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Contents

Contents ....................................................................................................................................................... i

List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. iv

List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. viii

List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ ix

List of Appendices ..................................................................................................................................... xi

Index of Photos ......................................................................................................................................... xiii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 1

1. Role of the RICs in Luzon ................................................................................................................... 2

2. State-of-Knowledge Workshops: initiating the RICs to understand their niches in the regions ....... 3

2.1. State-of-Knowledge Workshop on the Babuyan Marine Corridor, 24 September 2009, Hotel Roma, Tuguegarao City ............................................................................................ 3

2.1.1. Opening ceremonies ......................................................................................................... 4

2.1.2. Presentations: State-of-knowledge in the Babuyan Marine Corridor (BMC) .................. 5

2.1.2.1. BMC as a key biodiversity area .......................................................................... 5

2.1.2.2. Oceanography of the Luzon Strait ...................................................................... 6

2.1.2.3. CSU-Aparri biodiversity studies along the Babuyan corridor ............................ 6

2.1.2.4. Research and management initiatives in the Babuyan Marine Corridor: DENR Regional Office II ...................................................................... 7

2.1.2.5. Babuyan Channel initiatives: towards conservation and management of fisheries resources in the North ............................................... 8

2.1.2.6. Open Forum ......................................................................................................... 9

2.1.3. Closing program .............................................................................................................. 11

2.2. State-of-Knowledge Workshop on the Zambales Coast, 12 October 2009, CLSU Training Center, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija .............................................................. 11

2.2.1. Opening ceremonies ...................................................................................................... 11

2.2.2. Presentations: State-of-knowledge in the Zambales Coast (ZC) ................................. 13

2.2.2.1. Hazard assessment of the Bucao and Balin-Baquero river system, Mt. Pinatubo, Zambales ................................................................................... 13

2.2.2.2. Coastal erosion and flooding in Zambales ...................................................... 14

2.2.2.3. Fisheries research, monitoring, and management initiatives in Zambales (2005-2009) ..................................................................................... 15

2.2.2.4. Fisheries-related accomplishments of ICRMP in Zambales .......................... 16

ii

2.2.2.5. Coastal oceanography of Zambales ............................................................... 17

2.2.2.6. RD&E and management initiatives of DENR (RO III and PENRO) on the coastal and marine environment of Zambales ......................................... 17

2.2.2.7. ICRMP activities with participating coastal municipalities in Zambales ......... 18

2.2.2.8. SIKAT CRM Work in Zambales ....................................................................... 18

2.2.2.9. Masinloc ICRM Program: an Approach to Sustainable Ecosystem Development ..................................................................................................... 19

2.2.3. Closing program .............................................................................................................. 20

2.3. Summary: research and management interventions in the BMC and the ZC ......................... 20

3. Initial planning workshops: towards being functional RICs .............................................................. 23

3.1. Operational planning with CSU-Aparri, 25 September 2009 .................................................... 24

3.1.1. Proposed RD&E agenda ................................................................................................ 24

3.1.1.1. Adaptive management of MPAs and MPA networks ..................................... 25

3.1.1.2. Ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management (EAFM) .................... 25

3.1.1.3. Improvement of the status of threatened species ........................................... 26

3.1.1.4. Climate change adaptation .............................................................................. 26

3.1.2. Initial assessment of competence levels ....................................................................... 26

3.1.3. Proposed structure of RIC-II ........................................................................................... 29

3.1.4. Expectations .................................................................................................................... 30

3.2. First meeting on the mode of cooperation between CLSU and RMTU, 4 September 2009, RMTU-Iba, Zambales; group visit to RMTU-Candelaria ................................................. 31

3.3. Operational planning with CLSU and RMTU, 13 October 2009 ............................................... 37

3.3.1. Addenda to the State-of-Knowledge presentations ...................................................... 38

3.3.1.1. Floral diversity assessment of mangrove ecosystem in Masinloc, Zambales .......................................................................................................... 38

3.3.1.2. Socio-economic impact of the establishment of fish sanctuary in Candelaria, Zambales ...................................................................................... 39

3.3.1.3. Biodiversity studies along the Zambales Coast .............................................. 40

3.3.2. Finding the RIC’s niche: from perception of issues, recommending interventions/ strategies/ research, to prioritizing research needs of the Zambales Coast .............................................................................................................. 42

3.3.3. Proposed structure of RIC-III .......................................................................................... 45

3.3.4. Expectations .................................................................................................................... 46

iii

4. Proposed mechanisms for RIC functions ......................................................................................... 47

4.1. Biodiversity monitoring ................................................................................................................ 47

4.2. R&D capacity development ........................................................................................................ 47

4.3. IEC ............................................................................................................................................... 48

4.4. Networking and collaborative undertaking ................................................................................. 48

5. Funding and financial sustainability .................................................................................................. 49

6. Schemes for the M&E of the RICs .................................................................................................... 49

iv

List of Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank

AFMA Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (of 1997; Republic Act 8435)

ARD Assistant Regional Director (of DA-BFAR)

ASCOT Aurora State College of Technology

BAS Bureau of Agricultural Statistics

BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (of the Department of Agriculture, DA)

BMC Babuyan Marine Corridor

CBD Convention on Biological Diversity

CENRO Community, Environment and Natural Resources Office/ Officer (of DENR)

CEO Campus Executive Officer

CEP Coastal and Environment Plan

CEZA Cagayan Economic Zone Authority

CHED Commission on Higher Education

CI-Philippines Conservation International-Philippines

CLE Coastal Law Enforcement (of LGUs)

CLSU Central Luzon State University

CMMD Coastal and Marine Management Division (of DENR)

COD Center of Development (of CHED)

COE Center of Excellence (of CHED)

CREE Center for Rural Empowerment and the Environment

CRM Coastal Resources Management

CRMP Coastal Resources Management Plan (of LGUs)

CSU Cagayan State University

CTI Coral Triangle Initiative

CY Calendar Year

DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources

DILG Department of Interior and Local Governments

EAFM Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management

EBM Ecosystem-Based Management

ENROZ Environment and Natural Resources Office of Zambales (of the Provincial Government, PG)

ENRP Environment and Natural Resources Project

ENSO El Niño Southern Oscillation

ERDB Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau (of DENR)

v

List of Abbreviations – continued

ERDS Ecosystems Research and Development Service (of DENR Regional Offices)

FARM Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management (component of FDMP)

FARMC Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council

FASPO Foreign-Assisted and Special Projects Office

FDMP Fisheries Development and Management Program (of SIKAT)

FGD Focus group discussion

FISH-BE Fisheries Information for Sustainable Harvest – BioEconomic Model

FLA Fishpond Lease Agreement

FRMP Fisheries Resources Management Project

FSP Fisheries Sector Program

FTAP Functionality, Transparency, Accountability and Participatory

GIS Global Information System

HAB Harmful Algal Bloom

HEI Higher Education Institution

ICM Integrated Coastal Management

ICRMP Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project

IEC Information, Education, and Communication

ISU Isabela State University

IV Importance value

KBA Key Biodiversity Area

LGU Local government unit

LMMA Locally managed marine area

MAO Municipal Agriculture Office/ Officer

MCEP Municipal Coastal and Environment Plan

MCRMP Municipal Coastal Resources Management Plan

MCS Monitoring, Control and Surveillance

MERF Marine Environment and Resources Foundation, Inc.

MFARMC Municipal Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council

MIS Municipal Information System

MOA Memorandum of Agreement

MOOE Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses

MPA Marine Protected Area

MSY Maximum sustainable yield

NE Northeast

vi

List of Abbreviations – continued

NEDA National Economic and Development Authority

NEUST Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

NGO Non-government organization

NSAP National Stock Assessment Program

NVSU Nueva Viscaya State University

OD Organizational development

OPAg Office of the Provincial Agriculturist

OPCF Ocean Park Conservation Foundation (Hong Kong)

PAM Project Administration Memorandum (of ICRMP)

PAWB Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau

PAWCZMS Protected Areas, Wildlife, and Coastal Zone Management Service (of DENR Regional Offices)

PCRA Participatory coastal resources assessment

PG-ENRO Provincial Government-Environment and Natural Resources Office/Officer

PENRO Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office/ Officer (of DENR)

PIRE Partnerships for International Research and Education (cf. Coral Triangle-PIRE Project)

PMO Project Management Office (of ICRMP)

PO Peoples’ Organization

PSC Project Steering Committee

R&D Research and Development (also RD)

RD&E Research, Development and Extension (also RDE)

RFO Regional Fisheries Office (of DA-BFAR)

RFTC Regional Fisheries Training Center (of DA-BFAR)

RIC Regional ICRM Center

RING Regional ICRM Network Group

RMTU Ramon Magsaysay Technological University

RO Regional Office (of DENR)

ROS Research and Outreach Station (of DA-BFAR)

RSC Regional Steering Committee (of ICRMP)

RTD Regional Technical Director (of DENR)

SCS South China Sea

SCUBA Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus

SHDI Shannon-Wiener diversity index

SHEI Shannon-Wiener evenness index

SIKAT Sentro para sa Ikauunlad ng Katutubong Agham at Teknolohiya

vii

List of Abbreviations – continued

SST Sea surface temperature

SUC State Universities and Colleges

TBD To be determined

TNA Training Needs Assessment

TWG Technical Working Group

UPCIDS University of the Philippines Center for Integrative Development Studies

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

UPMSI University of the Philippines Marine Science Institute

UPNIGS University of the Philippines Institute of Geological Sciences

USAID United States Agency for International Development

VMG Vision, Mission, Goals

VP-RET Vice-President for Research, Extension, and Training

WWF World Wildlife Fund for Nature

ZC Zambales Coast

viii

List of Tables

Page

Table 1 Integration of RDE and management initiatives in the Babuyan Marine Corridor (BMC) during the last 5 years. Legend: a/ by CSU; b/ by WWF-Philippines; c/ by DENR-RO II; d/ from NSAP, by BFAR-RFO II

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Table 2 Integration of RDE and management initiatives in the Zambales Coast (ZC) during the last 5 years. Legend: a/ by DENR-RO III (2007); b/ from NSAP, by BFAR-RFO III; c/ by DENR-RO III (2006); d/ established since 1993; e/ monitored by BFAR-RFO III; f/ part of the FARM component of the FDMP by SIKAT; g/ by DENR-RO III (2004); g/ led by BFAR-RFO III and assisted by DENR-RO III (2008)

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Table 3 Competence levels of staff in CSU-Aparri for RD&E that may be improved by ICRMP. Legend for competence level: 1 – from none to limited, 2 – capable but needs refresher training, 3 – expert, TBD – to be determined

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Table 4 Research ideas perceived to be on top of the research needs of the Zambales Coast (impact) and their achievability based on current staff competencies

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ix

List of Figures

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Figure 1 Priority biodiversity corridors and provinces to receive interventions from ICRMP in Luzon – (1) Babuyan Marine Corridor (BMC) and Cagayan province, (5) Zambales coast (ZC) and Zambales province. (Source: ADB, 2006, Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors, Proposed Loan and Administration of Grant from the Global Environment Facility, Republic of the Philippines: Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project.)

