnthuc, xut gia tu o. Na m thc dy, nhn thy cc ca nhi, hu phi, thn, hnh trng nh thy thi, Ngi lin sai Xa-nc (Chandaka) thng con

Nga trng, na m vt thnh, i c mi hai do tun, n trong cnhrng c v tin nhn tn Bt-gi-b (Bhrgav) ang , ly dao ct tc, ci y

phc qu gi i ly o Tng-gi-l th xu, ri bn sng Ni-lin-thuyn(Nairnjana), su nm tu kh hnh, ngy n mt ht m hoc mt ht go,nhng t ngh: "y khng phi l Chnh o". By gi B-tt b ch tukh hnh, n di gc B-, ngi ta Kim-cang. Ma vng em mitm c vn chng n ph hoi B-tt, B-tt dng sc cng c v tr


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tu hng phc bn Ma m chng qu V thng B-. By gi v vua trici Phm-thin, cha t ca ba ngn i thin th gii, tn l Thi-kh(Sikkin) cng vi ch thin ci Sc, Thch--hon-nhn cng vi chthin ci Dc v T-thin-vng cng n trc Pht, khuyn thnh Thtn khi u quay bnh xe Chnh php. Li v B-tt nh n s nguyn it i bi ca mnh nn nhn li thnh cu m thuyt php. Php su xa trongcc php l Bt-nh Ba-la-mtvy. V th Pht thuyt Kinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt.

* Li na, c k hoi nghi rng Pht khng chng c Nht thit tr,v c sao? V cc php v lng v s, lm sao mt ngi m c th bit ttc cc php? Pht tr trong php Bt-nh Ba-la-mt tht tng thanh tnhnh h khng, v lng v s, m t ni ln li chn tht rng: "Ta l bc

Nht thit tr, mun dt ht thy nghi ng ca chng sanh"; v th Pht

thuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt.

* Li na, c nhng chng sanh ng c , nhng v i cng cv tr tu ca Pht v lng, kh bit kh hiu, do h b c s m hoc,tm m chm trong t php, khng vo c Chnh o. V hng ngi ,Pht khi tm i t, dui tay i bi cu vt, a vo Pht o. Do mPht t th hin ra cng c ti diu, pht ra i thn lc, nh trong S phmca Kinh Bt-nh Ba-la-mt ni: "Pht nhp vo Chnh nh tn l Tammui vng. Khi ra khi Chnh nh, Pht dng Thin nhn qun khpmi phng th gii, khp cc l chn lng ca Ngi u mm ci, v t

di bn chn c tng nghn bnh xe ca Ngi pht ra su trm ngn vnc nh sng mu, chiu khp mi phng v lng v s th gii cach Pht nhiu nh ct sng Hng, lm cho tt c u chi sng". Pht muntuyn th tht tng ca ht thy cc php, on tr nghi kt ca ht thychng sanh, nn thuyt Kinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt.

* Li na, c ngi c t, m lng tt , ph bng rng: "Tr tu caPht khng ra khi (tr tu ca) loi ngi, m ch dng huyn thut lm mhoc i". V dt lng cng cao t mn ca nhng ngi , nn Pht

hin ra v lng thn lc, v lng tr tu lc, t trong Bt-nh Ba-la-mt,t ni ln rng" "Ta l ng c y v lng thn thng phc c, tnqu nht trong ba ci, che ch cho tt c. Nu ai pht mt nim c th mc

phi v lng ti, nu pht mt nim tnh tn th c hng phuc lc cingi, ci tri, v chc s c qu Nit-bn". Li v mun khin mi ngitn th Chnh php, nn ni: "Ta l i s, c Mi lc, Bn v s y,ng hng Thnh cha, tm c t ti, vi m thanh nh S t hng m


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quay bnh xe Chnh php, l ti tn thng trong tt c th gii". Li na,Pht Th Tn v mun cho chng sanh hoan h m ni Kinh Bt-nh Ba-la-mt ny, rng: "Cc ngi nn sanh tm hoan h ln. V c sao? V ht thychng sanh u b mc trong li t kin, b bn c s d hc lm m hoc;cn Ta th t trong li t kin c s m ra khi, l bc i s Mi lc,kh c th gp, nay cc ngi gp c, Ta s theo thi khai m ccPhp tng thm o nh By mi by phm tr o v.v nh vy ccngi mc tnh thu lm. Li na, ht thy chng sanh v bnh kit s gyra phin no. T khi c sanh t n by gi, khng ai tr c bnh y, lithng b ngoi o c s m hoc. Ta nay ra i lm i y vng, tp hpcc th php dc, cc ngi hy ung i". V th Pht thuyt Kinh i

Bt-nh Ba-la-mt.

* Li na, c ngi ngh: "Pht cng nh ngi, cng c sanh t, chu

s i kht, lnh nng, gi bnh". Pht mun tr ngh nn thuyt Kinhi Bt-nh Ba-la-mtny, khai th rng: "Thn Ta l khng th ngh ngh,cc Phm thin vng v T ph ch thin, d tri qua kip s nhiu nh ctsng Hng, mun suy lng thn Ta, tm xt m thanh Ta, cn khng thtrc lng, hung l tr tu tam mui ca Ta?", nh k ni:

"i tt tng cc php,Cc hng Phm-thin-vng,

Ht thy cha tri t,M m khng th bit.

Php y rt thm diu,Khng ai o lng c.Pht ra i khai m,Sng nh mt tri chiu".

* Li nh khi Pht Chuyn xe php ln u tin, B-tt ng-tr t thaphng n mun trc lng thn Pht, vt ln qu h khng v lng ciPht, n th gii ca Pht Ha-thng, m thy thn Pht vn y nh vy,

bn ni k:

"H khng khng bin t,Cng c Pht vn th,

Du mun lng thn Pht,Ung cng khng lng c.Vt qu ci h khng,V lng cc ci Pht,


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Thy thn Thch S t,Vn nh c khng khc.Thn Pht nh ni vng,

Din xut nh sng lnTng tt t trang nghim,

Nh hoa n ma xun".

Nh thn Pht v lng, nh sng v m hng cng v lng. Cccng c v Gii, nh, Tu ca Pht cng u v lng, nh Tam Mt trong kinh Mt Tch, trong c ni rng.

Li, khi Pht mi sanh, chm n t lin i by bc, ming t ctting ni, ni xong lng im nh cc tr nt, khng i, khng ni, ba nmc mm sa, cc b m nui nng, dn dn ln khn; nhng thn Pht th

v s trong khp cc th gian, v chng sanh m hin lm k phm phu.Song k phm phu khi sanh, thn phn, cc cn v thc cha thnh tu,bn oai nghi ni thn l ngi, nm, i, ng v ni nng, thinh nn cng cccch thc ca con ngi u cha hiu r. Tri qua ngy thng nm dn dnhc tp mi cc cch thc ca ngi, ch sao nay Pht mi sanh ra linc th ni c, i c, ri sau mi khng th ni v i? iu ny tht ll? Nn bit, ch v Pht dng phng tin lc hin thn lm theo cch thcca ngi, i ng nm ngi nh ngi khin chng sanh tin theo phpthm diu. Nu B- tt khi mi sanh m i dc, ni c, ngi i tts ngh: "Nay mi thy ngi nh vy, th gian cha tng c. y chc l

Tri, Rng, Qy, Thn. Nhng iu ngi y hc khng phi l iu chngta lm c, v c sao? V nhc thn sanh t ca chng ta do b nghip kips li ko, khng c t ti nn nhng iu su nh vy ca ngi y aim theo ni?" V ngh nh th nn h tuyt vng, khng c thnh phpkh ca Thnh hin. V hng ngi m Pht sanh ra trong vn Lm-t-ni, tuy c th i n ngay di chn ci B- m thnh Pht, song Ngi vndng sc phng tin, th hin lm hi ng, u th, thiu nin ri thnhnhn. Theo tng thi k m hng th s vui chi, hc tp ngh thut, trang

phc, hng th ng dc, cch thc ca ngi thng, dn dn thy s

kh gi bnh cht m sanh tm nhm chn, na m vt thnh xut gia, in ch ca tin nhn Ut-c-gi (Udraka) v A-la-la (lala) th hin lm t, nhng khng thc hnh theo php ca cc v y. Tuy thng dngthn thng, t nh i trc, tr gii hnh o trong thi c Pht Ca-dip,m nay vn th hin tu kh hnh su nm cu o. B tt tuy lm ch bangn i thin th gii, m vn th hin dp ph ma qun, thnh V thngo; v ty thun theo php th gian, nn hin ra cc bin ha . Nay


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trong Bt-nh Ba-la-mt th hin i thn thng v tr hu lc. Cc nginn bit thn Pht nhiu v s khp cc th gian.

* Li na, c ngi ng c m hoc v ri vo chp kin nhbin, hoc v v tr nn ch cu ci khoi lc ni thn; hoc c ngi v om tu theo kh hnh. Nhng ngi nh th, i vi nht ngha, h b mt

phn Nit-bn chnh o. Pht mun ph hai li cc oan , a h voTrung o, nn thuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt.

* Li na, phn bit qu bo cng dng sanh thn v php thn nnthuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt.Nh ni trong phm X-li thp.

* Li na, v mun ging thuyt A-b-bt-tr v tng ca A-b-bt-tr.Li v mun ni r Ma huyn, Ma ngy, Ma s. Li v nhn duyn ngi

i ng lai cng dng Bt-nh Ba-la-mt. Li v mun th k chohng Tam tha, nn thuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt. Nh Pht bo A-nan: "Sau hi Ta bt Nit-bn, Bt-nh Ba-la-mt ny s truyn n phng

Nam, t phng Nam truyn n phng Ty. Sau nm trm nm (Phtlch) s truyn n phng Bc. y c nhiu thin nam, thin n nhn tin

php cng dng cc th hoa hng, anh lc, trng phan, k nhc, n sng,trn bo, cng cc ti vt khc; hoc t chp, hoc khuyn ngi khc chp,hoc c tng, hoc nghe ging thuyt, chn chnh ghi nh, tu hnh, ng

php m cng dng. Ngi ny nh nhn duyn m hng th cc thcc lc ca th gian v n i cui cng th chng Tam tha m vo V d

Nit-bn". Nhng vic nhn duyn nh vy, xem trong tc phm ca kinh.Th nn thuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt.

* Li na, v mun thuyt tng nht ngha Tt-n, nn PhtthuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt. C bn th Tt-n: Mt l Th giiTt-n, hai l Cc cc v nhn Tt-n, ba l i tr Tt-n, bn l nhtngha Tt-n. Trong bn Tt-n tng nhip ht thy mi hai b kinh,tm vn bn ngn Php tng, u l tht khng tri ngc nhau. Trong Pht

php tt c u tht. C php tht v theo Th gii Tt-n, c php tht vtheo Cc cc v nhn Tt-n, c php tht v theo i tr Tt-n, c phptht v theo nht ngha Tt-n.

- Sao gi l Th gii Tt-n? (Tt n theo ngha ph thng). V cnhng php theo nhn duyn ha hp nn c, ch khng c tnh bit lp. Vnh xe, do c cng, nhp, trc, bnh ho hp li nn c, ch khng c chic


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xe ring. Con ngi cng nh th, do nm un (ng chng) ha hp nn c,ch khng c con ngi ring.

Hi: Nh Pht ni: "Ta dng Thin nhn thanh tnh thy cc chngsanh cht ch ny sanh ch kia, chu qu bo ty theo nghip thin c.

Ngi c nghip thin th sanh trong loi tri, ngi; ngi c nghip c thb a vo ba ng c". Li na, Kinh ni: "Mt ngi ra i, m nhiungi c nh phc lc li ch; l Pht Th Tn vy". Nh trong PhpC ni: "T mnh cu ly mnh, ngi khc lm sao cu c. T mnhthc hnh thin tr l t cu hay nht". Nh trong kinh Bnh Sa Vng

Nghinh Pht ni: "Ngi phm khng nghe php, ng phm m trcni ng". Li trong kinh Pht Nh D ni: "Pht t m c o, n mBt Nit-bn, nhng kinh gio Pht thuyt khong thi gian gia hai my, tt c u tht, khng in o". Nu tht khng c ngi th ti sao Pht

li ni ngi (trong cu: Ta dng Thin nhn thanh tnh thy cc chngsanh)!

p: Ngi v.v v theo Th gii Tt-n nn c, v theo nhtngha Tt-n nn khng. Cn nh nh, php tnh , tht t, v theo Th giiTt-n nn khng, v theo nht ngha Tt-n nn c. Ngi cngnh th , v theo nht ngha Tt-n nn khng, v theo Th gii Tt-nnn c; v c cc nhn duyn nm un nn c ngi. V nh sa do nhnduyn ca sc, hng, v, xc cho nn c, nu sa tht khng th nhn duynca sa cng phi l khng, nay nhn duyn ca sa tht c, nn sa cng

phi l c. Chng phi nh ci u th hai, cnh tay th ba ca mt ngi, lkhng c nhn duyn m ch c gi danh. Cc tng (hnh thc) nh th nngi l Th gii Tt-n.

-Sao gi l Cc cc v nhn Tt-n? (Tt n trong ngha c bit vitng ngi). Qun st tm hnh ca tng ngi m ni php cho h. itrong mt vic m hoc c ngi nghe c, c ngi khng nghe c.

Nh trong Kinh ni: "Do nghip tp bo m tp sanh ra trong th gian, ctp xc, tp th". Li trong kinh Ph-qun-na ni: "Khng c ngi xc,

khng c ngi th".Hi: Gia hai kinh ny, lm sao dung thng c?

p: V c k nghi ngi i sau, khng tin ti phc, lm hnh btthin, ri vo kin chp on dit (on kin). V mun dt mi nghi cangi , tr c hnh ca h, tc l mun nh "on kin" ca ngi nn


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ni tp sanh trong th gian, c tp xc, tp th. Li ngoi o Ph-qun-na chp c ng, c thn, ri vo chp thng (thng kin), nn khi Ph-qun-na hi Pht: "Tha i c Th Tn, ai th?" Nu Pht tr li c ai thth kia bn ri vo chp thng. Ng kin ca ngi y tng gp bi, bnchc, khnt th di chuyn. Cho nn i vi ngi ny, Pht khng ni l cngi th, ngi xc, Nh$ng tng (hnh thc) nh th gi l cc cc vnhn Tt n.

