DAC BIOFERTILISER
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Transcript of DAC BIOFERTILISER
BiofertilizersAn input less exploited
A.K. YadavNational Centre of Organic Farming
Ghaziabad
Types of BiofertilizersBiofertilizers covered under FCO
Other Biofertilizers not covered in FCO
RhizobiumAzotobacterAzospirillumPSBMycorrhiza
AcetobacterFraturia aurantiaPseudomonas as PGPRMixed culturesEffective microorganisms
Advantages of Biofertilizer UseN-Biofertilizers can provide 25-30% of chemical fertilizer
equivalent NPSB biofertilizer can provide 12-20 kg P2O5/ha/season
Mycorrhiza can provide adequate, P, other micro nutrients and help in increased water absorption
Mixed biofertilizer give better impactKeep soils biologically activeHelp in soil health maintenance
Economics of biofertilizer use (Liquid)
Biofertilizer/ crop Quantity required lit/ha
Cost of application (Rs/ha)
Amount of nutrient mobilized kg/ha
Rhizobium in legumes 0.2-1.0 lit 40 - 200 25 – 35 kg N
Azotobacter/ Azospirillum in non-legumes
0.5 – 2.0 lit 80 - 400 20 - 25 kg N
Azoto+Azosp+PSB 0.5 – 2.0 lit 80 - 400 20 kg N + 12 kg P
Mixed inoculants 0.5 – 2.0 lit 80 - 400 25 kg N +15 kg P
Mycorrhiza 2.00 – 5.00 kg
200-500 20-25 kg P + micronutrients+ moisture
Quality Specifications under FCO(i) Base Carrier based* in form of moist/dry
powder or granules, or liquid based
(ii) Viable cell count CFU minimum 5x107 cell/g of powder, granules or carrier material or 1x108 cell/ml of liquid.
(iii) Contamination level No contamination at 105 dilution
(iv) pH 6.5-7.5
(v) Particles size in case of carrier based material.
All material shall pass through 0.15-0.212mm IS sieve
(vi) Moisture percent by weight, maximum in case of carrier based.
30-40%
Efficiency Requirement for Strains usedS. No.
Parameter Specification requirement
(vii) Efficiency charactera.For Rhizobium
b.For Azotobacter
c.For Azospirillum
a.For PSB
Should show effective nodulation on all the species listed on the packet.
The strain should be capable of fixing at least 10 mg of nitrogen per g of sucrose consumed
Formation of white pellicle in semisolid N-free bromothymol blue media
The strain should have phosphate solubilizing capacity in the range of minimum 30%, when tested spectrophotometrically. In terms of zone formation, minimum 5mm solubilization zone in prescribed media having at least 3mm thickness
Specifications for Mycorrhizai. Form/base Fine Powder/ tablets/ granules/ root
biomass mixed with growing substrate
ii. Particle size for carrier based powder formulations
90% should pass through 250 micron IS sieve (60 BSS)
iii. Moisture content percent maximum
8 -12
iv. pH 6.0 to 7.5
v. Total viable propagules/ gm of product, minimum
100 /gm of finished product
V. Infectivity potential 80 infection points in test roots/gm of mycorrhizal inoculum used
Quality control Issues for other Microbial formulationsStudies are being made to define minimum
standards and testing protocols for all biological and organic inputs at NCOF
5 biofertilizers and 3 organic fertilizers covered under FCO
Efforts are under way to define standards and quality methods for Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, Mixed cultures, KMB and EM
Production Scenario
Important Biofertilizer Producing States
Above Six states account for 86% of total Biofertilizer production in the country
Production Technology Biofertilizer
Carrier based Liquid basedAdvantages•Cheap•Easier to produce •Less investmentDisadvantages•Low shelf life•Temperature sensitive•Contamination prone•Low cell count•Less effective•Automation difficult
Advantages•Longer shelf life•Easier to produce•Temperature tolerant•High cell count•Contamination free•More effectiveDisadvantages•High cost•Higher investment for production unit
Poor AcceptabilityPoor Acceptability among farmers may be
attributed to:
a.Inconsistent responses
b.Poor quality of carrier based products
c.Sensitivity to temperature and short shelf life
d.Non-compatibility with chemical seed dressers/ fertilizers
e.Poor organic carbon in soils
f. Dependence for supply on Government system
Corrective measures needed at production stagePoor quality unsterile carrier is biggest constraintReplace lignite/ charcoal with other carriers having high
moisture potentialSuch as Exfoliated vermiculite, ppt grade silica, Quartz or
inert mineral powder enriched with synthetic water holding gels.
