D5 Silicone Replacement Gels - Essential Ingredients Replacement Products.pdf · D5 Silicone...
Transcript of D5 Silicone Replacement Gels - Essential Ingredients Replacement Products.pdf · D5 Silicone...
Contents What is Cyclopentasiloxane?
What current products do Elementis Specialties
have to offer as alternatives?
What new products do Elementis Specialties have
to offer as alternatives?
What are the flash points of these materials?
How do the alternatives compare for volatility?
How do the alternatives compare in feel?
How do the alternatives compare for spreading
ability?
How do the alternatives compare for interfacial surface
tension?
How do I incorporate these products into my
formulations?
Summary of results
1
A: Cyclopentasiloxane is a cyclic silicone fluid, see Figure 1. It is commonly used indeodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays, skincare and hair conditioners. Cyclopentasiloxane isan emollient which evaporates quickly leaving a smooth dry finish on the skin and hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane has been identified in Canada as a potential concern to theenvironment based on information relating to bioaccumulation.
Q: What is Cyclopentasiloxane?
Figure 1. Cyclopentasiloxane structure
Typical PropertiesProperty Specification
Appearance Clear Liquid
Flash Point (°C) 77
2
Table 1. Typical Properties of Cyclopentasiloxane
Q: What current products do Elementis Specialtieshave to offer as alternatives?
3
BENTONE GEL® products in the current Elementis Specialties product range can be used
to replace Cyclopentasiloxane containing BENTONE GEL® VS-5PC V and BENTONE
GEL® VS-5 V in a formulation. Here is a list of products currently offered by Elementis
Specialties:
BENTONE GEL® OMS V : C11-12 Isoparaffin (and) Disteardimonium
Hectorite (and) SD Alcohol Denat
Similar volatility as Cyclopentasiloxane BENTONE GEL® products
Skin conditioning emollient
BENTONE GEL® ISD V : Isododecane (and) Disteardimonium
Hectorite (and) Propylene Carbonate
Volatile emollient
Leaves a dry, non-greasy skin feel
BENTONE GEL® SS-71 V : Petroleum Distillates (and)
Disteardimonium Hectorite (and) Propylene Carbonate
Volatile emollient
BENTONE GEL® PTM V : Phenyl Trimethicone (and)
Disteardimonium Hectorite (and) Triethyl Citrate
Non-volatile
Gives gloss and shine
1
2
3
4
Six alternatives to BENTONE GEL® VS-5PC V and BENTONE GEL® VS-5 V, which are
made using Cyclopentasiloxane, have been developed by Elementis Specialties. These
are experimental products, which are not commercially available yet:
C13-16 Isoparaffin (and) C12-14 Isoparaffin (and) C13-15 Alkane (and)
Disteardimonium Hectorite (and) Triethyl Citrate
Provides superior spreading and lubricity properties with unique volatility and
solubility characteristics.
Isononyl Isononanoate (and) Disteardimonium Hectorite (and)
Propylene Carbonate
Non volatile light emollient with soft, non greasy skin feel
Excellent spreadability
Methylheptyl Isostearate (and) Disteardimonium Hectorite (and)
Propylene Carbonate
Non volatile skin conditioning emollient
Methyl Trimethicone (and) Disteardimonium Hectorite (and) Triethyl
Citrate
Volatile silicone with low freezing point
Volatility similar to Cyclopentasiloxane
Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate (and) Disteardimonium Hectorite
(and) Propylene Carbonate
Extremely light, non-greasy, velvety dry ester.
Ultra-dry initial feel and subtle after feel similar to Cyclopentasiloxane
Trisiloxane (and) Disteardimonium Hectorite (and) Triethyl Citrate
Highly volatile Polydimethylsiloxane
Q: What new products do Elementis Specialties haveto offer as alternatives?
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
5
Q: What are the flash points of these materials?