-Sao gi l i tr Tt-n? (Tt n trong ngha i tr theo bnh).C php, v ngha i tr th c, m tht tnh th khng nh cc th c,thuc, ung, n c tnh cht nng, nhit, bo, chua, mn, i vi bnh phongth gi n l thuc; cn i vi bnh khc th khng phi thuc. Nu cc thc, thuc, n, ung c tnh cht nh, lnh, ngt, ng, rt, i vi bnh nhitth gi n l thuc; cn i vi bnh khc th khng phi thuc. . Nu cc

th c, thuc, n, ung c tnh cht nh, cay, ng, rt, nng i vi bnhhn th gi n l thuc; cn i vi bnh khc th khng phi thuc. Cch trtm bnh trong Pht php cng nh th. Php t duy qun bt tnh i vi

bnh tham dc th gi l php i tr hay, cn i vi bnh sn nhu thkhng gi l hay, khng phi l php i tr, sao vy? Qun thn xu xa cu gi l qun bt tnh, nu ngil sn nhu m qun thn xu xa cu,th cng lm tng thm la sn nhu. T duy v t tm i tr bnh sn nhuth gi l php i tr hay; cn i vi bnh tham dc th khng gi lhay,khng phi l php i tr, v sao? V t tm i vi chng sanh thng cuvic tt, qun st cng c, nu l ngi tham dc m cu vic tt, qun stcng c th cng tng thm lng tham dc Php qun nhn duyn, ivi bnh ngu si th gi l php i tr hay; cn vi bnh tham dc, sn nhuth khng gi lhay, khng phi l php i tr, v sao vy? V trc c tqun mi sinh t kin, m tkin tc l ngu si.

Hi: Trong pht php c ni Mi hai nhn duyn rt su xa, nh ni""Pht bo A-nan, php Nhn duyn y rt su xa, thy kh bit, kh t ng,kh qun st. Ngi c tm vi t, tu thin xo, mi hiu c, cn ngingu si i vi php thin cn cn kh hiu, hung l php nhn duyn rt

su xa!". Th ti sao nay li ni ngi ngu si nn qun-php Nhn duyn?p: Ngi ngu si y khng phi nh tru d ngu si, m l ngi ny

mun cu o chn tht li em t tm qun st nn sanh ra th t kin,ngi ngu si nh th hy nn qun st Nhn duyn, gi l php i tr hay,nu vi ngi c nhiu sn nhu, tham dc, mong cu khoi lc, mun nhiuhi k khc, th Nhn duyn qun khng l hay, khng phi l php i tr,


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ch c t duy v bt tnh, v t tm mi l hay, l php i tr vi hai hngngi y, v sao? V hai php qun ny c th nh mi tn c sn nhu vtham dc. Li na, nhng chng sanh in o chp thng, khng bit rcc php ch c trong tnh cch tng t tng tc. Nhng ngi nh thm qun V thng l php i tr Tt n, ch khng phi nht nghaTt n, v sao? V ht thy cc php, t tnh l khng, nh k ni:

"V thng thy l thng,y gi l in o.Trong khng, khng v thng,Ch no thy c thng?"

Hi: Ht thy php Hu vi u tng ng vi v thng, y l nhtngha, v sao? V ht thy php Hu vi u c ba tng: Sanh, tr, dit. V

trc tin l sanh, tip n tr, sau dit; ti sao nay ni v thng khngphi l tht?

p: Php Hu vi ng ra khng c ba tng y, v sao? V ba tngy khng tht. Nu cc php sanh, tr, dit l tng Hu vi th trong tngsanh l ra cng phi c ba tng; v sanh l php Hu vi. Nh vy mimt tng li u c ba tng, th th v cng. Tr v dit cng nh th.

Nu trong mi sanh, tr, dit li khng c sanh, tr, dit th sanh, tr, dit khng nn gi l php Hu vi, v sao? V tng ca php Hu vi (sanh, tr,dit) ni khng c. Do ngha , cc php v thng, l khng phi

nht ngha Tt-n.

Li na, nu tt c u tht s l bn tnh v thng, thi khng chnh nghip v qu bo, v sao? V v thng tc l sanh ri dit mt. Vnh hat ging mc nt khng th sanh ra qu, nh vy thi khng c hnhnghip, khng c hnh nghip thin sao c qu bo? Nay theo php ca ccHin thnh u ni c qu bo, k thin tr c th tn th; vy khng nn nikhng qu bo. Do , cc php khng phi l v thng tnh. V ni c ccnhn duyn v lng nh th, nn khng c ni cc php lv thngtnh. Tt c php Hu vi v thng, kh, v ng cng nh vy. Cc tngnh th gi l i tr Tt-n.

-Sao gi l nht ngha Tt-n? (Tt n trong ngha tuyt i)Ht thy php tnh , ht thy lun ngh, ng ngn, ht thy php v phi

php, mi mi c th phn bit ph tn, cn php chn tht ca ch Pht,Bch-chi Pht, A-la-hn hnh tr th khng th ph, khng th tn. Nhng g


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khng thng sut trong ba th Tt-n trn th trong y thng c.Nhng thng nh th no? Thng l xa la mi li lm, khng th bin i,khng th vt hn, v sao? V tr nht ngha Tt-n, cn cc ngh lunkhc, cc Tt-n khc, u c th b ph hoi, nh bi k trong kinhChng-ngha ni:

"Mi t nng kin chp,H lun khi cnh tranh,Bit th l bit tht,Khng bit l bng Php.Khng nhn php k khc,y l ngi v tr,Nhng ngi c h lunThy u l v tr.

Hoc nng iu mnh thy,M sanh cc h lun,Nu cho tnh tr,Th ai cng tnh tr".

Trong ba bi k ny, Pht ni tng trng ca nht ngha Tt-n,rng chng sanh trong th gian t nng kin chp, t nng php, t nngh lun ca mnh m sanh ra cnh tranh. H lun chnh l gc cnh tranh,m h lun th nng cc kin chp sanh khi, nh k ni:

"C lnh th php, mi c lun,Khng lnh th php, lun ci g.Cc kin c, khng c lnh th,

iu y, ngi ny tr sch".

Hnh gi nh tht bit c iu y, th i ht thy php, ht thy hlun, khng lnh th, khng chp trc, khng thy l tht, khng cng cnhtranh vi k khc, v bit c v cam l ca Pht php. Nu khng cth, tc l hy bng Php. Nu khng lnh th php ca k khc, khng bitkhng nhn ly, y l ngi v tr. Nh vy thi nhng ngi c h lunu l ngi v tr, ti sao vy? V mi ngi khng chu lnh th php canhau, nh c ngi t cho php ca mnh l nht chn tht thanh tnh;cn php ca ngi khc l vng ng, khng thanh tnh. V nh php x trca th gian, no l hnh pht git chm th bt tnh m ngi th gian tnth lm theo cho l tht thanh tnh, nhng i vi ngi xut gia thnh thinth l iu rt bt tnh. Nhng ngi xut gia theo ngoi o, sng theo


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php tu ng nhit ng mt chn, nh tc v.v hng Ni-kin-t(Nirgranthaputra) cho l diu hu; cn cc ngi khc ni l php ngusi. Cc php ca hng xut gia ngoi o v B-la-mn bch y nh th ,h u cho l tt p, ngoi ra l vng ng.

Trong Pht php y cng c T kheo c-t bo: "Nh bn i hahp c php con mt, nm un (ng chng) ha hp c php con ngi".Trong lun A-t-m ca c-t ni: "Nm un khng la con ngi, conngi khng la nm un, khng th ni nm un l con ngi (ng) hay lanm un l con ngi. Con ngi (nhn ng) nhip thuc vo php tng thnm l bt kh thuyt php-tng".

Hng o-nhn phi Nht-thit-hu (B) th ni: "Trong ht mi th,trong ht mi thi, trong ht mi php mn, khng th tm ra c con

ngi, v nh lng Ra, sng Th thng l khng c. Li na, mi tmgii, mi hai nhp, nm un tht c t tnh m trong khng c conngi (ng)".

Li trong Pht php, c hng Phng qung (Vaipulya) o nhn ni:"Ht thy php khng sanh khng dit, khng, khng c g c, v nh lngRa, sng Th thng l khng c".

Ht thy cc hng lun ngh nh th, t gi lp php ca mnh, khngnp th php ca ngi khc, rng: "y mi l tht, ngoi ra u l vng

ng". Nu t th lnh ly php ca mnh, t cng dng ly php ca mnh,t tu hnh theo php ca mnh, cc php ngi khc th khng th, khngcng dng, cho l sai quy. V nu cho nh vy l thanh tnh, c nghali nht, thi tt c khng c g khng phi thanh tnh, sao vy? V tt cnhng ngi kia u th lnh php ca mnh.

Hi: Nu cc kin chp l sai, th nht ngha Tt-n sao li ng?

p: Ht hy ng ngn ng dt, ch tm hnh dit, khp ni ukhng ch da, khn g hin th cc php, tht tng cc php khng u,

khng gia, khng cui, khng tn, khng ph hoi, y l nht ngha Tt-n, nh bi k trong Ma-ha Din ngha ni:

"Ngn ng khng cn,Tm hnh cng ht,

Khng sanh khng ditPhp nh Nit-bn.


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Ni cc hnh x,Gi th gian php,

Ni khng hnh x,L nht ngha.Ht thy tht, ht thy phi thtV ht thy tht, cng phi tht.

Ht thy chng tht, chng khng tht,y gi tht tng ca cc php".

nht ngha Tt-n c ni n trong cc Kinh nh vy, ngha yrt su, kh thy kh bit. V mun ni ngha y, nn Pht thuytKinh i

Bt-nh Ba-la-mt.

* Li na, v mun cho cc nh i lun ngh nh ng Phm-ch

Trng Tro v.v sanh lng tin i vi Pht php nn Pht thuytKinhi Bt-nh Ba-la-mt.

C v Phm-ch tn Trng Tro, li c v tn l Tin-ni B-tha-c a-la, li c v tn l Tt-gi Ca-ma-kin-, l nhng v i lun ngh ca ciDim-ph-, ni: "Ht thy lun u c th ph, ht thy li ni u c thhoi, ht thy li chp u c th lay chuyn, khng c php chn tht nong tin nh cung knh". Nh trong Kinh Xa-li-pht Bn-mt ni: "Cuca X-li-pht tn l i Cu-hy-la cng ch l X-li, lun ngh m khng

bng. i Cu-hy-la suy ngh: "y khng phi sc ca ch ta, chc l bc

Tr gi trong bo thai gi li ni ming m. Ngi ny cha sanh m vy,ln ln s ra sao?" Suy ngh xong, ng sanh tm kiu mn; v mun hc rngcc th lun ngh nn xut gia lm Phm-ch, i vo nc Nam Thin Trc,

bt u c kinh th. Mi ngi hi: "Ch ng mun cu g, hc tp kinhg?" Trng Tro p: "C mi tm th kinh ln u mun c ht". Mingi ni: "Trn c i ng cn khng hiu mt th, hung chi hiu ht?"Trng Tro t ngh: "Trc kia v kiu mn nn thua ch, nay li b ccngi ny khinh nhc". V hai chuyn ny nn t th rng: "Ta khng ctmng tay, cn phi c ht mi tm th i kinh". Mi ngi nhn thy

mng tay di m gi ng l Phm-ch Trng Tro. ng dng tr tu ca th kinh sch, th li chm chch rng: "y lphp, y lphi php, yl phi, y l khng phi, y l tht, y l khng tht, y l c, y lkhng ph lun ngh ca ngi khc. V nh voi cung, sc ln ngt dy xo, khng ai ch ng c.


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Sau khi Phm-ch Trng Tro dng sc lun ngh nh vy dp ph cclun s xong, tr v ni sinh qun l thn Na-la trong thnh Vng-x ncMa-gi-, hi ngi ta rng: "a con ca ch ti sanh ra nay n u?"C ngi tr li: "Con ca ch ng sinh ra, va mi 8 tui hc ht cc thkinh sch, n 16 tui th lun ngh hn c mi ngi. C o nhn Thch-chng h C-m, con ca ch ng theo lm t ca v y". Trng Tronghe th lin khi kiu mn, sanh lng khng tin, ni rng: "a con ca chta thng mminh nh th, ng kia dng thut g m c th di hoc n cotc lm t c?!" Ni th ri, i ngay n ch Pht.

By gi Tn-gi X-li-pht va th gii c na thng, ang nghu bn Pht, cm qut qut Pht. Trng Tro Phm-ch gp Pht hi hanxong, ngi xung mt bn suy ngh rng: "Mi th lun ngh u c th b

ph, mi li ni u c th b hoi, mi th chp th u c th b lay

chuyn. Vy trong ci g l tht tng ca cc php? Ci g l nhtngha? Ci g ltnh? Ci g l tng? Khng in o?" Suy ngh nh vy:"Nh nc bin ln, m mun n tn y n, tm cu lu m chng cmt php no tht c th nhp tm. Vy ng y dng lun ngh g m cth li c con ca ch ta?" Suy ngh xong, Trng Tro lin ni vi Phtrng: "Ny ng C m! Ht thy cc php ta u khng th nhn". Phthi Trng Tro: " Ht thy cc php ng u khng th nhn, vy ci kinchp (ht thy u khng th nhn) y, ng c th nhn khng?" Pht gnhi cu c ngha: "ng ung vo c t kin, nay tun ra c kh, nirng: Ht thy php ta u khng th nhn, vy ci kin chp (quan im), ng c th nhn khng?"

By gi Trng Tro Phm-ch nh nga hay va thy bng roi l bits v chy theo ng chnh. Trng Tro Phm-ch cng th, nghe li nica Pht nh bng roi i vo tm, lin vt b cng cao, h thn ci u, suyngh nh vy: "Pht t ta vo hai ca thua. Nu ta ni l th nhn, th y lca thua r rt, nn nhiu ngi bit, h s ni: Ti sao t ni ht thy phpta u khng th nhn, nay li ni kin chp ta th nhn? R rng l nidi, l ca thua r rt b nhiu ngi bit. Ca thua th hai t nh hn, v

ni ta u khng th nhn th khng my ngi bit". Trng Tro suy nghvy ri p li Pht: "C m! Ht thy php ta khng th nhn, kin chpny cng khng th nhn". Pht bo: "Phm-ch, ng khng th nhn htthy php, kin chp y cng khng th nhn. Khng th nhn g c th c gkhc vi mi ngi u, cn g cng cao m sanh kiu mn?" Hi nh vy,Trng Tro Phm-ch khng th p c, t bit mnh ri vo chthua, lin sanh khi tn tm, cung knh ni vi Nht thit tr ca Pht, t ngh


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rng: "Ta b thua m Th Tn khng nu by ch thua ca ta, khng ni phiquy, khng . Tm Pht nhu nhuyn thanh tnh bc nht. Tt c ngnng lun ngh dt, c i php thm thm. Ngi l bc ng cung knh,tm thanh tnh bc nht, khng ai hn Pht". V Pht thuyt php dt t kinca ng, ng lin ngay ti ch ngi xa la trn cu, i vi cc php ccon mt thanh tnh.