2

Figure 2 Marine conservation priorities in the Babuyan Marine Corridor and the threats to marine biodiversity in general, based on Corridors: 2002 Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities (DENR/ CI-Philippines/ UPCIDS). In 2006, these sites have been identified as key biodiversity areas or KBAs (CI Foundation Philippines/ DENR-PAWB/ Haribon Foundation)

5

Figure 3 The intrusion of the Kuroshio current into the South China Sea through the Luzon Strait is one of several physical oceanographic processes that has direct impact on the biodiversity of the BMC. Source: slide from the presentation cf. Meunier et al. (UPMSI)

6

Figure 4 Sites along the BMC where Cagayan State University-Aparri conducted ecological and biodiversity studies since 1995. Source: slide from the presentation

6

Figure 5 Coral reef habitat assessments by DENR-RO II. Source: slide from the presentation 7

Figure 6 Estimates of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) for the BMC (1999 to 2004) by BFAR-RFO II. Source: slide from the presentation

8

Figure 7 Marine and coastal geologist Dr. F. Siringan showed pathways of lahar from Mt. Pinatubo through the municipality of Botolan, Zambales and eventually into the South China Sea (left) as well as indications of erosion in the Zambales Coast from coastline profiles taken in different years (right). Source: Pdf versions of slide presentations cf. Siringan et al. (UPMSI/ UPNIGS)

13

Figure 8 Landing centers in Zambales monitored by BFAR-RFO III for the fisheries NSAP. Source: slide from the presentation

15

Figure 9 Participation of the Provincial Government of Zambales in PCRAs for ICRMP. Source: slide from the presentation

16

Figure 10 Persistent northward flow and eddies in the West Luzon Current that dominates in waters off Luzon and the Zambales Coast. Source: slide from the presentation cf. Villanoy et al. (UPMSI)

17

Figure 11 One of several management initiatives of DENR through the PENRO of Zambales (top) and the initial RD&E efforts of the Regional Offices through the CEP (bottom). Source: slides from the presentations

18

Figure 12 Ms. C. Reyes shared SIKAT’s Fisheries Development and Management Program (FDMP) in Zambales. Source: slide from the presentation

19

Figure 13 Location of the four MPAs established by the LGU of Masinloc. Source: slide from the presentation

19

Figure 14 The CEO of CSU-Aparri leads the RIC in Region II while the focal person/ Center director and his deputy directly interact with research, extension, and administrative personnel, as well as with prospective members of the RING.

29

Figure 15 On developing the RICs as functional units in the regions. Source: slide from the presentation

37

x

List of Figures – continued

Page

Figure 16 Responses of fishers in Masinloc and Subic on stopping their fishing and shifting livelihoods. Source: slide from the presentation (cf. EBM)

41

Figure 17 Staff from both CLSU and RMTU take on management positions in the proposed structure of RIC III.

45

Figure 18 Sources of funds to support the functions of the RICs – initially from ICRMP (first 2 bullets) and some counterpart allocation, and then possibly from external sources and organized training. Source: slide from the presentation

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xi

List of Appendices

Reference Page

Appendix 1 Correspondence exchange with RIC II focal person Prof Meliton Soriano on initial arrangements for the state-of-knowledge and operational planning workshops for RIC II

3

Appendix 2 Invitation sent to Dr Simeon Rabanal Jr, CEO, CSU-Aparri, regarding the proposed state-of-knowledge and operational planning workshops for RIC II

3

Appendix 3 Correspondence/ invitations sent to stakeholders of the Babuyan Marine Corridor regarding the upcoming state-of-knowledge workshop

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Appendix 4 Attendees to the session State-of-Knowledge and Management Initiatives in the Babuyan Marine Corridor, 24 September 2009, Blue Room, 2nd Floor, Hotel Roma, Tuguegarao City

4

Appendix 5 Program for the session State-of-Knowledge and Management Initiatives in the Babuyan Marine Corridor, 24 September 2009, Blue Room, 2nd Floor, Hotel Roma, Tuguegarao City

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Appendix 6 State-of-knowledge presentation: The Babuyan Marine Corridor: a key biodiversity area (Presenter: Dr Hildie Maria Nacorda, MERF-UPMSI)

5

Appendix 7 State-of-knowledge presentation: Oceanography of the Luzon Strait (Presenter: Dr Gil Jacinto for Dr Laura David, UPMSI, Diliman, Quezon City)

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Appendix 8 State-of-knowledge presentation: The Cagayan State University at Aparri biodiversity studies along Babuyan Marine Corridor (Presenter: Dr Simeon Rabanal Jr, CEO, CSU-Aparri, Aparri, Cagayan)

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Appendix 9 State-of-knowledge presentation: Research and management initiatives in the Babuyan Marine Corridor (Presenter: Ms Jam Flores, DENR-RO II, Tuguegarao City)

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Appendix 10 State-of-knowledge presentation: Babuyan Channel initiatives: towards conservation and management of fisheries resources in the north (Presenter: Dr Evelyn Ame for RD Dr Jovita Ayson, BFAR-RFO II, Tuguegarao City)

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Appendix 11 Correspondence exchange with RIC III focal person Dr Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto on initial arrangements for the state-of-knowledge and operational planning workshops for RIC III

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Appendix 12 Correspondence exchange with CLSU President Dr Ruben Sevilleja regarding the proposed state-of-knowledge and operational planning workshops for RIC III

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Appendix 13 Correspondence/ invitations sent to stakeholders of the Zambales Coast regarding the upcoming state-of-knowledge workshop

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Appendix 14 Attendees to the session State-of-Knowledge and Management Initiatives in the Zambales Coast, 12 October 2009, RET Amphitheatre, CLSU, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija

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Appendix 15 Program for the session State-of-Knowledge and Management Initiatives in the Zambales Coast, 12 October 2009, RET Amphitheatre, CLSU, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija

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Appendix 16 State-of-knowledge presentation: Hazard assessment of the Bucao and Balin-Baquero River System, Mt Pinatubo, Zambales (Presenter: Dr Fernando Siringan, UPMSI)

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Appendix 17 State-of-knowledge presentation: Coastal erosion and flooding in Zambales (Presenter: Dr Fernando Siringan, UPMSI)

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Appendix 18 State-of-knowledge presentation: Fisheries research, monitoring and/or management initiatives in Zambales (2005-2009) (Presenter: ARD Lilian Garcia, BFAR-RFO III, Iba, Zambales)

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Appendix 19 State-of-knowledge presentation: Accomplishment Report: Integrated Coastal Resource Management Project (ICRMP) as of June 30, 2009 (Presenter: Mr Reynaldo Reoligio, Provincial Fisheries Office, Iba, Zambales)

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Appendix 20 State-of-knowledge presentation: Coastal oceanography of Zambales (Presenter: Dr Gil Jacinto for Dr Cesar Villanoy, UPMSI, Diliman, Quezon City)

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Appendix 21 State-of-knowledge presentation: DENR management initiatives on the coastal and marine environment of Zambales, 2005-2009 (Presenter: PENRO Nelson Gorospe, PENRO, Iba, Zambales)

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Appendix 22 State-of-knowledge presentation: RDE initiatives of DENR-3 on the coastal and marine environment of Zambales: Ecosystems Research and Development Service (Presenter: PENRO Nelson Gorospe for RTD Juliet Texon, DENR-ERDS, Iba, Zambales)

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Appendix 23 State-of-knowledge presentation: Fisheries Development and Management Program (FDMP) – Zambales (Presenter: Ms Cristina Reyes, SIKAT Zambales Field Office)

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Appendix 24 State-of-knowledge presentation: Masinloc ICRM Program: an approach to sustainable ecosystem development (Presenter: Mr Oscar Empeño, CRM Office, Masinloc, Zambales)

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Appendix 25 Correspondence exchange with RIC II focal person Prof Meliton Soriano regarding facility layout/ refurbishment costs and the RIC II organizational structure

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Appendix 26 Attendees to the initial discussion on the operational arrangements between CLSU and RMTU for the RIC facility,4 September 2009, Conference Room, Office of the President, RMTU, Iba, Zambales

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Appendix 27 Attendees to the Operational Framework Planning Workshop for RIC III, 13 October 2009, CLSU, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija

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Appendix 28 Overview of the Operational Framework Planning Workshop for RIC III (Presenter: Ms Melen Dizon)

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Appendix 29 State-of-knowledge presentation addendum #1 – Floral diversity assessment of mangrove ecosystem in Masinloc, Zambales (Presenter: Prof Rowena Remojo-Sazon, RMTU)

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Appendix 30 State-of-knowledge addendum #2 – Socio-economic impact of the establishment of fish sanctuary in Candelaria, Zambales (Presenter: Prof Jurelac Marquez, RMTU)

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Appendix 31 State-of-knowledge addendum #3 – Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand: Philippine National Coral Reef Point (MERF-UPMSI Report, January 2003 – December 2008) (Presenter: Dr Perry Aliño, MERF-UPMSI)

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Appendix 32 Area scanning mechanics facilitated by Ms Melen Dizon for the core group in RIC III

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Appendix 33 Correspondence exchange with RIC III focal person Dr Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto regarding facility layout/ refurbishment costs and the RIC III organizational structure

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Index of Photos

Page

22 September 2009, Hotel Roma, Tuguegarao City: (left photo) National Coordinator for ICRMP Dr. Lucena Mercado giving the opening remarks; (right photo) MERF-UPMSI Project Leader Dr. Gil Jacinto stating the rationale for the State-of-Knowledge Workshop.

4

24 September 2009, Hotel Roma, Tuguegarao City: Participants to the session on the State-of-Knowledge in the Babuyan Marine Corridor (BMC) were staff of DENR (FASPO, RO II, PGENRO-Cagayan), BFAR (RFO II, RFTC-Aparri), CSU – Aparri (designated RIC for the Region), CSU – main, NVSU, CEZA, and a representative of local government units of Sta. Teresita, Cagayan.

10

12 October 2009, Opening program of the State-of-Knowledge Workshop, RET, CLSU, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija: (top photo) President of CLSU Dr. Ruben Sevilleja delivering the Opening Remarks, and RTD Juliet Texon (bottom photo) of DENR-RO III articulating her experiences in her message.

12

12 October 2009, CLSU, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija: Participants to the session on the State-of-Knowledge in the Zambales Coast (ZC) were staff of DENR (FASPO, RO III-ERDS, PENRO-Zambales, CENRO-Masinloc), BFAR (RFO III, ROS), CLSU (designated RIC for the Region), RMTU (designated host of the RIC facility, hence, collaborator of the RIC), NEUST, ASCOT, PG-ENRO (Zambales), SIKAT, and representatives of local government units of Zambales (Botolan, Masinloc, Castillejos).

20

4 September 2009, RMTU, Iba, Zambales: The ADB review mission, together with staff of DENR, visited RMTU and met with its key officials, officials of CLSU, and Project staff from MERF-UPMSI. The mission team, composed of (left to right) Ms. Lorna Enjaynes (Associate Operations Analyst), Team Leader Tosio Kondo? (Senior Natural Resources Management Specialist?), and Ms. Maria Lourdes Drilon (Natural Resources Economist), was welcomed to RMTU by its President, Dr. Feliciano Rosete (rightmost).

32

4 September 2009, Iba, Zambales: Attendees to the first meeting on the mode of cooperation between CLSU and RMTU for the RIC of Region III – (seated, left to right) – Dr. Gil Jacinto (Team Leader, MERF-UPMSI), Ms. Juanita Nacino (DENR-FASPO), Dr. Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto (RIC Focal Person, CLSU), Ms. Melen Dizon (MERF-UPMSI), and CLSU President Dr. Ruben Sevilleja; (standing, left to right) – Mr. Keith Carloy (RMTU-Candelaria), Ms Maricel Edurain (RMTU-Candelaria), staff from RMTU-Candelaria (name undisclosed), Dr. Perry Aliño (MERF-UPMSI), Mr. Michael Lopez (DENR-RO III), Dr. Terry Abella (RIC Focal Person, CLSU), Dr. Elizabeth Farin (VP for Research, Extension and Training, RMTU), Prof. Jimmy Avecilla (Executive Dean, RMTU-Candelaria), and Prof. Randy Balaoing (RMTU-Candelaria)

37

1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In September 2009, the Project Steering Committee approved Resolution 09-002, which designated the Cagayan State University (CSU) – Aparri Campus and the Central Luzon State University (CLSU) as the Regional ICRM Centers (RICs) in Regions II and III, respectively. The Center facility in Region II shall be located within the campus premises of CSU while that in Region III shall be located in Ramon Magsaysay Technological University (RMTU) – Candelaria Campus. The latter shall be operated by CLSU together with RMTU. In January 2010, the Regional Steering Committee of ICRMP in Region III approved Resolution 09-002, which endorsed the recommendation of designating CLSU as the RIC for Region III and of CLSU running the Center facility in RMTU-Candelaria together with RMTU.

