San Diego Regional Support for Tailpipe Endgame project with AB 118 Investment Plan
DACdels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/basc/miscellaneous/dac...–DAC carbon is cost competitive...
Transcript of DACdels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/basc/miscellaneous/dac...–DAC carbon is cost competitive...
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DAC
Peter Eisenberger
National Academy Webinar
Oct 5 2017
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Main Points
• DAC can be low cost – Privately funded efforts have made a lot of progress since APS – APS flaw - Sherwood does not apply (Klaus )
• Low pressure drop contactor
– Very different processes from APS report • GT example ( Can provide more details if requested)
• DACU(S) has great economic potential (Details in written submission)
– CO2 is useful and is ALSO a good feedstock for carbon – DAC carbon is cost competitive with fossil carbon – Low on learning curve/ mass production capability/jobs (Klaus) – Avoids transportation costs /Provides supply control
• Public funding of DAC R&D needed – Role in CDR – High priority- a publically funded commercial demo to verify costs – R&D on DAC and uses of the CO2 (Details in written submission)
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GT Pilot Plant at SRI - Operational & Tested in October 2010
5 Carbon Engineering and Climeworks also have had large scale pilot plants –DAC works –cost is the issue
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2017 -Global Thermostat Commercial Modules
Containerized Version to be installed in 2018
Containerized GT-DAC 3x 40’ ISO process containers 4,000 tonnes CO2 / year
Full-scale GT-DAC 18m tall, 50m long, 6m wide 50,000 tonnes CO2 / year Larger installations are comprised of multiple modules
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Pathway to Low Cost DAC Low Capex – High throughput Low Opex –efficient use of low grade steam
Step 1: Air Input
• GT uses monolith contactors like those in a tailpipe catalytic converter
• Contactors provide high surface contact areas at low pressure drop
• Enables movement of large air volumes with effective contact of CO2 at low cost
• Sherwood does not apply
Step 2: Carbon Capture
• GT sorbents proven highly effective by Georgia Tech - confirmed by SRI, BASF,
Corning, and DN Veritas
• Process to deposit immobilized amines in pores of the contactor walls at high
loading by Corning, Haldor Topsoe, Applied Catalysts
Step 3: Regeneration
• CO2-rich sorbent is heated by condensing low-temperature process heat 95 C steam
• CO2 is collected and sorbent is regenerated (thermal and sweep gas cycle)
• 98.5 % + pure CO2 can be stored or used in multiple commercial applications
• 16 minute cycle per panel for DAC
Step 4: Heat Transfer
• Neighboring module has completed Step 2, and enters its regeneration box
• That box is evacuated, and connected to the hot box from which CO2 was just
removed
• Water evaporates from hot monoliths (cooling them) and condenses on cool
monoliths, warming them
• This sharing provides 50% of the heat for the cool monoliths
GT Module Adsorption
Phase
Regeneration
Phase
Monolith Contactors
+ Sorbent
“Cartridge”
95° Steam CO2
Collection
GT Module Adsorption
Phase
Regeneration
Phase Ambient Air
Monolith Contactors
+ Sorbent
“Cartridge”
`
GT Module Adsorption
Phase
Regeneration
Phase
Ambient Air
Monolith Contactors
+ Sorbent
“Cartridge”
GT Module Adsorption
Phase
Regeneration
Phase
Monolith Contactors
+ Sorbent
“Cartridge”
Evacuated
steam from hot
box to
neighboring
box/module
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Differences from APS Study -Enabling Low Cost DAC
Contactor Efficiency • Honeycomb monoliths have very high {Surface Area} / {Pressure Drop} / {$}
• Channels parallel to the direction of flow minimize pressure drop , maximizing contact area, diffusion of CO2 onto active material orthogonal to flow
• High throughput (5m/sec), low pressure drop,100- 200 pascals • low capital cost/tonne
• Sherwood rule not followed(Klaus) –first steps costs of contacting and capturing comparable to downstream costs of regeneration /distribution and use • Klaus / wind / passive approach
Regeneration Efficiency & Heat Recovery • By using steam as sweep gas in addition to heat transfer fluid, the temperature of
regeneration is significantly reduced • Evolved CO2 is rapidly swept away from the surface, depressing the effective PCO2
experienced by the desorbing media • Sensible heat is recycled by coupling two regeneration boxes in opposite phase