By gi X-li-pht nghe nhng li y, chng c A-la-hn. TrngTro Phm-ch bn xut gia lm Sa-mn, chng c A-la-hn c i oailc. Nu Trng Tro Phm-ch khng nghe hi hm ca Bt-nh Ba-la-mtl php tng ng nht ngha la bn cu, th cht lng tin cn khng chung g chng c o qu ca bc xut gia? Pht v mun dt dn hngngi i lun ngh s li cn nh th, nn thuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt-a ny.

* Li na, cc c Pht c hai cch thuyt php: Mt l Qun tmngi nghe ri ty cn c c th ha , hai l qun tng cc php. NayPht mun ni tht tng ca cc php nn thuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt. Nh trong phm thuyt v "Tng bt tng", cc v Thin t hi Pht:" Bt-nh Ba-la-mt ny su xa, lm sao m tc thnh tng?" Pht dy ccThin t: "Khng tc l tng, v tng, v tc tng, v sanh dit tng,v hnh tng, thng bt sanh tng, nh tnh tng, tch dit tngv.v"* Li na, c hai cch thuyt php: Mt l c ch tranh ci, hai l khng ch

tranh ci. C ch tranh ci nh trong cc Kinh khc ni, nay mun nich khng tranh ci, cho nn thuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt. C tng,khng tng, c vt, khng vt, c y c, khng y c, c i, khng i, ctrn, khng trn; th gii, phi th gii; nhng php mn hai phn cng th.

Hi: Pht tm i t bi th ch nn ni php khng tranh ci, c sao lini php c tranh ci?

p: Php khng tranh ci u l v tng, thng tch dit, bt khthuyt. Nay ni b th v cc php v thng, kh, khng v.v u l vtch dit, khng v h lun m thuyt. Nhng ngi li cn bit Pht khngkhi ln s tranh ci; cn k n cn khng bit Pht, chp ly tng,trc ly tm, nn khi ln s tranh ci, nn gi l c tranh ci. Bt-nh Ba-la-mt ny l "tnh tt ro khng" ca cc php, nn khng c ch tranhci. Nu rt ro khng m c th nm, c th tranh ci thi khng gi l rt


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ro khng. V rt ro khng th c v khng hai s u dt, th nn Bt-nhBa-la-mt gi l ch khng tranh ci.

* Li na, trong cc kinh khc thng dng ba li ni cc php, l thin, bt thin v v k. Nay mun ni cc tng cc php chng phithin, chng phi bt thin, chng phi v k, cho nn thuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt-a.

Php hc, php v hc, php phi hc phi v hc; php do kin on(kin s on), php do t duy on (tu s on), php khng on (phi son); php c th thy c i ngi, php khng th thy c i ngi, phpkhng th thy khng i ngi; php thng trung h; php tiu, i, vlng. Nh vy php mn c ba phn cng th.

* Li na, trong cc kinh khc ty theo cn c hng Thanh-vn, Phtni php T nim x, ni y T-kheo qun trong thn ba mi su vt tr bnh tham dc, qun ngoi thn, trong ngoi thn cng nh vy. Nay vmun dng li khc ni php T nim x, nn Pht thuyt Kinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt, nh ni: "B-tt qun trong thn, vi thn khng sanh gicqun, khng thy c thn, v l v s c. Nh vy qun ngoi thn, quntrong ngoi thn, vi thn khng sanh gic tng, l mt vic rt kh. Banim x Th, Tm, Php cng vy. Nh vy nhng php mn c bn phnnh: Bn Chnh cn, bn Nh tc, bn Thin, bn v.v cng u nhth".

* Li na, trong cc kinh khc Pht ni nm un (ng chng) l vthng, kh, khng, v ng. Nay v mun dng li ni khc v nm un, nnthuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt. Nh Pht bo Ngi Tu-b-: "B-Ttqun sc l thng hnh th khng hnh Bt-nh Ba-la-mt; qun th, tng,hnh, thc l thng hnh, th khng hnh Bt-nh Ba-la-mt; qun sc lv thng hnh th khng hnh Bt-nh Ba-la-mt; qun th, tng, hnh,thc l v thng hnh, th khng hnh Bt-nh Ba-la-mt. Nh vy cc thnm php nh: Nm th m, nm o v.v cng u nh th.

Ngoi ra cc php mn su, by, tm cho n v lng v.v cng unh th. Nh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mt v lng v bin, nn nhn duynthuyt Bt-nh Ba-la-mt cng v lng v bin; vic ny rt rng.

Nay lc nu cc nhn duyn thuytKinh i Bt-nh Ba-la-mtxong.


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---o0o---

PHM TA U

[Phm Ta u ca kinh chia thnh 46 chng gii thch. T Chng I

gii thch Nh Th Ng Vn Nht Thi n Chng 46 gii thch Tin Tr]

CHNG 1:GII THCH: NH TH, NG VN, NHT THI

KINH: Nh Th, Ng Vn, Nht Thi

LUN:Hi:Pht Kinh v sao bt u bng li: "Nh vy" (Nh th?)

p: Pht php nh bin c, c tin th vo c, c tr th qua c.Ngha ca ch "Nh vy" chnh l tin.

Nu ngi m trong tm c c tin thanh tnh, th ngi y c th voc Pht php. Nu khng c tin th ngi y khng th vo c Pht

php. Khng c tin th ni vic y khng "nh vy", y l tng ca bt tin.Ngi c tin th ni vic y "nh vy". V nh da Tru cha mm th khngth gp xp, ngi khng c tin cng vy; v nh da Tru mm, c th tych m dng m lm, ngi c tin cng vy.

Li na trong Kinh ni tin l cnh tay. Cng nh ngi c cnh tay ivo trong ni bu, t ti ly bu, nu ngi khng c cnh tay th khng lyc g. Ngi c tin cng nh vy, vo trong ni bu Pht php c thV lu cn, V lu lc, Tht gic ch, Bt chnh o, T thin, T nh, tti thu ly. Ngi khng c tin cng nh khng c cnh tay. Ngi khngc cnh tay vo trong ni bu khng th thu ly c g. Ngi khng c tincng vy, vo trong ni bu Pht php khng thu ly c g. Pht t ngh:"Nu ngi c tin, ngi y c th vo trong bin php rng ln ca Ta, cth chng c bn qu Sa-mn, khng ung cng co u mc o Ca-sa.

Nu khng tin, th ngi y khng th vo trong bin php ca Ta, cng nhcy kh khng th sanh hoa qu. Khng chng c qu Sa-mn, tuy c cou mc o Ca-sa, tng nhiu th kinh, gii cn nn, kho gii p i na th trong Pht php ch ung cng chng c c g". Cho nn ngha "Nhvy" l bc u i vo Pht php, v l tng ca thin tin vy.


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Li na, Pht php su xa, ch c Pht mi bit c. Ngi c tin, tuycha lm Pht m do tin lc c th vo c Pht php, nh Phm-thinvng khi thnh Pht bt u quay bnh xe Chnh php, c bi k thnhPht:

"Dim-Ph- sanh.Nhiu th php bt tnh.Xin m ca cam l.M ch ng thanh tnh!"

Pht p:

"Php ta rt kh hiuDt c cc kit s.

Tm a dm ba ci.K y khng t c"

Phm-thin vng bch Pht: "Bch i c Th Tn! Trong th gii,tm tr c thng, trung, h. K kho trc tm nhu nhuyn, d c thot,hng ngi y nu khng c nghe Chnh php, h s rt li trong cc cnn. V nh hoa sen trong nc, c th mi sanh, c th gi, c th cha lnkhi mt nc, nu khng gp c nh sng mt tri thi khng n c.Pht cng nh nh sng mt tri, v tm i T-bi thng xt chng sanh,nn Pht hy v h m thuyt php". Pht ngh: "Php ca ch Pht trong ba

i: Qu kh, v lai v hin ti l u v chng sanh m thuyt php. Tacng nn nh th". T duy nh vy ri, Pht nhn li ca ch thin Phm-thin vng m thuyt php, dng k p:

"Ta nay m ca cam l v.Nu ngi c tin hy vui mng trong loi ngi ni Diu phpChng phi no lon ai m thuyt".

Trong bi k ny, Pht khng ni ngi b th c vui mng, cng

khng ni ngi a vn, tr gii, nhn nhc, tinh tn, thin nh, tr tu cvui mng, m ch ni ngi tin (c vui mng) . Pht: Nh vy php caTa thm thm vi diu bc nht, l php v s c, khng th lng, khngth m, khng th ngh bn, khng ng, khng ta; khng vng mc,khng l bc Nht thit tr th khng th hiu. Cho nn, trong Pht php lytin lc lm bc u. Do sc tin c vo, khng phi do b th, tr giiv.v m c th bt u vo c Pht php, nh k ni:


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"Ngi th gian, tm ng,a m qu phc bo,M khng a nhn phc,Cu c, khng cu dit,Trc nghe php t kinTm m m thm nhp

Php su xa ca Ta,Khng tin lm sao hiu!"

Nh i t ca -b-t tn Cu-ca-ly, v khng tin php nn atrong ng c. Ngi y khng tin, i vi Pht php t em tr tu mong cu, khng th c, v c sao? V Pht php rt su vy. Nh Phm-thin vng dy Cu-ca-ly vi k:

"Mun lng php v lng,K tr h lng sao?Mun lng php v lng,

K y t che lp".

Li na, ngha ca "Nh vy" l, nu ngi c tm kho trc tin, ngiy c th nghe php, nu khng c tng nh th th khng hiu c, nhni:

"Chm ch nghe php nh kht ung.

Nht tm i vo trong ng, ngha.Nhy nht nghe php tm bi, h,Ngi nh vy nn v h ni".

Li na, trong ngha ca "Nh vy" l, bc u i vo Pht php, litrong i ny, li trong i sau, li v Nit-bn, cc iu li u ly tin lmcn bn v sc mnh.

Li na, cc hng ngoi o xut gia, tm c ngh cho php ca mnh lvinh diu, thanh tnh bc nht. Nhng ngi nh th, t khen php hnh ca

mnh m ch bai php ca ngi khc. Th nn i ny u tranh ln nhau,i sau b a a ngc, th th kh v lng, nh k ni:

"V ai nhim php mnh,Ch bai php ngi khcTuy l ngi tr gii,

Khng khi kh a ngc".


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Trong Pht php y, vt b ht thy i, ht thy kin chp, ht thytm kiu mn, t ng; ht thy u dt b, khng vng mc. Nh trongkinh Phit D ni: "Cc ngi nn hiu php Ta nh l chic b, th by githin php cn nn b hung l bt thin php? Vi Bt-nh Ba-la-mt mPht cn khng nim ti, khng ta vo , hung l vi php khc m cnim ti, c ta vo sao? V vy, nn bc u ca Pht php gi l "Nhvy". Pht nh vy: t ca Ta khng i trc vo php, khng nhimtrc vo php, khng bn ng vi php, m ch cu la kh, c giithot, khng h lun vo cc php tng", nh trong kinh A-b--k(Arthavargya sutra), Ma-kin- (Makandika) ni k hi:

"Vi cc php c nh.Th sanh lm vng tng.

Dt b ht trong ngoi,

Th lm sao c o?"

Pht p:

"Chng kin, vn, gic, tri,Cng chng do tr gii,Chng khng phi kin vn,Chng khng do tr gii.

Lun nh th b ht.Cng b ng, ng s.

Khng th cc php tngNh th mi c o".

Ma-kin- li hi:

" Nu khng do kin vn,Chng phi do tr gii.Chng phi khng kin vn,Chng phi khng tr gii.

Nh tm ti qun st.Gi cm lng, c o?"

Pht p:

"ng theo no t kin,Ta bit ng dt o,ng khng thy vng tng,


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ng by gi t cm!".

Li na, t cho php ta chn tht, cn php ngi khc l ni di, phpca ta bc nht, cn php ca ngi khc khng tht; l gc ca utranh. Nay ngha "Nh vy" l dy ngi khc khng tranh. Nghe nhng gngi khc ni, ngi ni th khng li. V vy, cc kinh Pht u m u

bng li "Nh vy".

Lc ni ch ngha"Nh vy" xong.

Nay s ni n ngha ch "Ti".

Hi:Nu trong Pht php ni ht thy php u khng, ht thy khngc t ng, th ti sao kinh Pht li bt u bng li: "Nh vy ti nghe"?

p: t ca Pht tuy hiu l v ng, song ty theo php th tc mni ng, chng phi tht ng. V nh ly tin vng m mua tin ng, khngai ci vy, v c sao? V php bn mua l vy. y ni" "Ti" cng nhth, trong php v ng m ni ng, l thun ty theo th tc m khng nnnn vn, nh trong kinh Thin Vn c k:

"C T-kheo La-hn.Cc lu dt sch.Vi thn cui cng y,

Ni "Ti y" c chng?"Pht p:

"C T-kheo La-hn,Cc lu dt sch,Vi thn cui cng y,C th ni "Ti y"".

Trong Th gii Php (Th gii Tt-n) m ni l ng, chng phi l

trong php nht ngha ( nht ngha Tt-n). V vy, i vi cc phpkhng, v ng m ni ng, khng c li.

Li na, ng ngn ca th gii c ba th cn bn: Mt l t kin, hai lkiu mn, ba l danh t. Trong hai th bt tnh v mt th tnh. Ht thyngi phm u c ba th gc ngn ng: Lt kin, kiu mn v danh t.

Ngi tu hnh thy o th c hai th gc ngn ng: L kiu mn, danh t;


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cn cc bc dt ht lu hoc th ch mt th gc ng ngn, l danh t.Trong tm h tuy khng tri vi tht php, nhn g ty thun ngi trong thgii m truyn t chung gc ngn ng y, tr t kin cho i, nn thuntheo th tc m khng tranh ci. V vy, cho nn tr hai gc ngn ng bttnh v theo th tc m ch chung mt th ngn ng. t Pht ty theo thtc m ni ng nn khng c li.

Li na, nu ngi m vo tng v ng m ni y l tht, ngoi rau vng ng, th vi ngi y nn nn rng: "ng ni ht thy php thttng l v ng, sao cn ni "Nh vy ti nghe"? Cn nay cc t Pht ivi ht thy php khng, v s c, trong tm h khng m trc, cngkhng m trc tht tng ca cc php, hung g trong v ng m tmcn m trc sao? V vy khng nn nn rng ti sao t Pht cn ni"Ti", nh bi k trong Trung lun ni:

"Nu c ci bt khng.Tt phi c ci khng.

Bt khng cn khng c,H hung l c khng?Phm ngi thy bt khng.M cng li thy khng.

Khng thy: Thy, khng thy,y tht l Nit-bn.Ca bt nh an n.