To jump-start the establishment phase of the Regional ICRM Centers in these two Regions of Luzon, the University of the Philippines Marine Science Institute, through the Marine Environment and Resources Foundation, Inc., engaged both CSU and CLSU in organizing the State-of-Knowledge and Operational Planning Workshop in their respective regions. The State-of-Knowledge Workshops, held to update active stakeholders of research, development and extension (RD&E) initiatives in the Babuyan Marine Corridor (BMC) and the Zambales Coast (ZC) that have been undertaken during the last 5 years, were conducted to allow the RICs to recognize their respective strategic niches in the regions. These sessions were followed by initial Operational Planning Workshops, wherein CSU and CLSU faculty identified specific issues and knowledge gaps in the target key marine biodiversity areas and the thematic concerns in the context of from Ridge to Reef, their potential partners for the RD&E program, and details of Center operations.

This document is a compilation of the proceedings of the state-of knowledge and initial operational planning workshop sessions held in Tuguegarao City for RIC II and in the Science City of Muñoz (Nueva Ecija) for RIC III. The proceedings of the first meeting of CLSU and RMTU officials and staff together on 4 September 2009 in RMTU-Iba is included to demonstrate the cooperative character of both HEIs. The Centers listed (a) themes for their marine corridor-targeted research, (b) specific commitments, and (c) the expectations from their partners. Finally, the means to carry out the functions of the Centers, funding options, and the schemes for the Centers’ M&E are proposed.

2

Documentation Report Task 4: Initial steps on developing the Operational Framework Plan for the Regional ICRM Centers (RICs)

1. Role of the RICs in Luzon

The Regional ICRM Centers or RICs were envisioned by the Project as (a) hubs for biodiversity monitoring and research, (b) hubs for training and demonstration activities, and (c) focal points for undertaking Information, Education and Communications (IEC) campaigns. In Luzon, these Centers shall facilitate the convergence of individuals and institutions involved in the CRM efforts in the Babuyan Marine Corridor (BMC) (1 in Fig. 1) and the Zambales coast (ZC) (5 in Fig. 1), and tackle research/ monitoring and training/ demonstration activities on biodiversity conservation in these target marine corridors. The Centers are also expected to engage other groups and institutions (including those in the private sector) as well as with stakeholders at the locality or habitat(s) needing intervention to discuss, plan, implement, and complement needed interventions related to CRM and biodiversity conservation. As focal points for undertaking IEC campaigns, the Centers are, foremost, to draw attention to the significance of the challenges and the ways to reduce threats to the BMC and ZC, classified as “extremely high” and “very high to high” priority conservation areas1. These campaigns shall “be developed and implemented in

1 DENR. 2002. Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities: A Second Iteration of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Manila, Philippines.

Figure 2 Priority biodiversity corridors and provinces to receive interventions from ICRMP in Luzon – (1) Babuyan Marine Corridor (BMC) and Cagayan province, (5) Zambales coast (ZC) and Zambales province. (Source: ADB, 2006, Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors, Proposed Loan and Administration of Grant from the Global Environment Facility, Republic of the Philippines: Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project.)

1

5

3

coordination with the ongoing works under the communication, education, and public awareness program of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)”2.

In September 2009, the Marine Science Institute of the University of the Philippines (UPMSI), through the Marine Environment and Resources Foundation, Inc. (MERF), informed CSU-Aparri and the Central Luzon State University (CLSU) as the hosts of the RICs for Regions II and III, respectively. They have been informed that the recommendation has been received well by the Foreign-Assisted and Special Projects Office (FASPO) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and was then undergoing the process of being formally endorsed through Resolution 09-002 by the Project Steering Committee (PSC). Both HEIs were also informed that soon after the endorsement of the Resolution, the Secretary of DENR shall be sending each of them an official communication of their institution’s designation as RIC and of further arrangements to follow, including a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with DENR through the Regional Offices (ROs).

2. State-of-Knowledge Workshops: initiating the RICs to understand their niches in the regions

To jump-start the establishment phase of the RICs in the two regions of Luzon, MERF-UPMSI engaged both CSU-Aparri and CLSU in taking part in the two-day State-of-Knowledge and Operational Planning Workshop for Regions II and III. The first day of the workshops tackled the present state-of-knowledge on the Babuyan Marine Corridor (BMC) and the Zambales Coast (ZC) with invited talks from academic institutions, DENR, BFAR, NGOs, and other stakeholders who are active in these areas. This workshop was supposed to be an opportunity for the RICs to identify knowledge gaps related to marine biodiversity conservation and their potential partners for RD&E.

2.1. State-of-Knowledge Workshop on the Babuyan Marine Corridor, 24 September 2009, Hotel Roma, Tuguegarao City

A series of consultations on the proposal to convene the workshop with CSU-Aparri was made with focal point person Prof. Meliton Soriano (Appendix 1), following which the formal communication was sent to CSU-Aparri (Appendix 2). Mr. Soriano immediately confirmed the core group’s availability for the event; hence, invitations to academic institutions, partner agencies, NGOs, and other stakeholders in the region were sent out (Appendix 3). The letters enjoined the institutions to contribute their research, monitoring, and/or management initiatives in the BMC during the last 5 years. The state-of-knowledge program was then finalized based on confirmations received.

2 ADB. 2007. Project Administration Memorandum. PHI: Integrated Coastal Resources Management. Manila, Philippines.

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Marine conservation priorities: 3 of 36

BABUYANES: Extremely high

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Threats:

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Figure 2 Marine conservation priorities in the Babuyan Marine Corridor and the threats to marine biodiversity in general, based on Corridors: 2002 Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities (DENR/ CI-Philippines/ UPCIDS). In 2006, these sites have been identified as key biodiversity areas or KBAs (CI Foundation Philippines/ DENR-PAWB/ Haribon Foundation).

partners and other stakeholders may have distinct roles and contributions towards the attainment of this vision. Dr. Jacinto disclosed that for the workshop, the sharing of what is known in the BMC was to help identify knowledge gaps and to become a basis for the Center’s research agenda for the BMC.

In his brief message, CSU Vice-President for Research and Extension Affairs Dr. Rogelio Matalang, expressed his appreciation to MERF-UPMSI and DENR for endorsing CSU-Aparri as the RIC for Region II through ICRMP. He also articulated his hope that, through the Project, the College of Fisheries in Aparri eventually returns to its status as CHED Center of Excellence in fisheries. As a contribution to environmental conservation, Dr. Matalang reported that the University uses its radio station for community broadcasting (information campaign) targeting local communities and covering relevant local issues.

2.1.2. Presentations: State-of-knowledge in the Babuyan Marine Corridor (BMC)

There were five presentations in this session (Appendix 4), namely, (a) the BMC as a key biodiversity area (KBA), (b) the oceanography of the Luzon Strait, (c) CSU-Aparri’s biodiversity studies along the Babuyan Corridor, (d) research and management initiatives of DENR in the BMC, and (e) the Babuyan Channel initiatives of BFAR towards the conservation of fisheries resources in the north.

2.1.2.1. BMC as a key biodiversity area

Dr. Hildie Maria Nacorda (MERF-UPMSI) discussed the significance of north Philippines as already a biologically diverse region and the BMC having priority conservation sites (Fig. 2) and key biodiversity areas (KBAs) (Appendix 6). She emphasized on large marine mammals known to be in the corridor and the red seaweeds that are uniquely present in this part of the country. She cited the threats to biodiversity, and called the attention on the need to effectively manage the marine corridor.

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2.1.2.4. Research and management initiatives in the Babuyan Marine Corridor: DENR Regional Office II

Ms. Jam Flores, ICRMP Staff of DENR Region II (PAWCZMS) presented their initiatives in the BMC, focusing on CRM activities (Appendix 9). She cited efforts on participatory coastal resource assessments (PCRAs) in 8 municipalities of Cagayan, of which 4 municipalities were able to utilize the results for their respective Municipal Coastal Environment Profiles (MCEPs). DENR was also involved in (a) Municipal Coastal Resources Management Plans (MCRMPs) for 2009-2013 were drafted in 3 municipalities, (b) 7 municipalities committed to establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) and 4 municipalities actualizing the commitment, and (c) the municipality of Gonzaga designated its Coastal Law Enforcement Team. They hope that throughout the implementation of ICRMP, the CRM process in the other municipalities gets completed and the advocacy on establishing and strengthening

MPAs continues.

She also indicated that, based on their assessments in 4 municipalities between 2000 and 2002 (Fig. 5), coral reef cover ranged from good to excellent. DENR also participated in (a) surveys conducted by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) on humpback whales off Calayan, Camiguin, Fuga Islands (2005), (b) activities related to stakeholder research and plan-ning for the sustainable

development in the coastal zone in the Babuyan Islands sponsored by the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (2007-2008), and (c) activities related to science and community-based conservation of humpback whales and other cetaceans in the Babuyan Islands under the auspices of the Center for Rural Empowerment and Environment (CREE) and the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation-Hong Kong (OPCF). Ms. Flores also enumerated the four-fold objectives of Projects (b) and (c). The objectives of the Project (b) were:

• to monitor the status and minimum abundance of humpback whales in the Babuyan Islands;

• to determine the extent of man-made disturbance to the whales and destruction of their breeding habitat in the islands;

• to assess the cetacean-fishery interactions in the islands; and

• to provide scientific data for and facilitate the design of an adaptive biodiversity conservation action plan for the Babuyan Islands and their breeding habitat and conserve the rich biodiversity of the islands (marine and terrestrial) in general.

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• bathymetric surveys and environmental studies along the Cagayan River, Buguey Lagoon, and Sta.Ana, as well as Kuroshio current-related initiatives.

BFAR-RFO II has also undertaken response measures for marine mammal stranding and rescue operations and for the presence of foreign poachers. The unit was also involved in the establishment of fish sanctuaries in 6 municipalities. For extension, BFAR-RFO II was able to provide livelihood and training activities and technology demonstrations. Dr. Ame concluded her talk with a list of major environmental, technical, and institutional issues in the region.

2.1.2.6. Open Forum

Issues raised during the discussion that followed all the presentations included the following:

(1) Question (Ms. Agnes Gervacio, MAO, Sta. Teresita): Why was the PCRA conducted in Sta. Teresita not reported by DENR?

Response (Dr. Mercado): The report made by Ms. Flores referred only to DENR-initiated PCRAs, which were then still under the CEP, but which are now part of tasks of the Coastal Marine Management Division (CMMD). It is also part of BFAR’s tasks to conduct PCRAs in the target municipalities of ICRMP.

(2) Question: Are PCRA reports made available to the public?

Response: Results are forwarded to the LGU after critique.

Comment (Dr. Jacinto): The dissemination of results from PCRAs may be one of the specific activities of the RIC. There is, however, a challenge to present the results in layman’s terms to make it useful and relevant to the community. The RIC may take on the role of consolidating information and making it available through the internet, print these, and/or use media (e.g., radio programs) to share it to the public.

(3) Comment (Dr. Reynald delos Trinos, Nueva Viscaya State University, NVSU): My observation is that there is no concerted effort among the three implementing agencies, i.e., they do their activities independently. One role of the RIC may be to organize these efforts for the BMC to avoid overlap and duplication.

(4) Comment (Dr. Romeo Culasing, CSU-Aparri): What is now known is the state of fisheries but the aspect of management was not explicitly discussed. Based on the presentations, there seems to be a need to draft a management plan for the Babuyan Marine Corridor. Management should be a concerted effort of all stakeholders. It should also be an integrated plan that cuts across sectors, interdisciplinary, i.e., must include not only scientific basis but also socio-economics.