Table 2. Flash points of raw materials
Raw Material Flash Point (°C) Flash Point (°F)
Cyclopentasiloxane 77 171
C11-12 Isoparaffin >56 >133
Isododecane 43 109
Petroleum Distillates 49 120
Phenyl Trimethicone 101 214
C13-16 Isoparaffin, C12-14 Isoparaffin, C13-15
Alkane
57 134
Isononyl Isonananoate 145 290
Methylheptyl Isostearate >170 >338
Methyl Trimethicone 64 148
Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate 190 374
Trisiloxane 30 86
6
Volatility Test MethodAll BENTONE GEL® products, Cyclopentasiloxane alternatives and the individual solvents
used to make the BENTONE GEL® products were evaluated for volatility. 1g of product
was spread evenly on a piece of filter paper in a petri dish. This was stored at 25°C and
65% relative humidity. The weight of the petri dish was measured at intervals of 10
minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours.
Figure 2. Volatility testing
7
All BENTONE GEL® products and Cyclopentasiloxane alternatives were evaluated for
volatility as described on page 6. Figure 3 shows the volatility of all the products. The
BENTONE GEL® made with Trisiloxane was the most volatile. BENTONE GEL® PTM V
and those made with Methylheptyl Isostearate, Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate and
Isononyl Isonananoate were not volatile.
Q: How do these products compare for volatility?%
Vol
atili
ty
10
20
30
60
40
50
70
Volatility of BENTONE GEL® Products and Alternatives to Cyclopentasiloxane
Figure 3. Volatility of BENTONE GEL® products and alternatives
BENTONE GEL® OMS V
BENTONE GEL® ISD V
BENTONE GEL® SS-71 V
BENTONE GEL® PTM VMethylheptyl Isostearate
Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate
C13-16 Isoparaffin, C12-14Isoparaffin, C13-15 Alkane
Isononyl Isonananoate
Methyl Trimethicone
Trisiloxane
Time (minutes)0 20 40 60 12080 100 140 160 180
BENTONE GEL® VS-5 V
BENTONE GEL® VS-5PC V
All solvents used in the solvents were evaluated for volatility as described on page 6.
Trisiloxane was the most volatile whereas Phenyl Trimethicone, Methylheptyl Isostearate,
Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate and Isononyl Isonananoate were not volatile, see Figure
4.
8
Q: How do the solvents compare for volatility?%
Vol
atili
ty
10
20
30
60
40
50
70
Figure 4. Volatility of solvents
Time (minutes)0 20 40 60 12080 100 140 160 180
Cyclopentasiloxane
C11-12 Isoparaffin
Isododecane
Petroleum Distillates
Phenyl Trimethicone
Methylheptyl Isostearate
Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate
C13-16 Isoparaffin,C12-14 Isoparaffin,C13-15 Alkane
Isononyl Isonananoate
Methyl Trimethicone
Trisiloxane
80
90
100Volatility of Solvents
Skin Feel Test Method
9
To measure the skin feel of the individual solvents they were each applied to 2 pieces of
paper with film thickness of 30 µm and left to dry. One piece of paper was cut to the
same size as the sled an attached to this. The coefficient of friction was measured using
a friction/peel tester, with a stroke length of 50mm at 0.125Hz with an applied load of
2N.
Figure 5. Friction/Peel Tester
Q: How do these products compare in feel?
10
Lubricity of all the solvents and oils were measured to compare coefficient of friction. The
coefficient of friction can be used to give an indication of the after feel of the product on
the skin. Products with a low coefficient of friction give a smooth and silky after-feel.
Products with a high coefficient of friction can be used in long-lasting wear products. The
results in Figure 6 show the difference in friction between the blank paper and the paper
with product.
Kin
etic
Coe
ffici
ent o
f Fric
tion
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.014
0.01
0.012
0.016
Difference in Coefficient of Friction Solvents Compared to Blank Paper
Figure 6. Kinetic coefficient of friction compared to blank paper
Cyc
lope
ntas
iloxa
ne
C11
-12
Isop
araf
fin
Isod
odec
ane
Pet
role
um D
istil
late
s
Phe
nyl T
rimet
hico
ne
Met
hylh
epty
l Iso
stea
rate
Neo
pent
yl G
lyco
l Dih
epta
noat
e
C13
-16
Isop
araf
fin,
C12
-14
Isop
araf
fin, C
13-1
5 A
lkan
e
Ison
onyl
Ison
anan
oate
Met
hyl T
rimet
hico
ne
Tris
iloxa
ne0
0.002
-0.002
0.018
Spreading Test Method
11
Product spreading ability was evaluated by measuring the contact angle of the liquid on
Transpore tape using a Tensiometer, see Figure 7. A measured amount of liquid was
dropped onto a glass slide covered with Transpore tape. A high speed digital camera
took a picture of the droplet after 1 second. This was then analysed by the computer, see
Figure 8.