Ph tr cc t kin.Ch ch Pht i qua,

y l php v ng".

Lc ni ngha ch "Ti" xong.

Nay s ni ngha ch "Nghe".

Hi: "Nghe" nh th no? Dng nh cn? dng nh thc? hay dng thc nghe? Nu nh cn nghe, th nh cn khng c gic tri khng th nghe?

Nu nh thc nghe, th nh thc trong thong chc, khng th phn bit cngkhng th nghe? Nu thc nghe, th thc cng khng th nghe, v csao? V trc do nm thc nhn bit nm trn, ri sau thc mi nhn bit, thc khng th bit nm trn trong hin ti m ch nhn bit nm trntrong qu kh v v lai. Nu thc nhn bit nm trn trong hin ti th


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ngi m cng c th thy sc v ngi ic cng c th nghe ting, v sao?V thc khng b h?

p: Chng phi nh cn nghe ting, cng chng phi nh thc, cngchng phi thc. Vic nghe ting y l do nhiu nhn duyn ha hip minghe c ting, khng th bo mt php c th nghe ting, v sao? V nhcn khng tri gic, khng th nghe ting, nh thc l v sc, v i, v xnn cng khng th nghe ting, cn ting th khng c thc tri gic cngkhng c cn cng khng th bit c ting. By gi nh cn khng b h,ting ch c th nghe v mun nghe. Cn, trn v ha hp nn nh thc

pht sanh, ty nh thc lin sanh thc; c th phn bit cc th nhn duynm c nghe ting. V th khng nn vn nn: "Nghe" nh th no v ainghe? Tuy nghe ting, m trong Pht php khng mt php nng tc, nngkin, nng tri, nh k ni:

"C nghip cng c qu.Khng k lm nghip qu.Ngha y su bc nht,Php ny do Pht ni.Tuy khng, chng phi on.Tng tc, cng chng thng.Ti phc vn khng mt,

Php nh vy, Pht ni".

Lc ni ngha ch "Nghe" xong.

Nay s ni v ch "Mt".

Hi: Trong Pht php khng tht c nhng phps lng, thi gian vn khng thuc vo m, nhp, gii sao li ni l "Mt" thi?

p: Ty theo th tc m ni c "Mt" thi, khng c li. Nh v trnt, cy lm thnh tng tri, v nim tng tri m l bi nn khng li.

Ni "Mt" thi cng nh vy. Tuy tht khng c "Mt" thi, m ty th tc

ni c "Mt" thi nn khng li.

Hi: Khng nn ni khng c "Mt" thi, nh Pht t ni: "Mt ngixut hin trn th gian, nhiu ngi c li lc. Ngi l ai? Chnh lPht Th Tn vy", nh k ni:

"Ta hnh o khng thy bo h.


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Ch hnh o mt mnh khng b bn.Tch cha mt hnh m thnh Pht,T nhin thu sut no Thnh o"

nhiu ch Pht ni Mt nh th, vy tt phi c ci "Mt".

Li na, v c php Mt ha hp, nn vt y gi l Mt. Nu tht khngc php Mt th c sao trong Mt vt ch Mt tm sanh, khng phi hai,khng phi ba? Trong hai vt l hai tm sanh, khng phi Mt, khng phi

ba? Trong ba vt l ba tm sanh, khng phi hai, khng phi Mt? Nu thtkhng c cc con s th trong Mt vt nn c hai tm sanh, trong hai vt chnn mt tm sanh. S ba, bn, nm, su cng nh th. Do , bit chcrng trong Mt vt c php Mt, v php y ha hp nn trong Mt vt chMt tm sanh?

p: Nu Mt vi vt l Mt, hay Mt vi vt lkhc, c hai u sailm.

Hi: Nu l "Mt" th c sai lm g?

p: Nu Mt vi ci bnh l "Mt", nh Nhn--l (Thch--ho-nhn - Indra) vi Thch-ca (Saka) l Mt. Nu vy th u c Mt tc u c bnh; cng nh u c Nhn--l l c Thch-ca. Nay cc vtnh o v.v u phi l bnh, v Mt vi bnh l "Mt". Nh vy u c

Mt u l bnh. Ging nh bnh, o v.v u lMt vt, khng cphn bit.

Li na, Mt thuc v "s", bnh cng ng thuc v "s". Th ca bnhc nm php. Bnh l vt c sc cht c i ngi, vy Mt cng ng c sccht, c i ngi. Nu u c Mt m khng gi l bnh, th nay khng nncho bnh vi Mt l "Mt". Hoc ni Mt khng thu nhip bnh, hoc ni

bnh cng ng khng thu nhip mt, v bnh vi Mt khng khc. Li munni Mt phi ni bnh, mun ni bnh phi ni Mt, nh th th ln xn.

Hi: "Mt" b sai lm nh vy, cn trong phng din khc c li g?

p: Nu Mt khc vi ci bnh th bnh chng phi l Mt, nu bnhkhc vi mt thi Mt chng phi bnh. Nu bnh hp vi Mt, m bnhc gi lm Mt, nay Mt hp vi bnh, sao khng gi Mt l bnh? V vykhng th gi bnh v Mt khc nhau.


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Hi: Tuy bnh hp vi "Mt" nn bnh l Mt (Mt ci bnh), nhng sMt khng phi l bnh, th sao?

p: Cc s bt u bng s Mt, Mt vi bnh l khc nn bnh khnglm Mt. Mt khng, nn nhiu cng khng, v sao? Trc Mt ri sau minhiu. Nh vy, trong phng din khc vi bnh, th php "Mt" cngkhng th c ring c. V sao? V trong chai phng din tm php"Mt" khng th c. V khng th c th lm sao ni c php "Mt"nhip thuc vo nm m, mi tm gii, su nhp c?

Nhng t Pht ty theo ngn ng th tc m gi l "Mt", m trongtm thc khng h chp trc, tri li bit cc con s ch c trn danh t. Vth trong Pht php ni n ch "Mt thi, Mt ngi, Mt thy" m khngri vo li t kin.

Lc ni v "Mt" xong.

Nay s ni v "Thi".

Hi: X Thin Trc c hai th ting ch cho "Thi" l Ca-la (K-l) vTam-ma-gia (Samya). Sao Pht khng ni Ca-la m ni Tam-ma-gia?

p: Nu ni Ca-la th c iu g nghi ng?

Hi: Ni cho nh nhng th nn ni Ca-la v Ca-la c hai ch, Tam-ma-gia c ba ch nng li kh c hn?

p: V tr t kin nn ni Tam-ma-gia khng ni Ca-la. C ngini: "Ht thy tri t hay vic tt xu u ly "Thi" (Ca-la) lm nhn",nh trong Thi kinh c bi k ni:

"Thi n, chng sanh thnh thc.Thi ti th b thi thc.Thi, c th gic ng ngi,

Cho nn chnh "Thi" lm nhn.Th gii nh bnh xe,Thi bin nh xe quay,

Ngi cng nh bnh xe,i ln hoc i xung".


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Hi: Li c ngi ni: "Trong tri t hay vic tt xu ht thy mi vtkhng phi do "Thi" lm ra, song "Thi" l ci nguyn nhn khng thayi, l tht hu. Php "Thi" rt vi t, khng th thy, khng th bit, do ktqu ca hoa tri v.v m bit l c "Thi". Nm qua, nm nay, lu xa, gn,chm, mau m thy cc tng , tuy khng thy "Thi" m bit l c"Thi", v sao? V thy qu m bit c nhn". Do nn bit c php"Thi". Php "Thi" khng bin hoi, nn thng?

p: Nh hn t l "Thi" hin ti, t bi l "Thi" qu kh, cibnh l "Thi" v lai. Tng ca "Thi" l thng nn "Thi" qu kh khnglm "Thi" v lai. Kinh sch cc ng cho "Thi" l mt vt, v th "Thi"qu kh khng lm "Thi" v lai, cng khng lm "Thi" hin ti; v nhvy th ln xn. Trong "Thi" qu kh cng khng c "Thi" v lai, v thnn khng c "Thi" v lai. "Thi" hin ti cng nh th.

Hi: ng nhn t bi l "Thi" qu kh, nu c "Thi" qu kh thchc chn c "Thi" v lai; v th tht c php "Thi"?

p: Ngi khng nghe ti va ni, ci bnh "Thi" v lai, t bi "Thi" qu kh. "Thi" v lai khng lm "Thi" qu kh, trong tng"Thi" v lai l "Thi" v lai, sao li gi l "Thi" qu kh. Th nn "Thi"qu kh cng khng.

Hi: Sao li khng c "Thi", chc chn phi c "Thi", hin ti c

tng hin ti, qu kh c tng qu kh, v lai c tng v lai?

p: Nu nh ht thy ba "Thi" u c tng ring (t tng), nhvy th ht thy l "Thi" hin ti, khng c "Thi" qu kh v "Thi" v lai.

Nu c v lai th khng gi l v lai m nn gi l hin ti (d lai: n);v th li hi y khng ng.

Hi: "Thi" qu kh, "Thi" v lai khng phi l tng hin ti, hinhnh. "Thi" qu kh c tng qu kh hin hnh. "Thi" v lai c tng vlai hin hnh, th nn mi php tng u c "Thi"?

p: Nu qu kh l qua i, Thi ph mt tng qu kh; nu qu khm khng qua i. Thi khng c tng qu kh; "Thi" v lai cng nh th.V th, php thi khng tht c th lm sao c th sanh tri t, vic ttxu v cc vt hoa qu, v. v; v tr cc th t kin nh vy nn khngni thi theo ting "Ca-la" m ni thi theo ting "Tam-ma-gia".


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Thy s sanh dit ca nm m, mi tm gii, su nhp m gi danh l"Thi" ch khng c "Thi" ring (ngoi s sanh dit). Nh ni cc danh t:Phng, thi, ly, hp, nht, d, trng, on v. v u l vt ra ngoi tmk phm phu chp trc cho l php tht c; v th nn tr b c phpng ngn danh t ca th gii (th gian).

Hi: Nu khng c "Thi", ti sao li c hc gii cho php n ngThi, cm n phi Thi?

p: Trc y ti ni; theo php danh t th gian c "Thi", mkhng phi tht php, ng khng nn vn nn. Cng nh php kit gii trong T-ni ch l tht theo th gian m khng phi l php tng nhttht. V tng php t ng khng c tht th, cng v chng nhn m qutrch, cng v mun h tr Pht php c tn ti lu di, m ch nh l

php cho t, cho nn ch Pht th Tn kit gii, trong khng nntm xem c g tht? C danh t g? Ci no tng ng? Ci no khng tngng? Ci no l php c tng nh vy? Ci no l php khng c tngnh vy? V th, vic y khng nn vn nn.

Hi: Nu n phi Thi, thuc phi Thi, y phi Thi, "Thi" y saokhng ni l Tam-ma-gia m ni l Ca-la?

p: Nhng iu dy trong T-ni, hng c s o trng khng cnghe, th hng ngoi o lm sao c nghe m sanh t kin (nn khng

ni Tam-ma-gia m ni Ca-la)? Cn kinh khc u c php nghe, nntrong y dng ting Tam-ma-gia. Tam-ma-gia l gi danh, khin nginghe khng sanh t kin. Li trong Pht php phn nhiu ni Tam-ma-giam t ni Ca-la; v t nn khng nn ct nn.

Lc ni ngha ring ca nm ch "Nh Th, Nga, Vn, Nht, Thi"xong.

(Ht cun 1 theo bn Hn)

---o0o---

CHNG 2 :GII THCH: TNG THUYT NH TH NG VN

Nay s ni tng qut v "Nh vy ti nghe"


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Hi:Nu ch Pht l ng Nht thit tr, t nhin, khng Thy, khngtheo li dy ca ngi khc, khng th o ca ngi khc, khng dng oca ngi khc, khng theo ngi khc nghe m thuyt php, ti sao lini "Nh vy ti nghe"?

p: ng nh ng ni: " Pht l ng Nht thit tr, t nhin, khngThy, khng theo ngi khc nghe php m thuyt". Pht php khng cht ming Pht thuyt, m ht thy li ni tt lnh, chn tht, vi diu ca thgian u xut t Pht php. Nh trong T-ni, Pht ni: "Th no l Pht

php?" Pht php c nm hng ngi ni: Mt l Pht t ming ni, hai l t Pht ni, ba l tin nhn ni, bn l ch thin ni, nm l ha nhn ni.

Li nh trong Kinh Thch--hon-nhn c o, Pht ni vi Kiu-thi-ca: "Thin ng chn tht, ho ng vi diu ca th gian u xut t php

ca Ta", nh trong bi k tn Pht rng:"Thin ng ca th gian.

u xut t Pht php.Thin ng khng sai lm,

Khng g hn Pht ng.

Nhng ni khc tuy c.Thin ng khng sai lm.

N ht thy u l,

Mt phn ca Pht php.Trong cc ngoi o,

D c li hay,Nh su n cy,Ngu nhin thnh ch.

Php u, gia, cui,T ph ln nhau,

Nh st sanh vng,Ai m tin c?

Nh trong cy Y-lan,Sanh hng Ngu u Chin-n.

Nh trong ging cy ng,Sanh ra qu ngon ngt.


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Nu tin c iu ,Ngi y s tin rng:Trong kinh sch ngoi o,T xut li hay p.

Nhng li hay chn tht,u xut t c Pht,Nh th hng Chin-n,Mc ni Ma-l.

Ngoi ni Ma-l-ra,Khng u c Chin-n,Nh vy, ngoi tr Pht,

Khng c u li tht".

Li na, cu "Nh vy ti nghe" l li ca cc i t Pht, nh A-nan v.v ni; v vo trong tng ca Pht php nn gi l Pht php. Nhkhi Pht nhp Nit-bn, Ngi ti x Cu-thi-na-kit, gia rng cy Sa-lalong th, nm quay u v hng Bc m sp nhp Nit-bn. By gi, A-nan tnh luyn i thn thuc cha tr, v cha ly dc, tm chm trong bin i,khng th t ra c. Trng lo A-n-l u (Anuruda) ni vi A-nan :"Thy l ngi gi Pht php tng, khng nn ging nh ngi phm tchm trong bin i! Ht thy php hu vi u l tng v thng, Thy chu su. Li na, t tay Pht trao php cho Thy, Thy nay u su th slm mt vic th nhn. Thy nn tha Pht: Sau khi Pht Nit-bn, chngcon hnh o nh th no? Ai s l Thy? Bn Xa-nc c khu lm sao cng chung? Kinh Pht nn li g? Nhng vic v lai nh th, Thy nn hiPht".