Response: the following suggestions were put forward:

10

• closed and open seasons for harvests of critical species and/or critical stages of their life cycle. There is a need for studies to determine the biology and ecology of critical species;

• establishment and effective management of MPAs and/or fish sanctuaries. There have been advocacies on the LGUs to establish MPAs but the response is very low. There is a need to support advocacies with scientific basis;

• information may be shared to stakeholders (and the rest of the world) by loading these up in a platform such as Google Earth;

• alternative livelihood enterprise options for fishers – this may have to be emphasized in ICRMP’s component on enterprise development, which supports backyard- or cottage-based enterprises; and,

• patrolling and coastal law enforcement – the experience of the LGU of Rizal, who continually conducts patrolling against illegal fishers using dynamite and cyanide in the Cagayan River, may be echoed throughout the BMC.

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2.1.3. Closing program

As an advice prior to closing the session, Dr. Jacinto urged the participants to visit the Google Earth platform (www.earth.google.com) and zoom in at the BMC and the region. He said that with the increased frequency of guest visits, resolutions of particular scenes in Google Earth get enhanced and become updated, hence, more vivid.

Dr. Jacinto thanked everyone for their time for the Workshop, distributed certificates of participation and certificates of appearance, and then invited everyone to lunch before leaving the Workshop.

2.2. State-of-Knowledge Workshop on the Zambales Coast, 12 October 2009, CLSU Training Center, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija

For Region III, convening the Workshop was initially coordinated with focal point person Dr. Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto (Appendix 11), following which, the formal communication was sent to CLSU (Appendix 12). Invitations to academic institutions, partner agencies, NGOs, and other stakeholders in the region were sent out (Appendix 13) after CLSU President Dr. Ruben Sevilleja agreed to the schedule and program flow (Appendix 12). The invitees were enjoined to contribute their research and monitoring results and/or management initiatives in the Zambales Coast during the last 5 years. The state-of-knowledge program was then finalized based on confirmations received.

2.2.1. Opening ceremonies

The participants who made it to the workshop represented 14 institutions (Appendix 14), namely, CLSU, Ramon Magsaysay Technological University (RMTU), Aurora State College of Technology (ASCOT), Nueva Viscaya University of Science and Technology (NEUST), DENR-FASPO, DENR-RO III, DENR-Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office (PENRO), DENR-Community Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) (Masinloc), BFAR-RFO III, BFAR-Research and Outreach Station (ROS) (Masinloc), the Provincial Government of Zambales, LGUs (Botolan, Subic, Castillejos), and the Sentro para sa Ikauunlad ng Katutubong Agham at Teknolohiya (SIKAT).

In his Opening Remarks, CLSU President Dr. Sevilleja acknowledged the presence of everyone and especially cited the Zambales-based guests who traveled early and through long distances. He disclosed that the designation of CLSU as RIC for the Region is a welcomed opportunity for CLSU to act on its mandate to conduct research, training, and extension work on coastal conservation, to collaborate with RMTU, and to engage in activities with DENR, BFAR, and MERF-UPMSI.

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nerability

14

plans for Botolan should take into account the delivery by the 2002 lahar of a large amount of loose materials not too far upstream, which can be easily remobilized, thus leading to further elevation of the Bucao River bed and increasing the likelihood of dike breaching.

2.2.2.2. Coastal erosion and flooding in Zambales

Dr. Siringan also presented a perspective on coastal erosion and flooding in Zambales (Appendix 17), beginning with the likelihood of the Zambales coastline undergoing large accretion due to the voluminous sandy material left by the 1991 eruption of Mr. Pinatubo. He then described the coastline changes based on images of 1944 to 1995 and from recent anecdotal accounts, and highlighted the changes in the mouth of the Bucao River vis-à-vis the Sto. Tomas and Pamatawan Rivers. In connection with sea level rise, Dr. Siringan noted that the Zambales coastline has eroded ~150 m along the north flank of Maloma River (Fig. 7, bottom). Although it was expected that with rising sea level, coasts would accrete for as long as the amount of sediment input more than offsets the effect of the rise, coastal segments in Zambales that are not fed directly by rivers appear to be undergoing erosion, despite overall elevated sediment input. To end, Dr. Siringan suggested that there are other events in Zambales that are worth looking at, e.g., HABs and the role of warming seas and eutrophication, coastal erosion and coral reefs, and the resilience of coral reefs to warming seas.

Open Forum

(1) Question (Dr. Elizabeth Farin, VP-RET, RMTU): What is the status of the Sto. Tomas River, which may potentially affect the municipalities of San Marcelino, San Narciso, and Castillejos?

Response (Dr. Siringan): There is no work on that yet; the area has been worked on by Dr. Kelvin Rodolfo and he had recommended dike repair. We, however, cannot engineer everything, since the amount of pyroclastic material is still going down and there still are useless concrete structures in the mountains.

(2) Question (Prof. Jurelac Marquez, RMTU): The provincial government and the LGU have plans to construct a megadike, continuing on from the severed dike. Will this be helpful? If not, what do you recommend?

Response (Dr. Siringan): The dike will work for only a few years and then it will give way. There is a need to ask the people of their options, i.e., to continue to witness people drowning, being buried alive in sand, or being inconvenienced with moving out of the area.

(3) Comment (Dr. Apolinario Yambot, CLSU): Would it be possible to relocate the people to the raised riverbed and then to construct a bridge?

Response (Dr. Siringan): It will be dusty in that location but yes, it is possible to relocate to that area. The caveat is that the area is too hot and the ground is

(4

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15

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16

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w and eddies in thwaters off Luzon aom the presentat

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17

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18

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2.2.2.9

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19

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nes led the su

pendently cas while BFA

articipants to the PENRO-Zambal host of the RIC fves of local gove

ing over to sment and strP, and to coparticipants

retariat and

agement

e workshopTable 1):

by CSU-Aoplankton, mangrove-assoarks, and thurvey on cet

arried out asR-RFO II con

session on the Ses, CENRO-Masfacility, hence, coernment units of Z

share their krengthening ontinue the

obtained then procee

intervent

ps were in

Aparri were marine macrociates), cohe soft shellaceans in 20

ssessments ntinued mon

State-of-Knowledgsinloc), BFAR (RFollaborator of the Zambales (Botola

knowledge aphases of thcooperationtheir certificded to the m

tions in th

ntegrated a

baseline invrophytes (seommercially-il shrimp (‘a005;

of coral renitoring com

20

ge in the FO III, RIC), an,

and time, he RIC in n beyond cates of mess hall

he

nd then

ventories eaweeds, mportant ramang’)

efs/ reef mmercial

21

Table 1 Integration of RDE and management initiatives in the Babuyan Marine Corridor (BMC) during the last 5 years. Legend: a/ by CSU; b/ by WWF-Philippines; c/ by DENR-RO II; d/ from NSAP, by BFAR-RFO II

Coastal municipalities Cagayan (BMC)

RDE/ Management initiatives, last 5 years

Biodiversity studies a/

Coastal resource assessments c/

Fish stock assessments d/ Others

Sta Praxedes 1. Oceanography of the Luzon Strait (UPMSI);

2. Biology of ludong (BFAR-RFO II);

3. Aramang fishery assessment (BFAR-RFO II); and,

4. Assessment/ cultivation of red seaweeds Porphyra and Gracilaria (BFAR-RFO II)

Claveria Sanchez Mira Pamplona Abulug Ballesteros Aparri Lal-lo Buguey Sta Teresita Gonzaga Sta Ana Calayan b/

Coastal municipalities Cagayan (BMC)

RDE/ Management initiatives, last 5 years

PCRAs MPAs, fish sanctuaries MPA advocacy c/ MCEPs/ CRMPs c/ CLE c/

Sta Praxedes c/ d/ c/ d/ Claveria d/ d/ Sanchez Mira c/ c/ Pamplona d/ Abulug c/ d/ Ballesteros d/ Aparri c/ d/ Lal-lo d/ Buguey c/ d/ Sta Teresita d/ d/ Gonzaga c/ d/ c/ d/ Sta Ana c/ d/ Calayan c/ d/

and municipal fish stocks through the National Stock Assessment Program (NSAP); and,

(3) other BMC-related studies include oceanography of the Luzon Strait (UPMSI), investigations on the biology of lobed river mullets or ‘ludong’, assessments of soft shell shrimp or aramang fishery, and assessment and cultivation of red seaweeds Porphyra and Gracilaria (BFAR-RFO II).

Table 1 shows that the coastal municipalities participated in PCRAs conducted in Cagayan through the combined efforts of BFAR and DENR in the region. Results of these have been summarized and shared during the workshop by BFAR-RFO II as status of coastal resources (coral benthos, seagrasses, fish diversity) for four

22

Table 2 Integration of RDE and management initiatives in the Zambales Coast (ZC) during the last 5 years. Legend: a/ by DENR-RO III (2007); b/ from NSAP, by BFAR-RFO III; c/ by DENR-RO III (2006); d/ established since 1993; by CSU; e/ monitored by BFAR-RFO III; f/ part of the FARM component of the FDMP by SIKAT; g/ by DENR-RO III (2004); g/ mostly led by BFAR-RFO III and assisted by DENR-RO III (2008); led by SIKAT in the 4 municipalities with LMMAs

Coastal municipalities Zambales (ZC)

RDE/ Management initiatives, last 5 years

Coastal resource assessments

Fisheries assessments b/

Protected areas, fish sanctuaries

Others

Sta Cruz c/ e/ 1. Hazard assessment of the Bucao and Balin-Baquero river system, Mt. Pinatubo (UPNIGS/UPMSI);

2. Coastal erosion and flooding in Zambales (UPNIGS/UPMSI);

3. Coastal oceanography of Zambales (UPMSI)

Candelaria c/ Masinloc c/ d/ Palauig c/ d/ Iba c/ Botolan c/ Cabangan San Felipe a/ a/ San Narciso San Antonio a/ a/ Subic a/ e/ Olongapo City e/

Coastal municipalities Zambales (ZC)

RDE/ Management initiatives, last 5 years

Artificial reefs e/

LMMAs f/ Coastal

database f/ PCRAs g/ MFARMCs Fish wardens

Sta Cruz Candelaria Masinloc Palauig Iba Botolan Cabangan San Felipe San Narciso San Antonio Subic Olongapo City

municipalities (Sta. Praxedes, Claveria, Gonzaga, Sta. Ana). MPAs and fish sanctuaries appear to be in place, some areas wherein functional management bodies can be assessed to ensure continued protection. The advocacy on MPAs also continues in the municipalities. Based on results of the PCRAs, a third of the municipalities have drafted their CRM and/or MCE plans. Only the municipality of Gonzaga has established its CLE, thus, the functionality of ICM would need to be executed through integrated consolidation.

In the Zambales Coast, initiatives of various CRM projects of NGOs, and activities of DENR-RO III, BFAR-RFO III, and the PG-ENROZ directly collaborated with the LGUs (Table 2).

23

(1) There are 9 protected areas that have been established in 6 municipalities since 2006. Of these, the Masinloc and Oyon Bay Protected Seascapes have been monitored since 1993. Fish sanctuaries in 2 more municipalities were set up in 2007;

(2) Various LGUs have also shared their resources with NGOs and with government line agencies in efforts to:

(a) to conserve threatened and endangered species, e.g., tagging marine turtles and establishing critical habitats as nesting sites, reseeding/ restocking of giant clams, sea ranching of holothurians (sea cucumbers), rearing of sea urchins, abalone culture/ broodstock development, and seaweed farming;

(b) protect/rehabilitate/reforest mangroves/watersheds/coral reef areas; and,

(c) conduct PCRAs.

Initiative (b) for mangroves is a common practice in the Zambales Coast, since planting of seedlings began in 1993 in the northern coast. Efforts (a) to (c) have been embodied in the MCRMP of Masinloc, for example, and included the monitoring of red tide episodes by the BFAR-ROS (Masinloc). SIKAT spearheaded the establishment of locally managed marine areas (LMMAs) in Sta Cruz, Candelaria, Palauig, and Subic, conditions of which, we presumed, have been monitored through annual PCRAs.