• 50% reduction in sensible heat requirement by preheating a full canister by evaporatively cooling an empty canister
• Uses 4 gigajoules/tonne of low temperature 95 c heat- available at very low cost
R&D WILL PRODUCE OTHER NOVEL PROCESSES AND COST REDUCTIONS
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Technology Partners-Based Upon Commercial Use
Partner Activity Relationship Terms
SRI International Pilot plant operation and R&D; lab testing Contract R&D
BASF Sorbent development/supply; lab testing Strategic Supplier
Haldor Topsoe, Corning Monolith development/supply Joint development, Strategic Supplier
Linde Carburetor Pilot/EPC Contractor EPC Contractor
Georgia Tech Sorbent R&D; contactor testing Contract R&D
Streamline Automation System design, engineering, fabrication Contract EPC
Carmagen Engineering System design, engineering, optimization Contract consulting
G.A. West Mass fabrication, EPC contractor Manufacturing
Applied Catalysts Contactor, sorbent development/supply Joint development, Strategic Supplier
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Third Party Reports, Visits Operation
Visits, Operations
Corning, BASF, SABIC, Reliance, Linde, Praxair, NRG, 10’s of others
Detailed Third party reports completed by:
Det Norske Veritas (Global risk and technology assessment firm)
Linde (Leading world supplier of industrial gases and engineering services)
NRG / Sargent and Lundy (Owner / EPC of 1.6MMta Petra Nova CO2 capture plant)
Reports validate technology and cost curve advancements to <$50/MT for GT DAC
GT DAC CO2 Technology has been validated Third-party reports confirm technology and cost trajectory
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General Characteristics for
40 GT per year DAC CDR Capacity
• Mass production possible (Klaus) –offers lower costs • Energy Use – run by renewable energy preferred
– Energy efficiency achieved by cogeneration
• Land Use – less than 1% the footprint needed for solar to meet our energy needs
• No environmental or operational constraints (Klaus) • At full capacity by 2050
– $50 per tonne x 40 GT = 2 trillion – less than 1% GGDP IN 2050 BUT IT IS NOT ONLY A COST IT WILL CREATE WEALTH AND JOBS
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CCS
Plan till Paris
Permanent &
safe
disposal
CO2 from
concentrated
sources-
Avoided
Carbon
Capture from power
plants, cement, steel,
refineries, etc.
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DACU(S) Renewable Energy and Materials Economy
DAC CO2
extraction from air
CO2 Uses
Carbon
Neutral
Fuels
CO2 Uses
Carbon
Negative
Materials
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Monetization of DAC Negative CO2
1. Enhanced Oil Recovery (remote places not accessible by a pipeline) +
2. Industrial Gases (refrigeration for developing world) =
3. Gas to liquids +
4. Gas to methanol +
5. Synthetic fuel (CO2 + H2) =
6. Re-mineralization of desalinated water –
7. Algae Fuels( biochar) -
8. Algae Fertilizer (replaces energy intensive ammonia process) -
9. CO2 enrichment agricultural and horticultural applications -
10. Geothermal electricity –
11. Chemicals/Plastics -
12. Carbon Fibers , Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene Composites -
KEY
Carbon LCA with respect to atmosphere: + increase (avoided carbon)
= no change (avoided carbon)
- Carbon negative
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DAC Carbon Competitive with Fossil Carbon
• CO2 Economically Viable at $50/tonne-high value of CO2 – Currently CO2 in developing world sold for over $1000 /tonne
– Adds less than 50 cts to a gallon of gasoline – hydrogen is the challenge
– One tonne of CO2 yields over $1000 dollars of plastic
– One tonne of CO2 yields close to $10,000 of carbon fiber
– One tonne of CO2 emitted from natural gas produces only $160 of electricity
• Energy to separate Carbon from Oxygen – Less than needed per structure to separate iron and aluminum
– Comparable to energy to produce carbon from hydrocarbons
• Generic Advantages – Low transportation costs
– Supply control
– Predictable Costs ( eg natural gas and oil volatile )
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Conclusions
• Private efforts demonstrated low cost potential – Great Potential for wealth and job creation
• One is at the beginning of the DAC learning curve – Only limited largely privately funded efforts
• DAC potential not understood –though since Paris more interest – Absence of public efforts
• High priority – Publically funded commercial demo to show low cost
• R&D program – Sorbents – Contactors – Novel processes – Uses of CO2