A-nan nghe vic y, tm su mun hi tnh, c sc ghi nh o htr, n bn cui ging Pht nm, em cc vic y hi Pht. Pht dy A-nan: "Hoc by gi, hoc sau khi Ta dit , nn t y ch v y ch Php,

khng y ch ni no khc! Th no l T-kheo t y ch v y ch Php, khngy ch ni no khc? L, T-kheo qun trong thn, thng nim nht tmtr tu, sing tu tinh tn, tr tm tham u th gian: qun ngoi thn, quntrong ngoi thn cng nh th; qun, th, tm, php nim x cng li nhth. gi l T-kheot y ch v y ch Php, khng y ch ni no khc. Tnay, gii kinh gii thot l i s ca cc Thy. Nh kinh Gii Thot Giidy: "Thn nghip, khu nghip, nn nh th m lm. T-kheo Xa-nc, sau


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khi Ta Nit-bn th nh php Mn-n (mc tn) m tr. Nu ngi c tmnhu thun th dy h Kinh San- Ca-chin-din, tc c th c o. Ta triqua ba A-tng-k tip, cha nhm tng Php bo; tng y bt u nn li: "Nh vy, ti nghe, mt thi, Pht ti a phng y, quc y,trong rng cy x y", v sao? V cc kinh Pht i qu kh bt u u

xng li y, cc kinh Pht i v lai bt u cng xng li y; cc Pht ihin ti, cui cng khi Bt-nit-bn cng dy xng li y. Nay Ta, sau khi

Nit-bn, bt u kinh cng nn xng: "Nh vy, ti nghe, mt thi".

Vy nn bit lli Pht dy, ch khng phi Pht t ni "Nh vy tinghe"; v Pht l bc Nht thit tr, t nhin, khng Thy, th khng nn ni"Ti nghe". Nu Pht t ni "Nh vy ti nghe", c ngi khng bit, th cth hi nh th, cn y l A-nam bch Pht, Pht dy li y, y l tni "Nh vy ti nghe", xng "ti"khng c li.

Li na, v mun cho Pht php tr lu th gian, nn cc v A-la-hn,nh trng lo i Ca-Dip v.v hi A-nan: "Pht thuyt php ch notrc ht? Ngi dy nhng php g?"

A-nan p: "Nh vy ti nghe, mt thi Pht ti nc Ba-la-ni trongrng Nai ca tin nhn, Ngi v nm T-kheo ni v Kh thnh . Ti vnkhng nghe t ai ni li, m trong Php chnh ti nh r, c nhn, tr,minh, gic". Vic kinh y trong cn ni rng.

Nh trong Kinh Tp Php (Dharama-samyrahsutra) ni: "Lc Phtvo Nit-bn, qu t su cch rung ng, cc dng sng chy ngc, gimnh bc pht, bn pha ni my en, sm st d di, ma xung, sao

bng khp ni; S t, c th go tht ku rng; Ch Thin, Ngi i uct ting la ht. Ch Thin, Ngi i u pht ra li rng: " Pht vo Nit-

bn sao m mau qu. Con mt ca th gian mt!"

Ngay lc by gi tt c c cy, cy thuc, hoa l cng lc r tan; nicha Tu-di u lay ng, nc bin dy sng, t rung ng mnh, ni non

bng v sp, cy ci gy , bn pha khi n rt l d s; vng, ao, sng,ngi u quy nhp, sao chi mc ban ngy. Loi ngi u ku khc, chthin u su, thin n nghn ngo khc than, nc mt m a. Cc hngHu hc lng l khng vui, cc hng V hc ngh ti php Hu vi ht thyv thng. Nh vy Tri, Ngi, D-xoa, La-st, Cn-tht-b, Chn--la,Ma-hu-la-gi v loi Rng u rt bun ru; cn cc v A-la-hn cqu, khi bin lo bnh t, tm nim rng:


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" qua sng i ca phm nhn, x giy hp ng gi cht,Thy bn Rn ln trong hm thn,

Np vo Nit-bn dit V-d".

Cc v i A-la-hn, ai ny ty trong ni rng, khe sui, hang ngxthn m nhp Nit-bn. Li c cc A-la-hn i gia h khng, v nh

Nhn cha hin cc th thn lc, khin mi ngi khi lng tin thanh tnh,vy sau mi vo Nit-bn. Tri Lc dc cho n tri Bin tnh v.v thycc A-la-hn u vo dit , ai ny ngh: "Mt tri Pht ln, cc ty Thin nh, tr tu, gii thot trc cng dit . Cc chngsanh nay cc bnh dm, n, si m cc v Thy php dc gp dit , thai s cha tr cho? Cc t nh hoa sen n trong bin v lng tr tu, nay kh ho, cy Php gy , my Php tan dit, Bc i tr nh Voi cha

mt n, n Voi con cng i theo, ngi gieo Chnh php mt ri,Php bo s tm cu ni u?", nh k ni:

"Pht vnh tch vo Nit-bn,Chng dit kit s cng qua i,Th gii trng khng, khng bc tr,

Ngu ti thm ln, n tr tt".

By gi chthin l di chn i Ca-dip v ni k:

"Bc k lo, ba c tr,Thn Ngi nh cy tr t kim,

oan nghim vi diu khng th snh,Mt sng trong sch nh Hoa sen".

Tn thn nh vy ri, tha Ca-dip: "i c Ca-dip! Nhn gi bitkhng? Con thuyn Pht php nh mun v, thnh Pht php nh mun ,

bin Pht php nh mun kh, c Pht php nh mun ng, n Pht phpnh mun tt, ngi thuyt php nh mun ht, ngi hnh o t dn, klm c thm ln. Xin Ngi em tm i t m kin lp Pht php".

By gi i Ca-dip, tm nh bin c, ng lng khng lay ng, giylu mi p: "Cc ng kho ni, tht ng nh li, th gian khng lu ri sv tr, ti m". Ri lc i Ca-dip im lng nhn li. By gi ch thin ldi chn i Ca-dip ri bng nhin khng hin, ai ny v ch c.


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Khi y i Ca-dip t duy rng: "Ta nay lm sao cho Pht phptrong ba v s kip kh tm gp y c tr lu?" T duy nh vy xong, lisuy ngh tip: "Ta bit php y c th lm cho tr c lu di, phi nn kttp Kinh (Tu--l), Lut (T-ni), Lun (A-t-m) thnh Ba tng Php,nh vy Pht php c th c tr lu, ngi au c th c lnh thhnh tr, v sao? V Pht thng xt chng sanh, phi chu kh trong nhiui, mi hc c php y m din ni cho ngi. Bn ta cng nn vngtheo Pht php m tuyn dng khai ha".

Lc y, i Ca-dip ni li y xong, Ngi i n trn nh ni Tu-dinh kin-chy, ri thuyt:

"Cc t Pht.Nu ngh n Pht,

Mun bo n Pht,Ch vo Nit-bn".

m thanh kin-chy v ting ni ca i Ca-dip vang n khp c bangn i thin th gii, u cng nghe, thi by gi cc bc t cthn lc, u n hi hp ch i Ca-dip.

By gi i Ca-dip co vi chng hi: "Pht php sp mun dit!Pht v thng xt chng sanh nn chu cn kh th trong ba v s kipmi hc c php y! Nay Pht vo Nit-bn, cc t bit Php, th

tr Php, tng o Php cng theo Pht m dit , Php nay sp mundit, chng sanh i v lai tht ng thng thay, b mt con mt tr tu,ngu si m ti. c Pht i t bi thng xt chng sanh, bn ta hy vngtheo li Pht, phi i khi kit tp Kinh tng xong, ri ty dit ". Ccchng n d hi u vng li li.

By gi i Ca-dip chn c ngn ngi, ch tr A-nan, cn ht thy chng A-la-hn, c su th thn thng, c cng gii thot, v ngigii thot, c ba minh, thin nh t ti, c th thun hnh v nghch hnhcc tam mui, thy u v ngi, c tng Ba tng, bit kinh sch ni ngoi,cng c bit c mi tm th i kinh ca ngoi o. Ai ny u gii lunngh, hng phc cc d hc.

Hi: By gi c v s A-la-hn nh th, c g ch chn ly mt ngnngi, m khng chn ly nhiu hn?


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p: Vua Tn-b-ta-la c o, tm vn bn ngn quan thuc cng uc o. Lc y vua sc trong cung thng dn ba cng dng cho mtngn ngi. Vua A-x-th vn khng b php y. By gi i Ca-dip tduy: "Nu chng ta thng i kht thc s c ngoi o cng n nn vnm b tr php s. Nay trong thnh Vng-x thng dn thc n cung cpcho mt ngn ngi, chng ta c th trong , kt tp Kinh tng"; v l ych chn mt ngn ngi, khng chn nhiu hn.

Lc y i Ca-dip cng vi mt ngn ngi i n trong ni K-x-qut, thnh Vng-x, ni vi vua A-x-th: "Hng ngy hy em thc nn cung cp cho chng ti, nay chng ti y kit tp Kinh tng, khngc i u".

An c trong ba thng h. Trong ngy mi lm u thuyt gii,

vn tp ha hp Tng. i Ca-dip vo thin nh, ri dng Thin nhnqun trong chng ny y ai l ngi cha dt sch phin no, phi nn mira. Thy ch c mt mnh A-nan cha dt ht phin no, cn chn trm chnmi chn ngi kia u sch ht cc lu, thanh tnh khng nh bn. iCa-dip t thin nh dy, ly tay dt A-nan ra khi chng ni: "Nay trongchng thanh tnh kit tp Kinh tng, Thy cha sch kit s, khng nn y".

By gi A-nan h thn bun khc, t ngh: "Ta hai mi lm nm theohu h Th Tn, gn gi chm sc Ngi, cha bao gi b kh no nh th

ny; Pht tht l i c t bi, hay n nhn". Suy ngh xong, A-nan tha iCa-dip: "Ti c sc c o t lu, song theo php ca cc c Pht,v A-la-hn khng th b sai khin hu h hai bn; v th ti gi li mt phnkit s nh nht m khng dt ht thi". i Ca-dip ni: "Thy cn cti l, Pht khng mun cho ngi n xut gia, v Thy n cn khuynthnh, Pht mi cho h xut gia, v l m Chnh php ca Pht ch nmtrm nm l suy gim. l ti t-kit-la (Dunkrta) ca Thy. A-nan p:"Ti thng xt b C-m-di. Li na, theo php ca ch Pht ba i uc bn b chng, sao ring Pht Thch-ca Vn ca ta li khng c?" i Ca-

dip ni: "Khi Pht sp nhp Nit-bn gn thnh Cu-thi-na-kit, Ngi aulng, tri bn lp y u-a-la-tng nm v ni vi Thy: "Ta cn nc",m Thy khng cung cp. l ti t-kit-la ca Thy". A-nan p: "Khi c nm trm c xe bng dng li qua lm nc vn c, v th nn tikhng ly!" i Ca-dip ni: "Du nc b c, thn lc ca Pht c th lmcho nc c bin thnh trong sch, sao Thy khng ly? l ti t-kit-la ca Thy. Thy hy sm hi i!". i Ca-dip li ni: "Pht dy: Nu


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ngi kho tu tp Bn thn tc, th c th sng mt kip hoc non mt kip.Pht kho tu tp Bn thn tc, mun sng mt kip hoc non mt kip uc, m sao Thy lm thinh khng tha li. Pht hi n ba ln, Thy vnlm thinh. Nu Thy tha vi Pht l: Pht kho tu tp Bn thn tc, Nginn sng mt kip hoc non mt kip! Do Thy, Pht Th Tn sm vo

Nit-bn. l ti t-kit-la ca Thy!" A-nan p: "Ma che lp tm ti,nn khng ni c, ch khng phi ti c c tm m khng tha Pht". iCa-dip ni: "Thy xp y Tng-gi-l ca Pht m ly chn p ln. lti t-kit-la ca Thy!" A-nan p: "khi y c gi ln ni ln m khngc ai cm y, gi thi lm y rt xung chn ti, ch khng phi ti khngcung knh m gim ln y Pht!" i Ca-dip ni: "Sau khi Pht Nit-bn,Thy by tng M m tng ca Pht cho ngi n sem, sao khng bitxu? l ti t-kit-la ca Thy!" A-nan p: "Khi y ti suy ngh: Nucc ngi n thy tng M m tng ca Pht, chc h t xu h thn hnh

n nhn, mong mu c thn nam t, tu hnh Pht tng, gieo gc phc c"; v th m ti cho ngi n xem, ch khng phi khng bit xu m ctm ph gii". i Ca-dip ni: "Thy c su ti t-kit-la nh vy nn

phi sm hi gia Tng". A-nan ni: "Vng, xin theo li dy ca Trng loi Ca-dip v chng Tng". Khi y A-nan qu thng chp tay, by vai o

bn phi, ci dp, sm hi su ti t-kit-la. i Ca-dip gia Tng, cmtay A-nan dt ra ngoi, ni vi A-nan: "Thy hy dt ht lu hoc ca Thy,vy sau tr vo, kit s tng d cha ht, th Thy ch vo!". Ni xong, lint ng ca li.

By gi, cc A-la-hn ngh rng: "Ai c th kit lp T-ni Php tng?"Trng lo A-n-l-u (A-nu-lu-) ni: "X-li-pht nh l Pht thhai, c ngi t gii, tn l Kiu-phm-ba- l ngi nhu nhuyn hanh, thng ch vng, tr tm tch mch, c th bit rnh T-ni tng, nayang trong vn cy Thi-li-sa trn tri, nn sai s thnh v". i Ca-dipni vi h ta T-kheo: "Thy hy nghe Tng sai".

H ta T-kheo tha: "Tng c vic g sai khin?" i Ca-dip ni:"Tng sai Thy n trong vn Thi-li-sa trn tri, ni A-la-hn Kiu-

phm-ba- ang ". T-kheo y vui mng hng hi vng li Tng-sai, v bch i Ca-dip: "Ti n ch A-la-hn Kiu-phm-ba-, trnh thuytvic g?" i Ca-dip ni: "n ri, tha vi Kiu-phm-ba-: Cc vlu tn A-la-hn i Ca-dip v.v u hi ti Dim-ph-, Tng c Phps ln, thnh ngi mau i n".


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nh vy, ph ht thy cc ni phin no, chng c Ba-minh thn thng.Cng gii thot, thnh bc A-la-hn i lc. Ngay m , A-nan i n nhTng g ca gi. i Ca-dip hi: "Ai g ca ?" p: "Ti l A-nan". iCa-dip hi: "Thy v sao n y?". A-nan tha: "Ti nay dt cc lu".i Ca-dip ni: "Khng m ca, Thy c theo l kha m vo". A-nan p:"D c", lin dng Thn lc theo l kha m vo, ly di chn chngTng m sm hi, i Ca-dip khng cn qu trch, ly tay xoa u A-nanni: "Ti c v Thy, cho Thy c o, thy khng nn him hn; cngnh vy, ti ct Thy t chng ng. V nh ly tay v gia h khng,khng dnh mc g, tm A-la-hn cng nh vy, trong ht thy php, khngcn dnh mc. Thy hy tr li ch ngi ca mnh".