(3) Coastal databases have been installed since 2004 and updated almost annually in all municipalities;

(4) BFAR-RFO III assessed changes in fish stocks, both at commercial and municipal levels, in 4 NSAP sites. MFARMCs, which ensure that fishery resources are conserved and managed, have been established in all coastal municipalities. In addition, established fish sanctuaries and artificial reefs in Sta Cruz, Subic, and Olongapo were monitored. Recently, through ICRMP, fish wardens were deputized in 10 municipalities of the province.

3. Initial planning workshops: towards being functional RICs

A day dedicated to operational planning followed each State-of-Knowledge session to initiate discussions of the operational framework plan for each of the RICs. The workshop process adopted was participatory. During the session, emphasis was given on one of the long-term goals for the RIC, i.e., to be functional based on RD&E programs. Both organizational and operational structures were discussed to facilitate the implementation of the RD&E programs. It was mentioned that MERF-UPMSI was to assist the RICs in capacity building, i.e., mentoring particularly in the RD&E programs, since the RICs are expected to formulate the latter along the following themes – adaptive management of MPAs and MPA Networks, ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management (EAFM),

24

improvement of the status of threatened species, and climate change adaptation. These programs are to be carried out in support to the conservation and management of the Babuyan Corridor and the Zambales Coast.

3.1. Operational planning with CSU-Aparri, 25 September 2009

In this session facilitated by Ms. Emerlinda Dizon, the core group of CSU-Aparri would have (a) reviewed the status of endangered species, MPAs, fisheries and fisheries management in the BMC, (b) reviewed existing plans for the BMC, (c) reviewed various biodiversity researches in the BMC that have been initiated by CSU, DENR, BFAR, and NGOs, (d) assessed its capability, as the RIC, to implement RD&E focused on the biodiversity of the BMC; (e) formulated a work plan, and (f) developed its implementing structure.

3.1.1. Proposed RD&E agenda

The core group expressed that, following the information presented during the state-of-knowledge session, the following RD&E areas needed to be addressed for the BMC:

(1) Monitoring and sustaining the management of MPAs;

(2) Fisheries monitoring;

(3) Monitoring of threatened species; and,

(4) Adaptive management for climate change.

Regarding extension, the team agreed to put together a detailed program that encapsulates the four RD&E themes and to implement it in the most strategic coastal municipality in Zambales, i.e., where crosscutting issues exists. The program shall be developed from the current knowledge of the BMC and designed to address the need to take the first steps towards improving the management of the marine corridor. The extension activities shall include information campaigns to increase awareness at the grassroots level, and entail close coordination with LGUs, hence entice support to management initiatives and/ or options, and community organizing and social preparations. The core group initially proposed the following activities:

(1) Information dissemination on the status of coastal resources of the BMC, to be led by partners Mr. Antonio Cabalbag (CSU) and Mr. Quirino Pascua (BFAR-RFTC-Aparri);

(2) Information dissemination on threatened species of the BMC, to be led by partners Mr. Pascua (BFAR-RFTC-Aparri) and Ms. Jam Flores (DENR-RO II);

25

(3) Response and rescue of stranded cetaceans, to be led by partners Ms. Alice Belen (BFAR-MAO) and Prof. Meliton Soriano (CSU-Aparri); and,

(4) IEC/ capability building/ pilot testing/ and needs assessment program on climate change and adaptation, with proponents still to be determined.

The participants came up with the following research agenda/ researchable areas for each of the four RD&E themes:

3.1.1.1. Adaptive management of MPAs and MPA networks

Although there are existing MPAs in the BMC, there is a need to determine the impact of this intervention to the quality of marine ecosystems inside and outside the MPAs. The feasibility of fostering MPA networks in the BMC, i.e., establishing appropriate areas next to existing MPAs, also needs to be taken up. The following studies were proposed:

(1) Monitoring of existing MPAs in the BMC, with proponents Dr. Romeo Culasing (CSU-Aparri) and Mr. Bernie Camit (Provincial Government of Cagayan-Office of the Provincial Agriculturist, PG Cagayan-OPAg); and,

(2) Site assessment and identification of suitable MPAs in the BMC, with Dr. Esterlita Calanoga (CSU-Aparri) and Mr. Melvin Mangawil (PG Cagayan-OPAg);

3.1.1.2. Ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management (EAFM)

Because of dwindling fisheries resources in the BMC, the management of both commercial and municipal fishing practice is imperative. To provide scientific basis for fisheries management, the RIC shall initiate an assessment of existing ecological systems and the links to fisheries. The following studies were proposed:

(1) Coastal resources/ ecosystems assessment, including fisheries, with proponents Dr. Romeo Culasing (CSU-Aparri) and Mr. Benchito Villarao of BFAR-RFO II;

(2) Stock enhancement of depleted resources – sea urchins, holothurians, giant clams, freshwater clams (‘cabebe’), and lobed river mullets (‘ludong’), with proponents Dr. Eunice Layugan (CSU-Aparri) and Ms. Emma Ballad of BFAR RFTC-Aparri;

(3) Mangroves as habitats for juvenile fish, shrimps, and crabs, with proponents to be determined;

(4) The impact of the Danish seine (‘buli-buli’) on capture fisheries in the BMC, with proponents to be determined;

(5) Mackerel or ‘tangui’ fisheries in the BMC, with proponents to be determined;

(6) ‘Aramang’ fisheries in the BMC, with proponents to be determined; and,

(7) The practice of goby fry gathering in the BMC, with proponents to be determined.

26

3.1.1.3. Improvement of the status of threatened species

The BMC is home to a number of large marine species listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. To follow on from previous surveys, the need for subsequent surveys and monitoring of habitats and large ocean areas is imperative so that the basis for protecting the large marine (threatened) species is established. The study Monitoring of identified threatened species was proposed, with proponents Prof. Wilma Urmeneta (CSU) and Ms. Jam Flores of DENR-RO II.

3.1.1.4. Climate change adaptation

Physical oceanographic data on the Luzon Strait provided indications of the vulnerability of the BMC to climate change, particularly with increased sea surface temperatures (SST). The following studies were proposed:

(1) Assessment of the vulnerability of the BMC (SST, sea level rise, coastal erosion, increased precipitation and storminess), with proponents Prof. Meliton Soriano (CSU-Aparri) and Ms. Maureen Aragon of BFAR-RFO II;

(2) Impact of extreme events (e.g., flooding) to fisheries in the BMC (suggested by Dr. Nacorda); and,

(3) The role of the Cagayan River in the productivity of the BMC: nutrient input patterns (suggested by Dr. Jacinto).

3.1.2. Initial assessment of competence levels

The core group was then asked to assess their current competence level in each of the RD&E themes, so that training and coaching needs may be identified. The following scoring system was utilized: 1 – from none to limited skill/ capacity, 2 – capable but needs refresher training, and 3 – expert. Results of this assessment are presented in Table 3. Staff deemed they needed to be trained on (a) CRM, (b) biodiversity assessment methods, (c) taxonomy of vertebrates and invertebrates, (d) remote sensing and GIS, and (e) computer-based data analyses. The core group also expressed that they are open to improving their present level of research/ technical competence and extension capabilities vis-à-vis implementing the Center’s RD&E agenda for the BMC.

Staff deemed they needed to be trained on (a) CRM, (b) biodiversity assessment methods, (c) taxonomy of vertebrates and invertebrates, (d) remote sensing and GIS, and (e) computer-based data analyses. The core group also expressed that they are open to improving their present level of research/ technical competence and extension capabilities vis-à-vis implementing the Center’s RD&E agenda for the BMC.

27

Table 3 Competence levels of staff in CSU-Aparri for RD&E that may be improved by ICRMP3. Legend for competence level: 1 – from none to limited, 2 – capable but needs refresher training, 3 – expert, TBD – to be determined

Themes/ Proposed Studies/ General skills/ knowledge required Competence level (1) Adaptive management of MPAs and MPA networks

a) Monitoring of existing MPAs in the BMC (research: CSU-Aparri/ PG Cagayan-OPAg)

• Field assessment techniques – habitats (coral reef, seagrass, mangroves), reef fish (fish visual census), fisheries

1, 2

• Field identification of corals, reef fish, seagrasses, mangroves 1, 2 • SCUBA diving 1 • Data management (databases, statistics, software use –

ReefBase, FISHBase, FSat, etc) 1, 2

b) Site assessment and identification of suitable MPAs in the BMC (research: CSU-Aparri/ PG Cagayan-OPAg)

• Field assessment techniques (as above) • Field identification of corals, reef fish, seagrasses, mangroves • SCUBA diving • Remote sensing and Geographic Information System s(GIS) • Data management (as above)

1, 2 1, 2

1 1

1, 2

(2) Ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management

a) Coastal resources/ ecosystems assessment, including fisheries (research: CSU-Aparri/ BFAR-RFO II)

• Field assessment techniques (as above) 1, 2 • Fish catch monitoring and assessment 1 • SCUBA diving 1 • Data management (as above) 1, 2

b) Stock enhancement of depleted resources – sea urchins, holothurians, giant clams, freshwater clams (‘cabebe’), and lobed river mullets (‘ludong’) (research: CSU-Aparri/ BFAR-RFTC-Aparri)

• Field identification of invertebrates – urchins, giant clams, freshwater clams

TBD

• SCUBA diving 1 • Reproductive biology of fish and invertebrates TBD • Laboratory techniques (culture/ maintenance of larvae and

juveniles, sexual maturity stages) TBD

• Data management (as above) 1, 2 c) Mangroves as habitats for juvenile fish, shrimps, and crabs (research:

proponents to be determined)

• Taxonomy of fish juveniles and decapod crustaceans TBD • Field techniques TBD • Population studies TBD

d) The impact of the Danish seine (‘buli-buli’) on capture fisheries in the BMC (research: proponents to be determined)

• Fisheries assessment techniques (fish catch/ biomass measurements)

TBD

• Fish taxonomy TBD e) Mackerel or ‘tangui’ fisheries in the BMC (research: proponents to be

determined)

• Population studies TBD • Monitoring techniques TBD

(continued)

3 Competence levels of partners in RD&E may be culled from previous TNAs or determined at a later stage.

28

Themes/ Proposed Studies/ General skills/ knowledge required Competence level f) ‘Aramang’ fisheries in the BMC (research: proponents to be

determined)

• Population studies TBD • Monitoring techniques TBD • Focus group discussions (FGDs) TBD

g) The practice of goby fry gathering in the BMC (research: proponents to be determined)

• Taxonomy of fish juveniles TBD • Population studies TBD • Focus group discussions (FGDs) TBD

h) Information dissemination on the status of coastal resources of the BMC (extension: CSU/ BFAR-RFTC-Aparri)

• Popularizing of scientific/ technical information 1 • Software for presentation (e.g., PowerPoint) 1

(3) Improvement of the status of threatened species

a) Monitoring of identified threatened species (research: CSU-Aparri/ DENR-RO II)

• Taxonomic identification of sharks, rays, marine turtles (including identifying nesting sites), cetaceans (dolphins, whales)

1, 2

• Field methods 1 • GIS 1 • Data management (as above) 1

b) Information dissemination on threatened species of the BMC (extension: BFAR- RFTC-Aparri/ DENR-RO II)

TBD

c) Response and rescue of stranded cetaceans (extension: BFAR-MAO/CSU-Aparri)

• Organization and conduct of trainings/ workshops 2, 3 • Production of IEC materials 3 • Software for presentation (e.g., PowerPoint) 2

(4) Climate change adaptation

a) Assessment of the vulnerability of the BMC (SST, sea level rise, coastal erosion, increased precipitation and storminess) (CSU-Aparri/ BFAR-RFO II)

• Remote sensing, GIS, use of software 1 • Field techniques (determination of coastal erosion, sea level rise) 1 • Techniques for assessing climate (precipitation, storminess) 1 • Software use 1

b) Impact of extreme events (e.g., flooding) to fisheries in the BMC (CSU-Aparri/ others)

• Fisheries assessment techniques (fish taxonomy/ measurements) TBD • Climate assessment techniques TBD • GIS 1

c) The role of the Cagayan River in the productivity of the BMC: nutrient input patterns (CSU-Aparri/ others)

• Field methods (sampling techniques) TBD • GIS 1 • Laboratory techniques (water/ nutrient analyses) TBD

d) IEC/ capability building/ pilot testing/ and needs assessment program on climate change and adaptation (extension: CSU/ others)

• Organization and conduct of trainings/ workshops 2 • Production of IEC materials 3 • Software for presentation (e.g., PowerPoint) 2

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project leader; shall work closely with the Extension Coordinator;

(a) Research Assistants – shall assist in undertaking/conduct of research of the Center;

(b) Research Aides – shall assist in the gathering of data and help in the maintenance and upkeep of laboratory and field equipment;

(4) Extension Coordinator – in-charge of all the extension activities of the Center with the LGUs, RING members, other stakeholders; shall work closely with the Research Coordinator;

(a) Extension Workers/ Assistants – shall conduct and assist the Extension Coordinator in extension activities of the Center;

(b) Technicians – shall assist the Extension Assistants in all the extension activities of the Center and help in the maintenance and upkeep of equipment;

(5) Administrative Officer – responsible for all administrative matters of the Center;

(a) Accountant – shall oversee the financial management of the Center; and,

(b) Bookkeeper – shall manage all financial documents of the Center.