Figure 7. Tensiometer
Figure 8. Contact angle measurement
Q: How do these products compare for spreading?
12
Product spreading was evaluated by measuring the contact angle of the liquid on
Transpore tape as described on page 11. The contact angle is the angle formed by a
liquid on a solid surface and measures the ability of a liquid to spread on the skin. The
lower the contact angle, the better the spreading ability. Liquids with a high contact angle,
which do not spread easily are useful for targeted delivery formulations. Figure 9
compares the contact angles of the solvents after 1 second.
Con
tact
Ang
le in
Deg
rees
(°)
15
20
25
40
30
35
45
Contact Angles of Solvents at 1 Second
Figure 9. Contact angles of solvents
5
10
0
Cyc
lope
ntas
iloxa
ne
C11
-12
Isop
araf
fin
Isod
odec
ane
Pet
role
um D
istil
late
s
Phe
nyl T
rimet
hico
ne
Met
hylh
epty
l Iso
stea
rate
Neo
pent
yl G
lyco
l Dih
epta
noat
e
C13
-16
Isop
araf
fin,
C12
-14
Isop
araf
fin, C
13-1
5 A
lkan
e
Ison
onyl
Ison
anan
oate
Met
hyl T
rimet
hico
ne
Tris
iloxa
ne
Interfacial Surface Tension Test Method
13
Interfacial surface tension was evaluated by measuring using a Tensiometer as seen in
Figure 7. The solvent was expelled in a controlled manner from the syringe. A high
speed digital camera took a photograph of the droplet before discharged from the syringe.
The shape of the droplet is determined by gravity elongating the droplet and the interfacial
surface tension forcing the droplet into a sphere. The shape of the droplet was analysed
by the computer to generate the interfacial surface tension, as shown in Figure 11.
Figure 10. Interfacial surface tension measurement
Q: How do these products compare for interfacialsurface tension?
14
Interfacial surface tension gives an indication of the wetting and dispersing properties of
the solvents. A low interfacial surface tension indicates excellent wetting and dispersing
of pigments and actives.
Inte
rfac
ial S
urfa
ce T
ensi
on (m
N/m
)
5
10
15
30
20
25
35
Interfacial Surface Tension of Solvents
Figure 11. Interfacial surface tension of solvents
0
Cyc
lope
ntas
iloxa
ne
C11
-12
Isop
araf
fin
Isod
odec
ane
Pet
role
um D
istil
late
s
Phe
nyl T
rimet
hico
ne
Met
hylh
epty
l Iso
stea
rate
Neo
pent
yl G
lyco
l Dih
epta
noat
e
C13
-16
Isop
araf
fin,
C12
-14
Isop
araf
fin, C
13-1
5 A
lkan
e
Ison
onyl
Ison
anan
oate
Met
hyl T
rimet
hico
ne
Tris
iloxa
ne
Batch ProcessingSingle Phase SystemsAlways add the BENTONE GEL®, under shear, to a portion of the organic component or
solvent with which it is most compatible. Mix until homogeneous before adding the other
ingredients.
Multi-Phase Systems (e.g. emulsions) Treat as with the single phase but always ensure the BENTONE GEL® additive is
thoroughly mixed in before continuing to the emulsification stage.
Continuous Processing The BENTONE GEL® should be added to the oil phase at any convenient point, which
meets the above guidelines for batch processing. In multi-manifold systems, a flowable
pre-mix of the BENTONE GEL® with a compatible oil or
solvent should be made in a side vessel.
Where only lower shear mixing equipment is available, stir
the BENTONE GEL® and slowly add the most compatible
component gradually, always ensuring the mixture remains
homogeneous at each stage.
Q: How do I incorporate the product into myformulations?