Khi y Tng li bn rng: " Kiu-phm-ba- vo dit , cn c aic th kit tp Kinh tng?" Trng lo A-n-l-u ni: " Trng lo A-nan

y, trong hng t Pht, ngi thng hu gn Pht, nghe kinh nh ht,Pht thng khen ngi; A-nan y c th kit tp Kinh tng".

By gi Trng lo i Ca-dip xoa u A-nan, ni: "Pht chc lycho Thy th tr Php tng, Thy nn bo n Pht. Pht ch no thuytPhp trc ht? Cc i t Pht c th th h Php tng th dit , chcn li mt mnh Thy, Thy nay theo tm ca Pht, thng xt chng sanh,kit tp Pht php tng".

Khi y, A-nan l Tng xong, ln ngi ta S t. By gi i Ca-dip

ni k:

"Pht Thnh S t vng.A-nan l con Pht,Ngi trn ta S t.Qun trong chng, vng Pht.

Nh th chng i c,Khng Pht, mt uy thn.Nh khi tri khng trng,C sao nhng chng nghim.Thy, i tr nn ni.Thy, con Pht hy ni. u, Pht thuyt,

Nay Thy nn ni r".


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Khi y Trng lo A-nan nht tm, chp tay hng n ni Pht Nit-bn, ni:

"Lc Pht mi thuyt Php.Lc y con khng thy,Nghe truyn li nh vy:Pht Ba-la-ni.Pht v nm T-kheo.Ln u m ca Php,Thuyt bn php chn ,

Kh, Tp v Dit, o.A-nh Kiu-trn-nh,Trc tin c thy o.Tm vn cc thin chng.

Cng u vo du o".

Nghn A-la-hn nghe li y ri, bay ln h khng, cao bng by cya-la, cng ni: "Ln thay, sc mnh v thng! Nh chng ta mt thyPht thuyt php, nay li ni "Ti nghe", ri ni k:

"Ta thy thn tng Pht.Cng nh ni T kim.Chng c diu tng dit,Ch cn li danh thi.

Vy nn hy phng tin,Mong ra khi ba ci.Sing nhm cc thin cn.

Nit-bn vui hn ht".

By gi A-n-l-u ni k:

"i th gian v thng!Nh trng nc, cy chui.Cng c y ba ci,Gi v thng hoi ht".

By gi i Ca-dip li ni k:

"Qu ln, sc v thng,Ngu, tr, ngho, giu, sang.c o, cha c o.


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Ht thy khng trnh khi.

Phi li hay, ca bu.Phi gian di tranh c,Nh la t mun vt,Tng v thng l vy".

i Ca-dip ni vi A-nan: "T kinh Chuyn Php lun n kinh iBt Nit-bn, tp thnh bn b A-hm: Tng nht A-hm, Trung A-hm,Trng A-hm, Tng ng A-hm. gi l Php tng Tu--l(Sutrapitaka).

Cc A-la-hn li hi: "Ai c th hiu r m tp thnh Php tng T-ni?"u ni: "Trng lo u-ba-ly, l ngi tr Lut hn c trong nm trm A-

la-hn, chng ta nay cung thnh". Lin thnh: "Mi ng dy i n ngi taS t m thut li: "Pht ch no bt u thuyt T-ni kit gii?"

u-ba-ly vng li Tng dy, ngi trn ta S t ni: "Nh vy ti nghe,mt thi Pht thnh T-x-ly, by gi con ca Trng-gi Tu-ln-na Ca-nan-, bt u lm chuyn dm dc. Do nhn duyn y, Pht kt thnh iti th nht. Hai trm nm mi gii lm thnh ba b, by php, tm php,T-kheo-ni, T-ni, Tng-nht, u-ba-ly vn, Tp b, Thin b. Nh vymi tm b lm thnh tng T-ni"

Cc A-la-hn li suy ngh: "Ai c th hiu r m kt tp tng A-t-m?" Ngh rng: " Trng lo A-nan, trong nm trm A-la-hn, l ngi

bc nht hiu ngha Tu--l, chng ta nay cung thnh". Lin thnh rng:"Xin ng dy i n ngi ta S t, thut li Pht ch no u tin thuytv A-t-m?"

A-nan vng li Tng dy, n ngi trn ta S t ni: "Nh vy tinghe, mt thi Pht thnh X-b-, by gi Pht bo cc T-kheo, nhngngi c nm iu s, nm ti, nm on, khng tr khng dit, do nhnduyn y, thn tm trong i ny chu v lng kh, i sau li a vong c. Nhng ngi khng c nm iu s, nm ti, nm on, do nhnduyn y, thn tm trong i ny th vui, i sau li sanh vo ch vui trntri. Nhng g l nm iu s nn xa la? Mt lst sanh, hai l trm, bal t dm, bn l ni di, nm l ung ru". Nhng iu nh th gi l tngA-t-m.


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Kit tp ba Php tng xong, ch thin, qu thn, cc rng, thin n mahoa hng tri, trng phan, o tri cc th cng dng, cng dngPhp, v thuyt k:

"V thng xt th gian.Kt tp ba php tng.ng Mi tr lc.Tr, n soi v minh".

Hi: Bt-kin- A-t-m (Astagran - bhidharma), Lc phn(Asatp - bhidharma) t u ra?

p: Lc Pht cn i, php khng c sai tri. Sau khi Pht dit ,kt tp php th nht, cng nh khi cn Pht. M trm nm sau khi Pht

dit , vua A-du-ka (Asoka) m i hi Ban-x Vu-sc (Pncavarsa -parisad), cc i php s lun ngh khc nhau nn c danh t cc b khcnhau. T v sau, ln lt n khi c o nhn B-la-mn tnh l Ca-chin-din, tr tu, li cn, c ht kinh sch tam tng trong ngoi, mungii thch Pht php nn vit lun Pht-tr (Jnnaprasthmstagrantha) gmtm Kin-, phm u l th gian nht php. V sau cc t, v ngisau khng th hiu ht tm Kin-, nn vit ra b lun T-b-sa. C ngini: "Trong su phn A-t-m, phn th ba l Phn bit th x, do Mc-kin-lin son. Trong su phn, phn u gm tm phm, bn phm do B-tu-mt B-tt son, bn phm do A-la-hn nc K-tn (Kasmir) son; cn

nm phm kia do cc lun ngh s son".

Li c ngi ni: "Lc Pht t th, X-li-pht gii li Pht nn sonA-t-m. V sau, o nhn c t tng c, cho n nay gi l X-li-phtA-t-m. V i Ca-chin-din lc Pht tth, v gii li Pht m son T-lc (Petaka - Hip tng) cho n nay lu hnh Nam Thin Trc.

Cc lun ngh s u gii rng li Pht, nh ni nm gii. Trong nmgii y, my gii thuc c sc, my gii thuc v #7855;c? My gii thy c, my gii khng thy c? My gii l c i ngi, my gii lkhng i ngi? My gii l hu lu, my gii l v lu? My gii l hu vi,my gii l v vi? My gii l c qu bo, my gii l khng qu bo? Mygii l thin, my gii l bt thin? My gii l hu k, my gii l v k?

Li c by s l dc nhim s, sn nhu s, Hu i s, kiu mn s, vminh s, kin s, nghi s. Trong by s y, my s h thuc Dc gii, mys h thuc Sc gii, my s h thuc V sc gii? My s do kin on,


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my s do t duy on. My s do thy Kh on, my s do thy Tp on, my s do thy Dit on, my s do thy o on? My s

bin khp, my s khng bin khp?

Li c mi tr l Php tr, T tr, Th tr, Tha tm tr, Kh tr, Tp tr,Dit tr, o tr, Tn tr, V sanh tr. Mi tr y, my thuc Hu lu, mythuc v lu? My thuc Hu vi, my thuc v vi? My tr duyn php Hulu, my tr duyn php v lu? My tr duyn php Hu vi, my tr duyn

php v vi? My tr duyn Dc gii, my tr duyn Sc gii, my tr duynV sc gii? My khng h duyn, my tr tu trong v ngi o, my tr tu trong gii thot o? Khi c bn qu, my tr c, my tr mt? Phn

bit ht thy php nh vy, cng gi l A-t-m; v A-t-m c ba loi: 1-A-t-mThn v Ngha, lc ni c ba mi hai vn li. 2- Su phn, lcni c ni ba mi hai vn li. 3- Tr lc, lc ni c ba mi hai vn li, y

l A-t-m.

Lc ni Tng ngha "Nh vy, ti nghe" xong.

--o0o --

Cun 2

CHNG 3:GII THCH: B-GI-B

KINH: B-gi-b (Bhgavat).LUN:Sao gi l B-gi-b? B-gi (Bhga) l c; B (vat) l c. VyB-gi-b l c c.

Li na, B-gi l phn bit, B l xo. Kho phn bit tng chungtng ring ca cc php, nn gi l B-gi-b.

Li na, B-gi l thanh danh, B l c. Vy l c thanh danh. Thanhdanh khng ai c nh Pht. Chuyn lun Thnh vng, -thch, Phm-

thin, H-th, khng c ai bng Pht, hung nhng ngi phm khc, v csao? V Chuyn lun Thnh vng cn dnh mc vi kit s, m c Phtth xa la kit s. Chuyn lun Thnh vng cn chm trong bn sanh gi

bnh cht; Pht qua khi. Chuyn lun Thnh vng cn lm ti t chon i; Pht xa la vnh vin. Chuyn lun Thnh vng cn trong cnhng tai hon ca th gian, Pht xa la. Chuyn lun Thnh vng cn trong ch v minh tm ti, Pht th trong ch sng sut nht. Chuyn lun
http://www.quangduc.com/luan/34daitrido1-1.html#GI%E1%BA%A2I%20TH%C3%8DCH:%20T%E1%BB%92NG%20THUY%E1%BA%BET%20NH%C6%AF%20TH%E1%BB%8A%20NG%C3%83%20V%C4%82Nhttp://www.quangduc.com/luan/34daitrido1-1.html#GI%E1%BA%A2I%20TH%C3%8DCH:%20T%E1%BB%92NG%20THUY%E1%BA%BET%20NH%C6%AF%20TH%E1%BB%8A%20NG%C3%83%20V%C4%82N


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Thnh vng cng lm l thng lnh bn chu thin h, Pht th thng lnhc v lng th gii. Chuyn lun Thnh vng tin ca t ti, Pht th tmtng t ti. Chuyn lun Thnh vng cn tham cu ci vui ci tri, cnPht cho n ci vui ca ci tri Hu nh cng khng tham m. Chuynlun Thnh vng theo ngi khc cu vui, Pht trong tm t vui. V nhnduyn y, Pht hn Chuyn lun Thnh vng. Cc hng -thch, Phm-thin, H-th cng li nh vy, ch hn Chuyn lun Thnh vng cht t.

Li na, B-gi l ph, B l nng. V l ngi nng ph dm, n, sinn gi l B-gi-b.

Hi: Nh A-la-hn, Bch-chi-Pht cng ph dm, n, si, vi Pht khcg?

p: A-la-hn, Bch-chi-Pht tuy ph ba c nhng khng sch ht khphn. V nh hng trong ng hng tuy ly i m hi vn cn. Linh la t cy, c, ci khi bay m than vn cn, v sc la yu. Pht dthn ba c khng cn tha. V nh lc kip tn, la t ni Tu-di, tt c tai tiu ht, khi khng, than khng. Nh X-li-pht cn tp kh sn nhu,

Nan- cn tp kh dm dc. Tt-lng-gi-b-ta cn tp kh tiu mn. V nhngi b xing chn mi c th ra i khng vng.

By gi Pht t thin nh dy i kinh hnh. La-hu-la i theo, Pht hiLa-hu-la v sao gy m? La-hu-la tha k:

"Nu ngi n du th c sc,Nu ung sa ti th sc tt,Nu n m, rau khng sc, lc.i c Th Tn t nn bit".

Pht hi La-hu-la: "Trong chng ny ai l Thng ta?" La-hu-latha: "Ha thng X-li-pht". Pht ni: "X-li-pht n bt tnh". Bygi X-li-pht nghe ni li li y, tc th ma n, v t th: "T naykhng cn nhn li ngi thnh".

Khi y vua Ba-t-nc, Trng gi Tu-t-a v.v n ch X-li-phtv ni vi X-li-pht: "Pht khng v v s m nhn li thnh, i -li-pht cng khng nhn li thnh, thi k c s o trng chng ti lm saoc c lng tin ln lao thanh tnh". X-li-pht ni: "Pht, i s ca tini: X-li-pht n bt tnh, nay khng c nhn li ngi thnh".


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Lc y vua Ba-t-nc v.v i n ch Pht, bch Pht: " Pht khngthng nhn li ngi thnh, Tn gi X-li-pht cng khng nhn li thnh,thi chng con lm sao c c lng tin ln? Mong Pht sc Tn gi X-li-

pht tr li nhn li ngi thnh". Pht ni "Thy y tm cng ci, khng thlay chuyn".

By gi, Pht dn Nhn duyn Bn sanh: "Xa c mt Quc vng bRn c cn, vua sp mun cht, gi cc lng y n tr c Rn. By gicc lng y ni: "Phi lm cho rn ht li c kh mi ht c".

Khi y cc lng y u c ch thut, con Rn cn vua lin n chvua, cc lng y cht ci v la ln, bo con Rn: "Ngi phi ht li chtc ca ngi, nu khng s phi nhy vo la". Rn c suy ngh: "Ta nh cht c, lm sao ht li, th phi chu cht!" T duy nh tm, lin

nhy vo la. Rn c lc y chnh l X-li-pht, i i tm cng cikhng th lay ng".

Li na, Trng lo Tt-lng Gi-b-ta thng b au mt. ng y khii kht thc thng i ngang qua sng Hng. Khi n bn dng sng, nggy mng tay m ni: "Tiu t, dng li ng cho nc chy". Nc lin rlm hai, ng y qua c, ri i kht thc. Thn sng Hng n ch Pht,

bch Pht: " t ca Pht l Tt-lng Gi-b-ta thng mng ti: "Tiu t,dng li ng cho nc chy". Pht bo Tt-lng Gi-b-ta sm hi thnsng Hng. Tt-lng Gi-b-ta tc th chp tay m ni vi thn sng Hng:

"Tiu t ch gin, nay ta t li nh ngi". Khi y i chng ci ni: "Tisao t li m li mng na?" Pht ni vi thn sng Hng: "ng c thy Tt-lng Gi-b-ta chp tay t li chng? T li l khng c lng kiu mn mni li y, nn bit khng phi l c. Chng qua ng y nm trm i liy, thng sanh trong nh B-la-mn, thng t kiu, cho mnh l cao qy,khinh r ngic, tp kh xa nay nh vy, nn ming ni m tm khngkiu mn".