3.1.4. Expectations

Together with the descriptions above, a list of expectations was put forward by CSU-Aparri as the RIC. Hence, during the subsequent establishment phase of the RIC, CSU-Aparri was expecting DENR to:

(1) Facilitate the timely release of funds to the Center (if funds would be directly downloaded from DENR);

(2) Facilitate the timely provision of equipment and supplies for use in RD&E activities of the Center;

(3) Collaborate in RD&E, particularly for the Regional Office;

(4) Be visible in all activities of the Center, especially for the Regional Office; and,

(5) Assist in the management of the Center.

CSU-Aparri was expecting MERF-UPMSI to:

(1) Provide assistance during the establishment phase of the Center;

(2) Provide assistance in the various RD&E initiatives of the Center.

31

(3) Provide technical assistance in the training of Center staff; and,

(4) Provide assistance in the management of the Center during the duration of the Project.

3.2. First meeting on the mode of cooperation between CLSU and RMTU, 4 September 2009, RMTU-Iba, Zambales; group visit to RMTU-Candelaria

The first meeting, albeit informal, between CLSU and RMTU took place in RMTU (Conference Room of the Office of the President), Iba, Zambales, on 4 September 2009. This meeting was attended by faculty, staff, and key officials of RMTU-Iba, RMTU-Candelaria, key officials of CLSU, DENR (FASPO and RO III), and MERF-UPMSI (Appendix 26), and followed the brief visit to RMTU, as the host university to the RIC facility of Region III, by the ADB review mission and staff of DENR. The subsequent paragraphs are the draft minutes:

(1) Dr. Jacinto, then presiding, provided context and updates on the Project – the status of the recommendation with the PSC; the components of ICRMP; training through MERF-UPMSI and/or through the Project; issues of harmonizing training efforts within the Project; the Centers as focal points in enabling the effective management of coastal areas through RD&E, monitoring, and feedback; and the Centers as hubs of information on CRM and interventions in the region. Dr. Jacinto added that there were four themes for RD&E interventions and that assets from the Project were to be used to address the objectives of the Center and for the needed interventions.

(2) Dr. Jacinto started the discussions by putting forward a hypothetical structure of the Center, e.g., designating a Center head and assigning an RMTU-based director for the facility in Candelaria, and fate of equipment. He cited the experiences of MERF-UPMSI, through its current management structure, on procurement processes and acquisitions. To this, RMTU President Dr. Feliciano Rosete4 commented that procurement of major equipment through CLSU usually took a long time, i.e., based on experience of their other projects. He suggested that other acquisitio ns/ supplies to be based in the Center facility be purchased directly through RMTU.

(3) Ms. Juanita Nacino (DENR-FASPO) raised concerns on the relationship of Universities with DENR Regional Offices. She asked if there would be staff from CLSU who will be assigned to the Center (recalling from the meeting of 6 July that there may not be any full-time staff available to man the Center) and on the Center’s mechanism of reporting. Ms. Nacino also informed the meeting

4 Before the ADB review mission and staff of DENR, Dr. Rosete mentioned that RMTU was to purchase a fishing boat that will be based in its Candelaria campus, and that he was keen on improving the facilities in the campus before the end of the term of Executive Dean Jimmy Avecilla.

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32

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33

that the procedures were not yet in place and that FASPO may be open to suggestions on better ways or systems to follow for e.g., administration of funds and the reporting process. Dr. Aliño agreed to her suggestion, as it was a good opportunity provided by DENR, particularly in finding which of the available mechanisms best works for the Project, and in testing new procedures if the available mechanisms do not work.

(7) Ms. Nacino stated that equipment acquired by DENR for the Center shall be transferred to the Center (to cancel the memorandum receipt or MR with DENR) and shall be property of the Center while the Project is in progress. Dr. Sevilleja said that although CLSU may acknowledge ownership of equipment based on such transfer, RMTU, logically, may have to be accountable for some equipment that will be physically moved to RMTU. He noted that some equipment were to be placed in CLSU (as the Center), e.g., computers, office equipment, cameras, etc. It was suggested that these specifics (including maintenance) were to be itemized in the bilateral agreement between the two HEIs and need not be agreed upon at the time of the meeting.

(8) Dr. Sevilleja said that post-Project life, a bilateral agreement may be drafted between CLSU and RMTU regarding access to Project assets in the Center facility (RMTU-Candelaria). He said that within Project implementation, the assets were to be property of the Center and to be used by both HEIs; those assets to be based in RMTU were to merit the accountability of RMTU. Dr. Rosete suggested that these items be stipulated in the MOA.

(9) As to whether both HEIs were conscious about sustaining the cooperation post-ICRMP, Dr. Sevilleja said that indeed, CLSU was well aware of sustainability issues, as this had been emphasized by Dr. Jacinto during previous visits. Depending on the results of their partnership with RMTU in ICRMP, CLSU may or may not opt out after Project life. Dr. Rosete said that both Universities may decide to continue the program, consistent with their mandates, and potentially utilize each MOOEs to maintain and/ or expand the program in Zambales.

Dr. Aliño emphasized that the program being discussed was the RD&E program linked to ICRMP, and what inputs to this RD&E program would help IEC and RD&E information for stakeholders and implementers of CRM, such as the LGUs. He stressed that people in the Region must identify the Center and its facilities with research and development programs, in which 30 studies to be funded by ICRMP could start off the RICs, and then eventually build the demand for buy-ins in sustaining the financing for the facility. He referred to Information systems, knowledge products, and services (monitoring, decision-support) as examples of such buy-ins, from which requests for/ offering of partnerships have emerged in the past; the subsequent external support for the Center may be gathered based on how research projects would be operationalized while the Project is on-going. Dr. Rosete agreed to this and asserted that the Universities have got to begin fostering support and partnership from the LGUs towards achieving the objectives of the Project, and eventually continuing to encourage these beyond Project life.

34

(10) Dr. Aliño disclosed that the role MERF-UPMSI with the Centers was to help craft the RD&E programs and look at ways at how MERF-UPMSI may complement in e.g., training of staff and/or collaboration with the Centers. Dr. Jacinto added that a follow through activity was the planning workshop in order for the RICs to identify their VMGs and set concrete goals. Dr. Rosete suggested for a technical working group (TWG) to be formed immediately. He also volunteered RMTU as host of the first meeting of the TWG, during which details on the crucial step of setting up the Center’s R&D programs, as well as operational arrangements (MOA), may be discussed and documents prepared.

(11) Dr. Jacinto reiterated that in terms of the time line, MERF-UPMSI was hoping to get the official ‘go’ with the PSC’s approval of the recommendation by the following week, since the subsequent activities have already been lined up for the RICs of Luzon. Ms. Nacino updated the group that such move was only formality on the part of the PSC, since the Resolution has already been signed by DENR, BFAR, and DILG; pending were signatures of the representative from NEDA and of the Secretary.

(12) Dr. Jacinto mentioned that ASCOT has expressed interest in learning from the efforts of the Project in the South China Sea and applying these in the North Pacific seaboard. He also raised that interventions, i.e., trainings/ courses, across all RICs may have to be rationalized and that the relationship of the RICs with existing structures within the Project, e.g., the RSCs and the PSC, needed to be threshed out. Dr. Aliño commented that such gaps existed within the Project because the consulting firm that was to orchestrate all implementing agencies has not been engaged by the Project as of yet, thus, the different components/ sub-components kicked off at different periods. Ms. Nacino commented that as of the meeting, the firm has already been identified and that logistics for the firm’s engagement (i.e., draft contract) have already begun.

(13) Dr. Aliño remarked that the situation has at least made MERF-UPMSI proactive, in that it was able to identify a specific mechanism (i.e., two HEIs cooperating) that is envisioned to work for Zambales, which may serve as a model for future interventions.

(14) Dr. Sevilleja requested for Project documents so they may gain perspective on what needed to be achieved – R&D program proposals, work plans, budgets (Dr. Nacorda passed on Project documents into a flash disk provided by Dr. Terry Abella). Dr. Jacinto mentioned that the organizational structure, details of implementation arrangements/ MOA, and the visioning exercise were to be tackled in the planning workshop that was being organized by MERF-UPMSI.

(15) Ms. Nacino brought up the concern on CLSU and RMTU providing the Center with their existing staff in lieu of hiring personnel, which was deemed to potentially contribute to the sustainability of the Center in the Region. She said that based on their discussion with ADB, providing the Center with existing staff shall form part of the HEIs’ counterpart. Also, contrary to previous notion, the budget for Center staff stipulated in the PAM appeared to represent the

35

Project’s allocation for personnel’s expenditure when engaged with RIC work, e.g., honoraria (incentive) and travel.

(16) Dr. Aliño suggested that the group clarifies with FASPO what these meant – i.e., whether RICs would be obliged to pick up from these rates post-Project to keep the Center and the facility going. He reiterated that, foremost, operations have to be in place to justify the positions.

(17) Ms. Nacino said that there was also an allocation for the maintenance of facilities and operations. She informed the group that the task of purchasing the motor boat for the Center has been passed on by the Central Office to the respective Regional Offices. Dr. Jacinto inquired as to whether the Center would be allowed to acquire a vehicle, in lieu of a motor boat, which RMTU was to procure on its own anyway. Ms. Nacino replied that an approval from ADB or the Office of the President (Malacañang) might be necessary. Dr. Elizabeth Farin inquired if the fishing boat that RMTU was planning to procure would have similar specifications with the motor boat that the Project is acquiring. Dr. Aliño replied that those would definitely have different specifications, and explained that if the RMTU boat was to provide the same function as the motor boat, then another unit to serve the same purpose would be redundant. Dr. Jacinto suggested that other mechanisms of acquiring vehicles, e.g., through Trust Funds, may have to be explored, since the mechanism of acquiring a vehicle seemed cumbersome.

(18) Dr. Jacinto stated that there was some budget for refurbishment of existing building/ facility/ space. This refurbishment was assumed to happen in a building designated in RMTU-Candelaria, so that the RIC facility becomes distinct from the general labs in the campus.

(19) As regards Ms. Nacino’s query on CLSU’s expectation from the Project, Dr. Sevilleja stressed that the reason why they were strongly suggesting for the land vehicle was, foremost, for their mobility and accessibility of Zambales in implementing what ICRMP was to demand from them. CLSU was prepared to commit an existing office in their campus (Muñoz) as their official space for the RIC, the Director, and for support staff. He said that two institutions would be seen collaborating for ICRMP in the Region (a special case indeed) and that the move to urge DENR and even ADB to approve the vehicle request would be valuable. He asked for MERF-UPMSI to help them appeal to DENR on such petition for the Center (not CLSU, Dr. Sevilleja pointed out).