All carriers must be sterilized andProduct handling process must be automaticProduct must be free from contamination
Liquid Biofertilizers Ideal SolutionEfforts needed to replace existing carrier based system
to liquid system as it is:
a.Easier to produce
b.100% automation possible
c.Product can be 100% sterile
d.Offer higher shelf life, higher cell count
e.Temperature tolerant
f. Easy to apply through mechanical means
Under Network Project on Biofertilizers, ICAR has launched liquid formulations. Details available from NCOF/ICAR
Need for State-of-the-Art Production unitsCertificate of manufacture to be granted only to the
competent unitsHaving fully automatic product handling and packaging
systemCarrier sterilization facilityLiquid production units with fully automatic operation be
preferredSmall units with manual production systems and small
fermenters/shake flask are not successful
Corrective measures Needed In ApplicationEfficiency of biofertilizers depend on organic
carbon in soil
a.Use both as seed treatment and soil treatment
b.For soil treatment mix with compost
c.PSB to be used as soil treatment with compost
d.Mixed application of biofertilizers to be promoted
Introduction of Mixed Inoculants
Use of multiple incoulants have proved beneficial over single inoculants
Many producers have launched mixed liquid inoculants having Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB.
NCOF has found them suitable with individual count of 1x107 and total count > 5x 108
States can promote use of mixed inoculants
Under Network Project on Biofertilizers, ICAR has launched liquid formulations for such mixed inoculants. Details available from NCOF/ICAR
Encourage Direct supply to farmersMajority of the biofertilizer is being routed
through Government agencies which needs to be discontinued
Encourage producers to develop direct marketing channels and supply to farmers directly.
Subsidy can be provided on the lines of chemical fertilizers to the manufacturers or to the farmers directly.
Financial Support Adequate financial support is available under
most of the schemes both for capital investment and supply of produce
Subsidy at 25% of TFO up to Rs. 40 lakh available through Banks/NABARD under NPOF
States can also avail assistance under RKVY
North and Eastern state Need to Give AttentionSouthern states have successfully harvested the
potential of biofertilizers.States of Maharashtra and MP have also fared wellBut other states are legging behindPSB is the most potential biofertilizer and needs to
be promoted on priorityPSB strains are not affected by high fertilizer dosesPunjab, Haryana and UP to chalk out specific
strategies
7
2
3
34
54
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
North
East
North East
West
South
Need to Harvest growing fixed nutrient reserveOut of total P, K and micronutrients, 70% gets
fixed and remain in soilReserve is increasingMicrobial enrichment of soil is only optionTherefore multiple microorganism cultures need
to be providedPSB, KMB, EM and ZnSB application is to
resorted on regular basis
Mycorrhiza a potential biofertilizerMycorrhiza a potential biofertilizer mobilizes P, Fe,
Zn, B and other trace elementsAlso supplies moisture from far-off nichesIdeal for long duration cropsSuch as Sugarcane, fruit plants and plantation cropsFound to be effective in cereals and millet crops alsoBeing dry powder resistant to contamination and can
be stored up to 2 years.
Other BiofertilizersIndustry has launched many new biofertilizers. They have been found to
be effective and needs to be promoted
Acetobacter diazotrophicus – Endophytic N-fixer in sugarcane
K-mobilizer (Fraturia and Bacillus sp)
Zn- solubilizer (Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Thiobacillus)
EM- Effective microorganisms – a mixture of Yeasts, Lactobacillus and
Rhodopseudomonas. Excellent for quick residue degradation and fixed
nutrient solubilization
Use Biofertilizers
For Healthy and living soil