Nh vy, cc A-la-hn tuy dt kit s m cn c tp kh tn d, cn

nh ch Pht Th Tn, hoc c ngi ly dao ct mt cnh tay, cng nhcon mt bn phi v con mt bn tri, tm Ngi khng thng ght; v Ngivnh vin khng cn tp kh tn d.

Con gi B-la-mn tn l Chin-x (Cinca) n ci bt gi mang bun mng Pht ngay gia i chng rng: "ng lm cho ti c thai sao


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khng chu lo cm o cho ti. ng l ngi khng bit xu, m hoc thinh".

By gi nm trm thy B-la-mn gio gi tay m xng ln: "Phi,phi, chng ta bit vic y". Lc y Pht khng i sc, cng khng thnthng. Vic y tc thi b lt trn ra, t lin ng mnh, ch thin cngdng, ri cc danh hoa, tn thn c ca Pht, Pht cng khng c scmng.

Li na, Pht phi n thc ca nga m cng khng bun bc. Thinvng dng n c trm v, Pht cng khng ly lm mng, nht tmkhng hai.

Nh th , cc th m thc, y phc, nga c, khen, ch, khinh b,

cung knh, tm Ngi vn khng i khc. Cng nh vng tht d t, rn,p, mi vn khng thm bt. V vy, cho nn, A-la-hn tuy on kit s,c o nhng vn cn tn kh, khng c gi l B-gi-b.

Hi:B-gi-b ch c mt danh hiu y hay cn c danh hiu khc?

p:Cng c ca Pht v lng, danh hiu cng v lng. Danhhiu y (B-gi-b) c dng hn c l do nhiu ngi bit n.

* Li c danh hiu khc nh a- A-gi- (Tathgata). Sao gi l

a- A-gi- (Tathgata - Nh Lai)? Nh php tng m hiu, nh phptng m ging thuyt, nh ch Pht theo con ng an n m i n, Phtcng nh vy i n, li khng cn i n trong i sau nn gi l a- A-gi-.* Li c danh hiu A-la-ha (Arhat). Sao gi l A-la-ha? A-la l gic; Ha lgit. A-la-ha gi l git gic, nh k ni:

"Pht ly nhn lm o ng,Ly tinh tn lm gip st,Ly tr gii lm nga hay,

Ly thin nh lm cung tt.Ly tr tu lm tn nhn.Ngoi th ph qun Ma vng,Trong th dit gic phin no,

y gi l A-la-ha".


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Li na, A l chng, La-ha l sanh. A-la-ha l chng sanh. Ha ging Pht tm khng sanh trong tha rung i sau, v v tru v minh lt ri.

Li na, A-la-ha l ng th cng dng. Pht tr ht kit s, cnht thit tr tu, xng ng lnh th s cng dng ca ht thy tri tchng sanh, v th Pht cng gi l A-la-ha.

* Li c danh hiu Tam-miu Tam-Pht- (Samyaksam-Buddha). Tisao gi l Tam-miu Tam-Pht-? Tam-miu l chnh, Tam l bin , Pht- l tri. Tam-miu Tam-Pht- l Chnh bin tri i vi ht thy php.

Hi:Th no l Chnh bin tri?

p:

"Bit Kh ng nh kh tng.Bit Tp ng nh tp tng.Bit Dit ng nh dit tng.Bit o ng nh o tng".

l Tam-miu Tam-Pht-.

Li na, bit tng chn tht ca tt c cc php l bt hoi, bt tngbt gim.

Ti sao gi l tng bt hoi? Con ng tm tng ni nng u ondit, qu hn cc php, nh tng Nit-bn bt ng. V vy gi l Tam-miu Tam-Pht-.

Li na, ht thy danh t ca mi phng th gii, ca chng sanhtrong lc o nhn duyn i trc v ch thc sanh trong v lai ca chngsanh, ht thy tm tng ca mi phng chng sanh, cc kit s, cc thincn, cc o xut ly, ht thy cc php nh vy u bit. y gi l Tam-miu Tam-Pht-.

* Li c danh hiu B-a Gi-la-na Tam-ban-na (Vidya-Caranasampana). Ting Tu dch l Minh hnh tc. Sao gi l Minh hnhtc? Tc mng, thin nhn v lu tn gi l tam minh.

Hi:Thn thng v minh khc nhau nh th no?


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Nh tri V-nu (Visnu), Tu dch l Bin vn, c bn tay, cm T-v(Sankha), nm bnh xe (cakra), ci chim Kim-s. Nh tri Cu-ma-la(Kumara), Tu dch l ng t, tay a cao con G, cm linh, nm phan ,ci chim Khng tc, u l i tng ca ch thin. Cc v nh vy ugi l "i", u xng l Nht thit tr. C ngi theo lm t, hc kinhsch v lnh th gio php ca h, ni l Nht thit tr?

p: khng ng gi l Nht thit tr, v c sao? V tm cn dnhvo sn nhu, kiu mn, nh k ni:

"Hoc thy hnh v, hoc tng t,Hoc nghe trong kinh, hoc nghe khen.Bn loi ch thin nh th y,Mi mi tay cm cc binh kh,

Ai sc khng bng phi s hi,Ai tm bt thin phi s hi,Tri y chc chn lm ngi s,

Nu v sc km th s ngi,i tri y, ht thy thng s,Khng th tr kh cc kh nn.Ngi no phng s hoc cung knhi nay khng khi chm bin kh.Hoc ngi khng cung knh cng dng.i nay chng ngi hng giu vui.

Nn bit l gi di, khng tht.Th nn k tr khng theo tri.

Bi cc chng sanh trong th gian.Theo nghip nhn duyn m lun hi,

Nh duyn phc c sanh thin thng,To nghip nhn duyn sanh loi ngi,Th gian hnh nghip thuc nhn duyn,Th nn k tr khng theo tri".

Li na ba v tri y, thng ai thi mun cho mn nguyn tt c, ghtai thi mun cho by i tiu dit. Lc lm B-tt, nu gp oan gia, gic nmun git, cn t em thn, tht, u, mt, ty no m cho, h hung l khi thnh Pht. Nn ch c Pht mi c danh hiu Pht-, vy phi nn quyy Pht, ly Pht lm thy, khng nn th Tri.


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Li na, Pht c hai s: Mt l sc i cng c thn thng, hai l tmthanh tnh bc nht, cc kit s dt bt. Ch thin tuy c thn lc phcc, m v kit s chng dt nn tm khng thanh tnh, tm khng thanhtnh nn thn lc cng t. Thanh-vn, Bch-chi Pht tuy kit s dt, tmkho thanh tnh nhng v phc c mng nn lc th t. Pht y c haith nn hn ht mi ngi, cc ngi khc khng c nh vy nn gi lV thng s (Sarvanaritama).

B-gi-b (Bhagavat) l c c (Hu c) nh trc ni.

Li c danh hiu A-ta-ma (Atam), Tu dch V ng.

Li c danh hiu A-ta-ma-ta-ma (Atamtam), Tu dch l V ngng.

Li c danh hiu L-ca-na-tha (Lokantha), Tu dch l Th Tn.

Li c danh hiu B-la-gi (Panaga), Tu dch l b ngn.

Li c danh hiu B-n- (Bhadamta), Tu dch l i c.

Li c danh hiu Thi-l-gi-na (Sriguna), Tu dch l Hu c (cdy).

Nh vy c v lng danh hiu.

Tn cha m t l Tt-t-a (Siddharta), Tu dch l Thnh li. Khic o, bit ht thy cc php, nn gi l Pht, bc xng ng lnh th scng dng ca ch thin v ngi i, nh vy c gi l i c, Huc.

Nh vy, ty theo mi c m lp danh hiu.

Hi:V ng a thch Tt-t-a con vua Tnh-phn (Suddhodana) dng

St--li (Ksatriya) nn ht li xng tn l Nht thit tr, ch tht khng cai l ng Nht thit tr, ng khng?

p:Khng phi vy, ngi ni li y l t tm ganh ght Pht nnvng ng nh vy. Tht s c ng Nht thit tr, v sao? i vi ht thychng sanh, Pht c thn sc, nhan mo oan chnh, khng th b c.Tng (laksana), c (guna) v Minh (alaka) y hn ht thy mi


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ngi. Tiu nhn thy thn tng Pht cng bit l ng Nht thit tr, hhung i nhn? Nh trong kinh Phng Ngu th d ni: "Quc vng xMa-gi- (Magadha) l Tn-b-ta-la (Bimbisra) thnh Pht v nm trm t trong ba thng. Vua cn sa ti cng dng Pht v T-kheo Tngnn mi gi nhng ngi chn tru n ni , ngy ngy mang sa tin. Sau ba thng, Vua cm thng nhng ngi chn tru y nn bo: "Ccngi i n hu Pht ri tr v chn tru".

Cc ngi chn tru i n ch Pht, gia ng, cng nhau bnrng: "Chng ta nghe ni Pht l ng Nht thit tr, bn ta l hng tiu nhnh lit, l sao bit c Ngi l ng Nht thit tr hay khng?"

Cc ngi B-la-mn a ung sa, thng qua li ch cc ngi chntru m lm thn thin. Nhng ngi chn tru do c nghe danh hiu

v cc kinh sch ca B-la-mn, nn ni vi nhau: "Phng php tr bnh,phng php chin u, phng php xem tinh t, phng php t tri, cama, phng php lun ngh, nn vn v.v su mi bn th k ngh thgian y, con vua Tnh-phn hc rng nghe nhiu, th bit nhng vic ykhng kh, nhng m t khi sanh n nay khng h chn Tru. Vy chngta hy ly b php chn tru hi, nu gii p c th mi tht l bc

Nht thit tr".

Bn nh vy xong, h cng nhau bc vo vn Trc (Venuvana),thy nh sng ca Pht chiu khp rng, tin ti trc tm Pht; thy Pht

ngi di cy, trng t ni vng, nh sa ti rt vo la, chy rc sngngi, hoc t nh vng rng ri mu T kim trn khp rng Trc, trngkhng bit chn, tm rt hoan h, cng nhau ni:

"Nay, Thch S t ny,C Nht thit tr khng?Trng thy u vui mng,Vic y cng ri.Quang minh sng bc nht,

Nhan mo rt qu trng.Thn tng uy c ,Tng xng danh hiu Pht.Tng, tng u phn minhUy thn cng y ,

Phc c t rng r,Ai thy cng i knh.


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Thn trong vng sng,Ngi xem khng h chn.Nu c Nht thit tr,Tt c cng c y.

Ht thy cc mu v,Tng chu bu trang nghim.Mun snh diu thn ny,

Khng th no snh c.Lm tha mn ngi xem,Khin c vui bc nht,Thy ri sanh tnh tn,Tc l Nht thit tr".

Suy ngh nh vy xong, h l Pht ri ngi xung, hi Pht: "Ngi

chn tru c my iu thnh tu cho by tru nhiu thm v an n? Cmy iu khng thnh tu, khin by tru khng thm, khng an n?" Phtp: "C mi mt iu ngi chn tru lm cho by tru nhiu thm van n. Nhng g l mi mt? l bit sc, bit tng, bit m x, bit chevt thng, bit hun khi, bit ng i tt, bit ch tru thch hp, bitkho a qua sng, bit ch an n, bit gi sa, bit nui tru cha. Nungi chn tru bit mi mt iu ny th c th lm cho by tru thmnhiu v an n. T-kheo cng nh th, nu bit mi mt php th c thlm cho thin php tng trng.

- Sao li gi l bit sc? L bit sc en, sc trng, tp sc. T-kheocng th, bit tt c sc u l t i v t i s to.

- Sao li gi l bit tng? L bit tru c tng tt hay khng ctng tt, khi hp vi by tru khc nhn tng m bit. T-kheo cng nhvy, thy tng thin nghip bit l ngi tr, thy tng c nghip bit lngi ngu.

- Sao li gi l bit m xtru b cc loi trng ht mu th vt thng lra, m x thi tr hi, thi vui ti. T-kheo cng nh vy, b trng gicqun c t ht mu thin cn, tng trng vt thng lng, tr b thi can n.

- Sao li gi l bit che vt thng? L bit ly vi, c, l ngn ngach mui mng chch t. T-kheo cng nh vy, ly php chnh qun


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che vt thng su cn khng b cc c trng phin no tham dc, snnhu chm chch, lm tn thng.

- Sao li gi l bit hun khi? Hun khi l tr mui mng, tru xathy khi th nhm theo m v nh. T-kheo cng nh vy, ng nh iuc nghe m thuyt tr cc mui mng kit s. Dng khi thuyt php dt dn chng sanh i vo nh tht tng khng, v nh.

- Sao li gi l bit ng i? Bit con ng tru i v tt hay xu.T-kheo cng nh vy, bit Tm thnh o c th a n Nit-bn, la conng c on v thng.

- Sao li gi l bit ch tru thch hp? L bit lm cho tru sinh si,an n, t bnh. T-kheo cng nh vy, lc thuyt Pht php, c php h

thanh tnh, cc thin cn tng thnh.- Sao li gi l bit kho a qua sng? Bit ch d vo, d qua, khng

sng d, trng c. T-kheo cng nh vy, hay n ch T-kheo a vn hiphp, ngi thuyt php bit r ngi nghe li cn hay n cn, phin nonh hay nng, khin h kho lo sang b, qua c an n.

- Sao li gi l bit ch an n? Bit ch khng c cp beo, s t, ctrng, c th. T-kheo cng nh vy, bit Bn nim x l an n khng cc Ma, c th phin no. T-kheo vo thi khng hon nn.

- Sao li gi l bit gi sa? Tru m i nim tru con nn cho sa. Vsa gi li mt phn nn tru m vui mng, thi tip ni khng kh kit, chtru v ngi chn tru ngy ngy c ch. T-kheo cng nh vy, hng c so trng cp th o mc, thc n, nn bit tit lng, khng khin khnh kit,thi n vit hoan h, tn tm khng dt, ngi th nhn c y ,khng thiu.

- Sao li gi l bit nui tru cha? Bo h tru c ln, v n gi gnn tru, nn phi nui nng khng m gy, cho ung du m, trang sc

bng anh lc, ra du hiu vi ci T-v st, bit c xt, khen ngi v.v T-kheo cng nh vy. Trong chng Tng c bc i nhn uy c, h tr ch liPht php, hng phc ngoi o, hay khin tm chng gieo trng cc thincn, th nn ty ch s nghi ca bc y m cung knh cng dng".