(20) Dr. Aliño, on emphasizing the research program, conveyed to the group that UPMSI started out with very little equipment but used these to enable its research, since the research program, as a prerequisite to implementing research, was more crucial than having equipment. For its willingness to work on established facilities in other areas and with another institution, Dr. Aliño commended the level of maturity that CLSU has achieved.

Dr. Jacinto reiterated that as the Center, CLSU may use its designation and established leadership to leverage funds in future, and recalled the Korean

36

ADB person’s statement, i.e., that ABD was looking at these interventions to last more than a couple of years, which could progress to future projects that CLSU, individually or collectively and with other institutions, might pursue.

Dr. Sevilleja stated that CLSU was aware of the state of affairs early on yet gave their commitment; he added that they looked at this as a window of opportunity. Dr. Aliño told the group that CLSU has been part of the AFMA network with UPMSI, which accessed funds for research through a research program at the national or regional level. Initially, and for its level of capability as a research institution, CLSU as the RIC would be able to leverage funds for its research agenda in Zambales. Dr. Sevilleja reiterated that for them, the vehicle would make it easier to implement the program in Zambales. Dr. Aliño seconded this, and then urged the group to refocus the discussion on achieving the Center’s objectives instead of dwelling on what assets to be acquired, as has been the case for some institutions that he has seen.

Dr. Aliño mentioned that there were outfitted institutions in the country that have ceased to be functional after Project life because the facilities either remained unused/ underutilized or became dilapidated. He also shared to the group that other individuals have explicitly shown their hesitation over the recommendation for the Region III because the arrangements were perceived to be difficult and not as straightforward. He, however, strongly believed that the arrangement between CLSU and RMTU would achieve more and would foster a better relationship, rather than having it done another way for the Region, i.e., simply downloading the money to the RIC and then that would be it.

(21) Regarding next steps, Dr. Jacinto asked about the availability of staff of both CLSU and RMTU on 8 to 9 October 2009. MERF-UPMSI was to forward documents to them (possibly also a draft template of the MOA) between then and those dates. A planning workshop was to be organized for the Region and this was to be hosted by RMTU (taking on the suggestion of Dr. Rosete). The workshop was planned for a small group, i.e., it would entail attendance of 2 to 3 participants (tentatively) from each HEI.

(22) Dr. Jacinto gave the outlook for the next hours, i.e., lunch together, and then travel to the campus in Candelaria to check out the proposed Center facility.

The team from CLSU, along with MERF-UPMSI and Dr. Farin, visited RMTU-Candelaria. They were shown around by Executive Dean Jimmy Avecilla.

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38

3.3.1. Addenda to the State-of-Knowledge presentations

Before the workshop proper, the group agreed to give way to the presentations of CRM-related work of RMTU as well as initiatives of UPMSI in the Zambales Coast, since these have not been accommodated by the program of the previous day.

3.3.1.1. Floral diversity assessment of mangrove ecosystem in Masinloc, Zambales

Prof. Rowena Remojo-Sazon presented their surveys and analyses of the mangrove vegetation in in coastal barangays of Masinloc (Appendix 29). She described the structure of mangroves based on 6 parameters and then enumerated various uses of mangroves to the people of Masinloc, including the people’s pattern of utilization. The causes to failed reforestation projects were also given followed by the authors’ recommendations. The abstract of Prof. Remojo-Sazon’s talk is as follows:

Floral Diversity Assessment of Mangrove Ecosystems in Masinloc, Zambales Sazon, Rowena Remojo and Gascon, Antonio F. Ramon Magsaysay Technological University, Iba, Zambales

The study was conducted to assess the floral diversity of mangrove forests in the four coastal barangays of Masinloc, Zambales including Brgy. Baloganon, Brgy. Inhobol, Brgy. San Lorenzo, and Brgy. San Salvador. The factors that contributed to the present state of mangrove ecosystems were likewise evaluated. Three 10 x 10 m quadrats were located in each study site. The species composition and the floral diversity of each mangrove ecosystem were analyzed and compared using the following indices: Shannon-Weiner Index of Diversity (SHDI), Shannon-Weiner Index of Evenness (SHEI) and Simpson’s Index of Dominance. Ten major mangrove species belonging to five families of Rhizophoraceae, Sonneratiacea, Avicenniaceae, Palmae and Combretaceae, four minor components and six mangrove associates were identified. Sonneratia alba, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata were the species common in all sites. Sonneratia alba was the most dominant species in Brgy. Baloganon and San Salvador having an importance value (IV) of 192.86 and 165.02, respectively. Among the sites studied, Brgy. Inhobol was the most diverse in terms of mangrove floral composition attaining an SHDI of 0.97. The remaining mangrove stands in Masinloc were still in a healthy state but comprised mainly of young mangrove vegetation. Most species were within the diameter range of 4.1 – 20.0 cm. Sonneratia alba was the only species representing all diameter classes attaining a dbh of more than 40 cm.

Various stakeholders valued mangroves in terms of resource and regulatory functions. Several factors, however, threatened the condition of mangrove forests in Masinloc, such as the use of sayudsod, crab harvesting by soil digging, water pollution, coastal development, squatting, continued fishpond development, and the lack of formal regulations. Brgy. Inhobol should be given utmost priority in conservation since it possessed the highest mangrove floral diversity. Other areas should likewise be protected through formal regulations and introduction of wise pattern of mangrove resource utilization.

Open Forum/ Discussion (1) Question (Dr. Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto, CLSU): Have you considered

molecular techniques for the species identification of mangroves?

Reply (Prof. Remojo-Sazon): Not yet, but that is a very good suggestion.

39

(2) Comment (Dr. Terry Abella, CLSU): Perhaps one major cause of the decline of mangroves in Masinloc is encroachment by humans and that aquaculture may also be rapidly expanding in the area. One way to address this would be from data obtained from informant interviews.

(3) Question (Dr. Lucena Mercado, DENR-FASPO): Is your output similar to what has been presented by DENR? May I also suggest that IEC on mangroves and its reforestation be intensified in the area?

Reply (Prof. Remojo-Sazon): No, these results are relatively recent and different from what DENR presented yesterday.

(4) Comment (Ms. Juanita Nacino, DENR-FASPO): I suggest that this material be presented to DENR, especially in relation to favoring mariculture over keeping mangrove stands. I recall that even cutting mangroves within private property required a permit.

(5) Question (Dr. Paz-Alberto): Did you happen to visit the area again? Can we presume that there have been changes because of 2007 and 2008 CRM interventions reported yesterday?

The last question was left unanswered because while recognizing that the whole day may be spent with exchanging views on the matter, Dr. Jacinto redirected the focus of the group to the rest of the workshop.

3.3.1.2. Socio-economic impact of the establishment of fish sanctuary

in Candelaria, Zambales

Prof. Jurelac Marquez shared results of their key informant interview surveys in Candelaria on respondent awareness/ importance of the sanctuary and of their scanning exercise on the perceived social and economic benefits with establishing the sanctuary (Appendix 30). The various fish sanctuaries were described and then the peoples’ awareness and perspectives on the sanctuary were given. Prof. Marquez presented the various fisherfolk organizations in Candelaria, the membership of the respondents, the organizing initiative of SIKAT, and the activities related to the management and protection of the sanctuary. The management capability of the organizations in terms of protection and conservation measures, tally of violators, capability to resolve problems, and coping mechanisms were also presented. On economic benefits, Prof. Marquez reported profiles of fisherfolk incomes as well as volumes and species composition of fish catch. The abstract of her presentation is as follows:

Socio-economic impact of the establishment of fish sanctuary in Candelaria, Zambales Marquez, Jurelac D., Sazon, Rowena R. and Ramirez, Luzaminda F. Ramon Magsaysay Technological University, Iba, Zambales The study was conducted to describe the socio-economic status of the fisherfolks of Candelaria, Zambales, before and after fish sanctuary establishment. Descriptive method of research was used to determine the socio- economic profile of the residents

40

of Sinabacan and Malabon. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling method. Secondary data were obtained from SIKAT, local government units (LGUs), and the Department of Agriculture-Municipal Agriculture Office (DA–MAO) of Candelaria, Zambales. Survey data were treated using statistical tools like frequency, mean and percentages. The study revealed that the respondents were well informed on the nature and objective of fish sanctuary due to the information campaign conducted by the LGU and NGO before the sanctuary was established. The Candelaria fishermen socially benefited from the establishment of the fish sanctuary. It was found out that the respondents’ membership in organizations enabled them to participate in seminars and trainings that honed their leadership and management skills and made them effective leaders in conserving and protecting the marine resources. Their strong commitment and vigilance resulted to a decreased incidence of illegal fishing in the municipal waters of Candelaria. In terms of economic benefits, the fish sanctuary has not yet improved the economic conditions of the fishermen in the area. However, after 3 years of operation, the ecological condition of the sanctuary and its marine resources has significantly improved and it has become a showcase for locally managed marine areas.

Open Forum/ Discussion

(1) Suggestion (Dr. Olive Parico, CLSU): Maybe conduct another series of interviews to validate the social perception, since the respondents are inclined to say ‘no improvement with sanctuary’. There must be some sort of check in the field.

Comment (Dr. Pol Yambot, CLSU): It would be in this respect where results of stock assessment studies are used. I heard you have catch per effort data – there are mathematical equations to help assess catch volumes. We do not have data yet from Zambales; these would be good to obtain from the fisherfolks.

(2) Question (Dr. Parico): Is there no alternative livelihood offered by the LGU?

Reply (Prof. Marquez): There are offers but only to a chosen few, which is why the current support of fishers to alternative livelihood efforts is weak.

(3) Suggestion (Dr. Mercado): Perhaps your sequel study can look into possible multi-financing mechanisms. Also, I suggest that you include biodiversity-related questions in the survey form.

3.3.1.3. Biodiversity studies along the Zambales Coast

Dr. Aliño shared highlights of their component in the Project component “Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand”, particularly regarding work on benchmarking and monitoring of the MPA network in Masinloc (Appendix 31). The network is composed of 3 fish sanctuaries located in Bani, San Salvador, and Panglit, and 1 ‘taclobo’ or giant clam farm. Methods for the biological and ecological surveys for benthos and fish inside and outside each MPA site were presented. The Project subsequently came up with status reports that were fed back to the participating local groups and LGUs. Other initiatives that

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42

3.3.2. Finding the RIC’s niche: from perception of issues, recommending interventions/ strategies/ research, to prioritizing research needs of the Zambales Coast

Ms. Dizon guided the group to a series of questions (Appendix 32), responses to which had to be written in color-coded paper or metacards. She asked the participants to recall the state-of-knowledge session and then provide their ideas on the following: (a) the issues and challenges that beset the Zambales Coast, (b) the interventions needed to enhance ZC’s coastal resources (management ideas), (c) programs, projects, and strategies, and (d) research. Finally, she invited all participants to code the research ideas with either orange (to denote its impact) or green (to denote achievability).

These issues and challenges list included:

• Cutting of mangrove trees/ no protection of mangroves;

• Biodiversity loss;

• Depletion of marine resources;

• Pollution/sedimentation/siltation brought about by mining;

• Destructive fishing practices like cyanide and blast fishing;

• Lack of information on the present status of fisheries;

• Low level of community appreciation of coastal resources/ lack of coordination in protecting the marine resources;

• Implementation of laws/governance;

• Livelihood problems of the fisher folk; and,

• Lack of implementation dissemination on how to manage the coastal areas.

The group’s ideas on the needed management interventions were:

• Integrated/comprehensive management plan and coastal planning;

• Assess fisheries stocks first, then recommend measures;

• Profile of physical, chemical and biological resources;

• Positive identification of all species;

• GIS mapping of mangrove areas in Zambales;

• Conservation of fisheries and aquatic resources;

• Biodiversity conservation, assessment, and monitoring;

43

• Enactment of the seascape and terrestrial (transition) areas;

• Political will;

• Translate database, i.e., popularize; database management;

• Provision of alternative livelihood to fisher folks/ sustained alternative livelihood for fisher folk/alternative livelihood opportunities; and,

• Mangrove reforestation/ establish mangrove germplasm/ mangrove plantation.