A: A BENTONE GEL® may be added to the oil phase of a
formulation at any convenient stage during the
manufacturing cycle. This is a very high viscosity, shear-
thinning product. To ensure good homogeneous mixing is
achieved, care should be taken to overcome the large
viscosity differential existing between the BENTONE GEL®
and the other lower viscosity components. The use of
medium to high shear mixing equipment is recommended.
Thorough mixing of the BENTONE GEL® in the oil phase
should be ensured before continuing to the next processing
step, such as emulsification.
15
Summary
16
Lowest
Flash PointBENTONE
GEL® Volatility
Solvent Volatility Coefficient of
Friction
Contact Angle Interfacial
Surface Tension
MethylheptylIsostearate
C11-12 Isoparaffin
Neopentyl GlycolDiheptanoate
MethylheptylIsostearate
C13-16 Isoparaffin, C12-14 Isoparaffin,C13-15 Alkane
Isononyl Isonananoate
Neopentyl GlycolDiheptanoate
Isononyl Isonananoate
Trisiloxane Trisiloxane Phenyl Trimethicone
Isononyl Isonananoate Isododecane
BENTONE GEL®
ISD V C11-12 Isoparaffin MethylheptylIsostearate
Phenyl Trimethicone
Neopentyl GlycolDiheptanoate
Neopentyl GlycolDiheptanoate
Methyl Trimethicone
Petroleum Distillates Trisiloxane Petroleum
DistillatesPetroleum Distillates
MethylheptylIsostearate
BENTONE GEL®
SS-71 VMethyl Trimethicone
Petroleum Distillates
C13-16 Isoparaffin, C12-14 Isoparaffin,C13-15 Alkane
Phenyl Trimethicone
IsononylIsonananoate
BENTONE GEL®
OMS V
C13-16 Isoparaffin, C12-14 Isoparaffin,C13-15 Alkane
C13-16 Isoparaffin, C12-14 Isoparaffin,C13-15 Alkane
C11-12 Isoparaffin Trisiloxane
Phenyl Trimethicone
BENTONE GEL®
VS-5 V Isododecane Methyl Trimethicone Isododecane Methyl
Trimethicone
CyclopentasiloxaneC13-16 Isoparaffin,C12-14 Isoparaffin,C13-15 Alkane
Cyclopentasiloxane Cyclopentasiloxane Cyclopentasiloxane Cyclopentasiloxane
Methyl Trimethicone
BENTONE GEL®
VS-5PC VNeopentyl GlycolDiheptanoate C11-12 Isoparaffin Methyl
Trimethicone
C13-16 Isoparaffin, C12-14 Isoparaffin,C13-15 Alkane
IsononylIsonananoate
Phenyl Trimethicone Isododecane Trisiloxane
C11-12 Isoparaffin MethylheptylIsostearate
Isononyl Isonananoate
Petroleum Distillates
BENTONE GEL®
PTM VMethylheptylIsostearate
Isododecane Neopentyl GlycolDiheptanoate
Trisiloxane
Highest
Table 3 shows a summary table of the properties of the BENTONE GEL® products and the
solvents. Products with the highest values are at the top of the table and products with
the lowest values are at the bottom of the table.
Table 3. Summary of results
The information in this publication is, to the best of our knowledge, true and accurate, but since the
conditions of use are beyond our control, no warranty is given or to be implied in respect of such
information. In every case, caution must be exercised to avoid violation or infringement of statutory
obligations and any rights belonging to a third party. We are, at all time, willing to study customers’
specific outlets involving our products in order to enable their most effective use.
© Copyright 2009, Elementis Specialties, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copying and/or downloading of this document or information therein for republication is not allowed unless prior written agreement is obtained from Elementis Specialties, Inc.
® Registered trademark of Elementis Specialties, Inc.
Before using any of our products please consult our Safety Data Sheets.
For more details please contact:
AMERICAS Elementis Specialties
P.O. Box 700
Hightstown
New Jersey 08520
USA
Tel: +1.609.443 2500
Fax: +1.609.443 2446
EUROPE Elementis Specialties
Stolberger Strasse 370
50933 Cologne
Germany
Tel: +49.221.485.2900
Fax: +49.221.485.2910
E-Mail: [email protected]
Website: www.elementis-specialties.com