Cc ngi chn tru nghe ni nh th ri, suy ngh: "Bn ngi chntru chng ta bit c khng qu ba, bn vic, cc ng thy ca chn tru


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bit nhiu hn na cng khng qu nm, su vic". Nay nghe nh vy tnthn l cha tng c: "Nu bit c vic ny, th vic khc cng th. Thtl bc Nht thit tr, khng cn nghi ng g na!"

Nh trong kinh y ni rng, v th nn bit c bc Nht thit tr.

Hi:Th gian ng ra khng c bc Nht thit tr, v sao? V khng aithy bc Nht thit tr?

p:Khng phi vy. Khng thy c hai cch, khng th v khngthy m ni khng c: Mt l, vic tht c, v nhn duyn che lp m khngthy. Cng nh ging h ban s ca ngi, cn nng ca ni Tuyt, hay vs ct bn b sng Hng, tht c m khng th bit. Hai l tht khng c nnkhng thy, nh ci u th hai, cnh tay th ba ca mt ngi, khng c

nhn duyn che lp m vn khng th thy. Cng th, bc Nht thit tr y vnhn duyn che lp m ngi khng thy, ch chng phi khng c bcNht thit tr. Nhn duyn che lp y l nhng g? L cha c c bn tntm, m trc t c. Ngi v nhn duyn y che lp nn khng thy bc

Nht thit tr.

Hi:V nhng iu bit th v lng, nn khng c bc Nht thittr. Cc php v lng v bin, nhiu ngi hp li cn khng bit ni,hung chi mt ngi; v vy khng c bc Nht thit tr?

p:Nh cc php v lng, tr tu cng v lng v s v bin. Nhci hp to th ci np cng to, hp nh th ci np cng nh.

Hi:Pht ch t thuyt Pht php, khng thuyt cc kinh khc nhphng thuc, tinh t, ton s, sch v th gian, nhng php nh th, nu lbc Nht thit tr, ti sao khng thuyt? V th nn bit l chng phi bcNht thit tr?

p:Tuy Pht bit ht thy cc php, nhng c cn dng mi ni,khng cn dng khng ni. C ngi hi mi ni, khng hi khng ni.

Li na, ht thy php lc c ba th: Mt l php hu vi, hai l phpv vi, ba l php khng th ni. Ba th gm ht thy php.

Hi:C mi bn nn vn m Pht khng p, nn bit khng phi lbc Nht thit tr. Mi bn nn vn l nhng g? L: (1-4) Th gii v ngl thng, hay v thng? hay cng thng cng v thng? hay chng phi


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thng chng phi v thng? (5-8) Th gii v ng c bin, hay khngbin? Va cng c bin cng khng bin?; va chng phi c bin chngphi khng bin? (9-12) Sau khi cht c linh hn i n i sau hay khngc linh hn i n i sau? hay cng c linh hn cng khng linh hn i ni sau? hay cng chng phi c linh hn chng phi khng linh hn i ni sau? (13-14) Thn l linh hn? hay thn khc linh hn? Nu Pht l bc

Nht thit tr, v sao khng p mi bn nn vn ny?

p:Vic y khng tht nn khng p. Cc php l thng, khng cl . Cc php l on dit, cng khng c l ; v vy nn Pht khngp. V nh c ngi hi vt sng tru c my u sa. khng phicu hi khng cn p.

Li na, th gii v cng nh bnh xe, khng u, khng cui.

Li na, p vn nn y, khng c li m c hi, l ri vo t c. Phtbit mi bn nn vn y che lp T , che lp Tht tng cc php. Nhch i qua c c th, khng nn dn ngi i qua, ch an n khng honnn, c th ch cho ngi i qua.

Li na, c ngi ni vic y khng phi l bc Nht thit tr thikhng th hiu. V ngi khng th hiu nn Pht khng p.

Li na, nu ngi, vic khng ni c, vic c ni khng, y gi khng

phi l bc Nht thit tr. Bc Nht thit tr th vic c ni c, vic khng nikhng. c Pht, vic c chng ni khng, vic khng chng ni c, ch ni:"Tht tng cc php, sao li khng gi l bc Nht thit tr? V nh mttri, bnh ng chiu khp, khng to nn ch cao thp, cng khng to nn

bnh a. Pht cng nh th, khng khin cho c lm thnh khng, khnglm thnh c, m thng ni v tr tu chn tht chiu soi cc php. Nh cmt o nhn hi Pht: "Mi hai nhn duyn do Pht lm hay do ngikhc lm." Pht ni: "Ta khng lm Mi hai nhn duyn, ngi khc cngkhng lm". D c Pht hay khng c Pht, th sanh vn lm nhn duyncho gi cht, php y quyt nh thng tr. Pht thng ni sanh lm nhnduyn cho gi cht, cho n V minh lm nhn duyn cho cc Hnh.

Li na, trong mi bn nn vn, nu tr li th sai lm. Nh c ngihi a con ca ngi li ci, ca con gi l cao hay thp, p hay xu?iu y khng nn tr li v khng c a con y.


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Li na, mi bn nn vn y l t kin khng chn tht. Pht ch ninhng g chn tht, nn b qua khng p.

Li na, b qua khng p tc l p. C bn cch p: Mt l quytnh p, nh ni Pht l an n nht trong Nit-bn. Hai l gii ngha p.Ba l p bng cch hi tr li. Bn l b qua khng p. ng ni: "khngc bc Nht thit tr", c li y nhng v ngha, y l i vng ng. Tht c

bc Nht thit tr, v sao? V chng c Mi lc nh: V bit y l xhay phi x, v bit nhn duyn qu bo, v bit cc Thin nh gii thot, v

bit cn thin c ca chng sanh, v bit cc th lc dc, tr gii, v bit th v lng tnh ca th gian, v bit ht thy tr x ca o, v bit nh rhnh x ca i trc, v c thin nhn phn minh, v bit ht thy lutn, v bit phn tnh v bt tnh, v thuyt thng php trong ht thy thgii, v c v cam l, v c trung o, v bit tht tng ca ht thy

php hu vi, v vi, v vnh vin xa la tham dc ca ba ci. Do cc nhnduyn nh th nn Pht l bc Nht thit tr.

Hi: C bc Nht thit tr, ai l ngi y?

p: l bc nht i nhn (Mahapurasa), l ng Tam gii tn(Trailoky-yajyestha) hiu l Pht, nh k tn Pht:

"Chuyn lun vng n sanh,Nh mt tri, trng, n

Dng qu tc Thch-ca,Thi t vua Tnh-phn.

Khi sanh ng ba ngn,Tu-di v nc bin,V ph gi, bnh, cht,Thng xt nn ra i.Sanh ra i by bc,

nh sng khp mi phng,Nhn bn phng ni ln:Ta sanh, thai phn ht.Thnh Pht thuyt diu php,Ting ln ging trng php,

gic tnh chng sanh,i ng say v minh.Vic hy hu xut hin,

cc th nh vy,


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y gi l B-gi-b. Ngha ca B-gi-b l v lng, nu ni rngna th s b vic khc, cho nn ni lc.

(Ht cun 2 theo bn Hn)

--o0o --

Cun 3

CHNG4:GII THCH: TR VNG-X THNH

KINH: Tr Thnh Vng-x

LUN:

Hi: Sao khng ni ngay php Bt-nh Ba-la-mt, m ni Pht tr thnh?

p:Ni phng x, thi gian v nhn vt, khin lng ngi sanh tnhtn vy.

Sao gi l tr? Thn c bn oai nghi l: Nm, ngi, i, ng, y gi ltr. Li na, lm khip s bn Ma qun v khin chng t hoan hnhp vo cc Thin nh, cho nn Pht tr thnh Vng-x ny.

Li na, c ba th tr l: Thin tr, Phm tr v Thnh tr. Tr phpca tri Lc dc gi l Thin tr. Tr php ca Phm-thin cho n Phi-phi-tng-thin, y gi l Phm tr. Tr php ca ch Pht, Bch-chi Pht, A-la-hn gi l Thnh tr. Trong ba tr php y, c Pht tr ni tr php ca bcThnh; v thng xt chng sanh nn tr thnh Vng-x.

Li na, lm ba vic b th, tr gii, thin tm gi l Thin tr. Tu bntm v lng l T, Bi, H, X gi l Phm tr. Tu ba tam mui l: Khng,V tng, V tc, gi l Thnh tr. Pht trong tr php ca bc Thnh.

Li na, c bn th tr l: Thin tr, Phm tr, Thnh tr v Pht tr.Ba th nh trn ni. Pht tr l: V lng tam mui nh Th Lng

Nghim v.v Mi lc, Mi tm php bt cng, cc th tu nh Nhtthit tr, v.v v mi tm vn bn ngn mn Php tng ngi. Nhngcng c ca ch Pht nh vy, l ch tr x ca Pht. Pht tr trong .
http://www.quangduc.com/luan/34daitrido1-1.html#GI%E1%BA%A2I%20TH%C3%8DCH:%20T%E1%BB%92NG%20THUY%E1%BA%BET%20NH%C6%AF%20TH%E1%BB%8A%20NG%C3%83%20V%C4%82Nhttp://www.quangduc.com/luan/34daitrido1-1.html#GI%E1%BA%A2I%20TH%C3%8DCH:%20T%E1%BB%92NG%20THUY%E1%BA%BET%20NH%C6%AF%20TH%E1%BB%8A%20NG%C3%83%20V%C4%82N


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Lc ni v "Tr" xong.

Nay ni v "thnh Vng-x"

Hi:Cc i thnh nh X-b-, Ca-t-la, Ba-la-ni u c cc nh

vua, c sao ch gi thnh ny l Vng-x?

p:C ngi ni: Vua nc Ma-kit- (Magadha) c ngi con mtu, hai mt, bn cnh tay. Ngi thi by gi cho l bt tng. Vua lin xthn v u ngi con em qung ra ng vng. N qu La-st tn l X-la,hip thn n li em v nui, sau ln thnh ngi, sc mnh gm thu ccnc, lm vua thin h, bt tm vn bn ngn quc vng, giam trongnm ni ny. Do lc th mnh tr ci Dim-ph-, ngi Dim-ph-nhn gi ni ny l thnh Vng-x.

Li na, c ngi ni rng trong thnh ca vua Ma-kit- trc yb la chy, mi ln chy mi ln lm li, nh th n by ln, quc dn mtmi, vua rt lo s, hp cc ngi tr hi kin, c ngi ni nn i ch ,vua lin tm ch , thy nm ni ny bao quanh nh thnh, lin dng Cungin trong m . Do vy m n c tn l thnh Vng-x.

Li na, thi c i, nc ny c vua tn l B-tu, tm nhm chn thphp, xut gia lm tin nhn. Lc y, cc B-la-mn ti gia cng vi cc tinnhn xut gia lun ngh. B-la-mn ti gia ni: "Kinh th ni: Trong khi t

tri phi git vt v n tht". Cc v tin nhn xut gia li ni: " Trong khi ttri, khng nn git vt, n tht".

H cng nhau tranh ci mi. Cc B-la-mn xut gia ni: " y c vi vng xut gia lm tin nhn, cc ngi tin tng chng?" Cc B-la-mn ti gia ni: "Tin". Cc v tin nhn xut gia ni: "Ta nh ngi ny lmchng, hm sau s hi". Cc B-la-mn ti gia ngay m y, i n trcch tin nhn B-tu, hi mi vic xong, ni vi tin nhn B-tu: "Ngymai lun ngh, ng hy gip chng ti".

Nh vy, ngy mai khi lun ngh, cc tin nhn xut gia hi tin nhnB-tu: "Trong khi t tri, c nn git vt n tht chng?" Tin nhn B-tup: "Theo php ca B-la-mn, trong khi t tri nn git vt n tht ". Cctin nhn xut gia hi tip: "Cn tht tm ng th sao, c nn git vt n thtchng?" Tin nhn B-tu ni: "V t tri nn git vt n tht. Con vt b chttrong khi t tri , s c sinh ln tri". Cc tin nhn xut gia ni: "ngni khng phi, ng i vng ng!" Ri h lin tha m, ni: "Ngi l k


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mc ti, dit i!". Lc y, tin nhn B-tu lin b chn xung t, lt mtc. l cnh ca ban u m ra cho k c ti ln. Cc tin nhn xut giani: "Ngi nn ni tht, nu c vng ng th thy ngi s b chn votrong t". Tin nhn B-tu ni: "Ti bit v t tri m git vt n tht,khng ti". Tc th li b chn vo trong t n u gi. Nh vy, chn dnn lng, n c. Cc tin nhn xut gia ni: "Ngi nay vng ng, th phichu qu bo hin ti nh th; cn nu nh ngi ni tht, tuy b chn xungt nhng chng ti vn c th cu ngi ra, tha ti cho".

By gi tin nhn B-tu t suy ngh: "Ta l ngi qu trng, khngnn ni hai li. Li trong bn php V- ca B-la-mn, c ni nhnduyn khen ngi php t tri; ch ta mt ngi cht c g k", nn vnmt lng ni: " Trong php t tri, git vt n tht khng ti". Cc tin nhnxut gia ni: " Ngi l k trng ti, dit i, khng cn nhn thy ngi

na!". Khi y ton thn B-tu b chm trong lng t.

T v sau v cho n ngy nay, thng theo vng php ca tinnhn B-tu, mi khi t tri u git vt. ng lc h ao git th ni " B-tu git ngi".

Con ca B-tu tn l Qung-xa, k v lm vua, sau cng nhm chnth php, nhng li khng th xut gia. Qung-xa suy ngh nh vy: "Tinvng cha ta xut gia m b chn sng, nu tr v thin h, th cn gy tiln. Ta nay nn t x th no y?" Trong lc suy ngh nh th, vua bng

nghe trong h khng c ting ni: "Ngi nu i n gp ch m ngi thyhim c, kh gp c, th ngi nn lm nh trong m ".

Ni li y xong, lin khng cn nghe ting na. Cha bao lu, vua isn, thy mt con Nai chy mau nh gi, vua ui theo m khng kp, bnui mi khng dng, b quan ty tng khng ai theo kp c. i dn titrc, vua thy c nm hn ni bao vy nghim ngt vng chc, t bng

phng, c non nh mn, hoa p khp ni, th cy rng, hoa qu y dy,sui m, ao tm u trong sch. t y trang nghim, ni ni c ri hoa tri,hng tri, nghe tu nhc tri. Lc by gi, cc k nhc Cn-tht-b vathy vua li, u t rt lui, vua ngh: "y l ch hy hu cha tng thy, vyng l ta nn lm nh m y".

Dai Tri Do Luan 1 - HT Thien Sieu Dich

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