Their ideas on the necessary programs/projects/strategies for the Zambales Coast were:

• Proper waste disposal;

• Artificial reefs;

• Convergence of all conservation efforts/harmonize aquaculture with the conservation works presently done in Zambales;

• Coordination of various agencies in the implementation of laws to protect the marine resources;

• Indigenize/popularize all available IEC materials;

• Sustainable mechanisms following previous Project efforts;

• Political will; and,

• Identify ICRM champions/intensify community level education and advocacy/champions/IEC/promotion and dissemination of technological strategies for resources conservation/increase peoples’ participation in resource management.

Finally, the group put forward the following ideas for research:

• Access to new technology;

• Asexual propagation of mangrove trees;

• Assessment of sustainable off-shore aquaculture;

• Biodiversity assessment;

• Comprehensive planning with a research planning unit;

• Development of GIS for MIS on CRM;

• Effect of climate change on coastal resources;

44

• Food from mangrove trees;

• Physico-chemical assessment of marine waters;

• Socio-economic impact of CRM;

• Stock assessment and management of fisheries;

• Substrate characterization and species suitability for mangrove reforestation; and,

• Transplantation of corals.

From these, 8 research ideas received frequencies greater than 0 on perceived impact and achievability (Table 4). These ideas were ranked based on totals of these measures and frequencies were spread by HEI. Both HEIs agreed on quantifying biodiversity as the top item in the research agenda for the Zambales Coast, followed by assessments of climate change effects and of fisheries stocks and their management. The need for a GIS on CRM efforts and the access to new technology ranked next. These first 4 ideas were perceived to be achievable, considering staff competencies.

Specific studies, i.e., coral transplantation, asexual propagation of and food from mangrove trees, substrate characterization and species suitability for mangrove reforestation, and physico-chemical assessments of marine waters, were perceived to contribute little to the current needs of the ZC.

Table 4 Research ideas perceived to be on top of the research needs of the Zambales Coast (impact) and their achievability based on current staff competencies.

Research Ideas Impact Achievability

CLSU RMTU Total CLSU RMTU Total

(1) Biodiversity assessment 5 4 9 6 4 10

(2) Effect of climate change on coastal resources

6 2 8 4 2 6

(3) Stock assessment and management of fisheries

5 2 7 2 2 4

(4) Development of GIS for MIS on CRM

2 3 5 3 2 5

(5) Access to new technology 3 2 5 4 0 4

(6) Socio-economic impact of CRM

1 0 1 2 2 4

(7) Comprehensive planning with a research planning unit

0 1 1 1 0 1

(8) Assessment of sustainable offshore aquaculture

0 0 0 1 0 1

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(7) Research Assistant - Undertake the biodiversity research activities in coastal resources;

(8) Faculty Research Personnel - Faculty members in CLSU and RMTU who undertake research works in coastal resources; and,

(9) Administrative staff/ Support staff - Personnel who assist in the clerical/administrative works, maintenance and cleanliness of the RIC in CLSU and Center Laboratory Facility in RMTU, Candelaria.

3.3.4. Expectations

During the subsequent establishment phase of the Center, four institutions – DENR, CLSU, RMTU, and MERF-UPMSI – expressed their commitment of support, willingness to contribute and share resources towards a common goal. In achieving the Center’s objectives for biodiversity research monitoring in the Zambales Coast, CLSU is to lead in the RD&E activities of the Center and provide training facilities; RMTU is to cooperate with CLSU in RD&E by providing manpower and facilities; DENR is to provide technical assistance and facilitate the Center’s financial/administrative support; and, MERF-UPMSI is to provide assistance in MPA M&E and feedback, climate change monitoring, and suggestions on the Center facility design and operations.

The institutions also expressed their expectations from their partners. Thus:

(1) CLSU expects collaboration/ cooperation from RMTU, in terms of partnership in RDE activities (cf. provision of manpower and facilities);

(2) CLSU anticipates assistance from DENR in gathering secondary data, apart from ensuring that funds for RDE activities flowed;

(3) CLSU expects technical advice/expertise from MERF-UPMSI, as well as assistance in RDE activities;

(4) With partnership with CLSU, RMTU is to benefit from CLSU’s technical expertise; hence, enhance and improve their level of competence in RDE;

(5) As host to the Center facility, RMTU expects that, post-ICRMP, assets acquired and housed in their facility would be eventually be turned over to them;

(6) RMTU anticipates benefits from the expertise of MERF-UPMSI, as it shall spearhead the RDE program that the Center is to undertake, and that it shall also participate in the M&E of the Center;

(7) RMTU hopes to gain from the technical expertise and capability building initiatives of DENR, and similarly expects DENR to share secondary data and/or obtain these from other Project partners;

47

(8) As assisting academe to the Center, MERF-UPMSI looks forward to CLSU’s strategic leadership in the region’s ICRM, effective coordination of RDE in the regional network, and well-motivated partnerships in RDE;

(9) MERF-UPMSI expects RMTU to manage the facility on-site and be able to carry out integration of RDE also on-site (Zambales); and,

(10) MERF-UPMSI expects DENR to support the research programs of the Center, effectively coordinate such support, and assist with data access especially with partners in ICRMP.

4. Proposed mechanisms for RIC functions

Since the Centers are to take on tasks directed towards strengthening CRM and marine biodiversity conservation initiatives in their assigned corridor, the Centers shall lead in coastal and marine biodiversity research and monitoring in their respective corridors. The RICs shall develop their R&D capability to address relevant issues in the coastal environment/ marine corridor in question. During planning and/or implementing the interventions, the Centers may involve individuals and institutions in the region that are engaged in CRM efforts.

4.1. Biodiversity monitoring

Biodiversity monitoring involves following overall changes in community composition or indicator assemblages across space and through time, as surrogates for ecosystem health7. Monitoring programs shall be designed to include the establishment of baseline data. Indicators (species or assemblages) shall be selected and their attributes followed through time. Along with indicators, interventions (e.g., human disturbance) shall be identified and assessed as well. A comprehensive program could be designed to include examining the effects of human populations on target species, as this is a recommended basic activity alongside monitoring biodiversity. Studies that document the effects of climate change using indicators of ecosystems, the vulnerability of ecosystems, their appropriate responses, and human adaptation to the changing environment must be pursued.

4.2. R&D capacity development

The Project has provided an opportunity for the Centers to each come up with a research program that may consist of several projects/studies that can be

7 Kremen C, Merenlender AM, Murphy DD (1994) Ecological monitoring: a vital need for integrated conservation and development programs in the tropics. Conservation Biology 8(2): 388-397

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implemented during the subsequent 2 years. For Regions II and III, the Centers may begin to cull from the synthesis of the inputs to the state-of-knowledge workshops. Initially, CSU-Aparri has proposed specific studies and their RDE partners under the general themes provided by MERF-UPMSI (see Section 3.1.1, this Report). The Centers are currently drafting their capsule proposals as a program (as of this Report), guided by the R&D priorities for Luzon that have been put together by DENR in a workshop with academic and research institutions last January 2010. On receipt of the proposals, MERF-UPMSI shall convene the core groups this June 2010 to assist them in packaging the concept papers into full-blown proposals and, as necessary, also in integrating the concepts as a program. Once packaging is completed, the Centers shall submit these proposals to the ICRMP Project Management Office (PMO) to complete the evaluation and approval process.

The core group and other staff of the Centers are to receive technical assistance and guidance from MERF-UPMSI, particularly in developing their competence and skills for RDE. They may also be engaged by MERF-UPMSI in the various projects being implemented in the marine corridors. As there is an effort to harmonize training among the different components of ICRMP, there is also the possibility of being included in trainings to be conducted by PAWB and BFAR. Competence and skills for RDE shall not be limited to those required in the field; practical training on data analyses tools and technical writing (reports, publications) are included.

4.3. IEC

As focal points for undertaking IEC campaigns, the Centers shall launch campaigns in print, radio, and electronic media to generate public awareness on coastal and marine environmental issues specific for the BMC and the ZC. The campaigns ought to also generate support to interventions meant to address the issues. Thus, the Centers shall utilize scientific results of various studies, including those from their marine corridor-targeted research. They shall also feedback to the public the impact of interventions. The Centers’ campaigns shall be directed to academic units (teachers and student representatives from all levels) and officials of LGUs along the BMC and the ZC, as they may echo the learnings to the wider public. The Centers shall also organize a collection of IEC materials relevant to their marine corridor.

4.4. Networking and collaborative undertaking

The Centers essentially encourage networking and collaboration when they facilitate the convergence of individuals and institutions that are active on CRM in the region. They shall discuss, plan, implement, and/or complement the CRM and biodiversity conservation interventions needed in the BMC and the ZC. MERF-UPMSI has been promoting the concept of the RING (Regional ICRM Network Group) to forge collaboration among and eventually mobilize stakeholders in the BMC and the ZC, mainly to help accelerate, hence, achieve sooner, the country’s biodiversity conservation targets. The RINGs are, thus, to be potential venues for sharing,

49

RICs’ Operational Framework Plan

23 February 2010Progress on the Establishment of RICs in Regions II and III,

FundingICRMP budget for RICs

Budget under research/ studies (30)

Internal budget (counterpart)

External sources – DOST, CHED, DA, DENR, USAID, etc.

Training courses (for a fee?)

Figure 18 Sources of funds to support the functions of the RICs – initially from ICRMP (first 2 bullets) and some counterpart allocation, and then possibly from external sources and organized training. Source: slide from the presentation

planning together, and forging agreements for common visions. Since adaptive management strategy is a mechanism to evolve management plans and perspectives, the RINGs shall help bring players of ICRM in the regions to synergize their efforts not only in aggregation but also in sharing resources, such as technical expertise, manpower, and other necessary implements. The outreach programs of the HEIs, for example, may be tapped to upgrade the technical capability of the community. The RING members may also participate, i.e., design and undertake, IEC campaigns.

5. Funding and financial sustainability

Initially and during Project life, i.e., until December 2012, the Centers were made to understand that funding for their functions were to be primarily borne by ICRMP, secondarily through the University as their counterpart (Center space, personnel). The Centers were also informed that they are eligible to take advantage of budget for research studies in the Project. Post-ICRMP, funds to continue the Centers’ functions may be sourced out from DOST, CHED, DA, DENR, and various international organizations/ foundations (e.g., ADB, UNEP, UNDP, USAID, David and Lucille Packard Foundation Inc.) subject to submissions of sound proposals with attainable objectives. At some point, training courses may be offered to the public for a fee. These ideas have been floated by MERF-UPMSI during the update/progress meeting with assisting academic institutions on 23 February 2010 at FASPO (Fig. 18).

6. Schemes for the M&E of the RICs

A performance standard and system was proposed to be formulated with the RIC and the Project Steering Committee (PSC) so as to allow gauging the day-to-day performance and the achievement of particular milestone outputs and overall RIC targets. A set of indicators shall be agreed upon with the RIC, and such is seen to also facilitate the development of cooperative arrangements for the RING.

In the subsequent strategic planning workshop, the Centers shall list specific outputs that they are targeting to achieve within at least 1 year. For example, the capacity-building targets in relation to the RDE objectives will be identified and then the process will be

50

clarified and agreed upon. For capacity-building, the initial targets would be the establishment of an RIC coordinating system, with a recognized structure, defined roles and responsibilities, and incentives. Targets and milestones have been proposed in the Inception Report; these shall be presented and discussed with the Centers.

The RDE program to be funded by the Project shall have its own review process and to be led by DENR-ERDB, as agreed during the Convergence Workshop held in Antipolo, Rizal on 25 March 2010.

An organizational development (OD) consultant may be engaged to provide integrative advice on the systems and procedures appropriate for achieving the objectives of the RICs, their functions, and development strategies and tactics. The consultant shall provide advice on the framework and an overall review of the OD concerns and findings on synergies with the ICRMP as a whole.