D Archana

Green computingGreen computing

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GREEN COMPUTINGGREEN COMPUTING


ContentContents s Origins Origins

Roads to Green ComputingRoads to Green Computing Regulations and industry initiativesRegulations and industry initiatives Government Government Industry Industry Approaches to green computingApproaches to green computing Algorithmic efficiency Algorithmic efficiency Virtualization Virtualization Terminal Servers Terminal Servers Power management Power management Materials recycling Materials recycling Telecommuting Telecommuting Advantages of green computingAdvantages of green computing

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What is Green computing?What is Green computing?

Green computingGreen computing is the study and practice of using is the study and practice of using

computing resources efficiently.computing resources efficiently.

Green computing is the environmentally responsible use of computers and related resources. Such practices include the implementation of energy-efficient central processing units (CPUs), servers and peripherals as well as reduced resource consumption and proper disposal of electronic waste (e-waste).


Roads to Green ComputingRoads to Green Computing

TTo effectively address the environmental impacts of o effectively address the environmental impacts of computing/IT, we must adopt a holistic approach and computing/IT, we must adopt a holistic approach and make the entire IT lifecycle greener by addressing make the entire IT lifecycle greener by addressing environmental sustainability along the following four environmental sustainability along the following four complementary paths:complementary paths:

Green useGreen use -- reducing the energy consumption of -- reducing the energy consumption of computers and other information systems as well as computers and other information systems as well as using them in an environmentally sound manner. using them in an environmentally sound manner.


Green disposalGreen disposal -- refurbishing and reusing old computers and -- refurbishing and reusing old computers and properly recycling unwanted computers and other electronic properly recycling unwanted computers and other electronic equipment.equipment.

Green designGreen design -- designing energy-efficient and environmentally -- designing energy-efficient and environmentally sound components, computers, servers, cooling equipment, and sound components, computers, servers, cooling equipment, and data centers. data centers.

Green manufacturingGreen manufacturing -- manufacturing electronic components, -- manufacturing electronic components, computers, and other associated subsystems with minimal impact computers, and other associated subsystems with minimal impact on the environment.on the environment.


OriginOrigin In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

launched launched Energy StarEnergy Star, a voluntary labeling program , a voluntary labeling program which is designed to promote and recognize energy-which is designed to promote and recognize energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other technologies.other technologies.

This resulted in the widespread adoption of sleep mode This resulted in the widespread adoption of sleep mode among consumer electronics. among consumer electronics.

The term "green computing" was probably coined The term "green computing" was probably coined shortly after the Energy Star program began. shortly after the Energy Star program began.


The Swedish organization TCO Development launched the The Swedish organization TCO Development launched the TCO Certification program to promote low magnetic and TCO Certification program to promote low magnetic and electrical emissions from CRT-based computer displays.electrical emissions from CRT-based computer displays.

This program was later expanded to include criteria on energy This program was later expanded to include criteria on energy consumption, ergonomics, and the use of hazardous materials consumption, ergonomics, and the use of hazardous materials in construction.in construction.


Regulations and industry initiativesRegulations and industry initiatives

GovernmentGovernment• Many governmental agencies have continued Many governmental agencies have continued

to implement standards and regulations that to implement standards and regulations that encourage green computing.encourage green computing.

• The Energy Star program was revised in October 2006 The Energy Star program was revised in October 2006 to include stricter efficiency requirements for computer to include stricter efficiency requirements for computer equipment, along with a tiered ranking system for equipment, along with a tiered ranking system for approved products.approved products.


The European Union's directives on the reduction The European Union's directives on the reduction of hazardous substances, and on waste electrical of hazardous substances, and on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) required the and electronic equipment (WEEE) required the substitution of heavy metals. substitution of heavy metals.

flame retardants like PBBs and PBDEs in all flame retardants like PBBs and PBDEs in all electronic equipment put on the market starting on electronic equipment put on the market starting on July 1, 2006. July 1, 2006.

There are currently 26 US States that have There are currently 26 US States that have established state-wide recycling programs for established state-wide recycling programs for obsolete computers and consumer electronics obsolete computers and consumer electronics equipment. equipment.


IndustryIndustry Climate Savers Computing Initiative (CSCI) is an effort Climate Savers Computing Initiative (CSCI) is an effort

to reduce the electric power consumption of PCs in to reduce the electric power consumption of PCs in active and inactive states.active and inactive states.

Green Computing Impact Organization, (GCIO) is a Green Computing Impact Organization, (GCIO) is a non-profit organization dedicated to assisting the end-non-profit organization dedicated to assisting the end-users of computing products in being environmentally users of computing products in being environmentally responsible.responsible.

Green Electronics Council-- The Green Electronics Green Electronics Council-- The Green Electronics Council offers the Electronic Products Environmental Council offers the Electronic Products Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT) to assist in the purchase of Assessment Tool (EPEAT) to assist in the purchase of "green" computing systems."green" computing systems.


Approaches to green computingApproaches to green computing

Algorithmic efficiency:Algorithmic efficiency: The efficiency of algorithms has an impact on the The efficiency of algorithms has an impact on the

amount of computer resources required for any given amount of computer resources required for any given computing function and there are many efficiency computing function and there are many efficiency trade-offs in writing programs. trade-offs in writing programs.

Virtualization:Virtualization: Computer virtualization refers to the abstraction of Computer virtualization refers to the abstraction of

computer resources, such as the process of running computer resources, such as the process of running two or more logical computer systems on one set of two or more logical computer systems on one set of

physical hardware.physical hardware.


Terminal Servers:Terminal Servers:

• Terminal servers have also been used in green computing Terminal servers have also been used in green computing methods. When using terminal servers, users connect to a methods. When using terminal servers, users connect to a central server.central server.

Power management:Power management:

• In the power management ,we have to manage the Power In the power management ,we have to manage the Power supply, Storage, Video Card, Display and operating system supply, Storage, Video Card, Display and operating system issues.issues.


RecyclingRecycling

RecyclingRecycling involves processing used materials into new involves processing used materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution and water pollution.and water pollution.

Recycling is a key component of modern waste Recycling is a key component of modern waste management and is the third component of the management and is the third component of the “Reduce ,Reuse, Recycle" waste hierarchy.“Reduce ,Reuse, Recycle" waste hierarchy.

Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass paper, metal, plastic textiles, and electronics.paper, metal, plastic textiles, and electronics.


The Recycle Logo

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• Concrete Concrete blocks blocks

• batteries batteries

• Steel Steel recycling recycling

• Plastic Plastic


Computer recyclingComputer recycling

Computer recyclingComputer recycling is is the recycling or reuse of the recycling or reuse of computers.computers.

It includes both finding It includes both finding another use for materials another use for materials (such as donation to (such as donation to charity), and for reuse in charity), and for reuse in other products.other products.


Reasons for recyclingReasons for recycling

Many materials used in the construction of computer Many materials used in the construction of computer hardware can be recovered in the recycling process for hardware can be recovered in the recycling process for use in future production. use in future production.

Reuse of tin, silicon,iron,aluminium, and a variety of Reuse of tin, silicon,iron,aluminium, and a variety of plastics— all present in bulk in computers — can plastics— all present in bulk in computers — can reduce the costs of constructing new systems. reduce the costs of constructing new systems.

In addition, components frequently contain copper, In addition, components frequently contain copper, gold, and other materials valuable enough to reclaim in gold, and other materials valuable enough to reclaim in their own right.their own right.


Recycling methodsRecycling methods

Consumer recycling :Consumer recycling : Consumer recycling Consumer recycling

options include donating options include donating computers directly to computers directly to organizations in need, organizations in need, sending devices directly sending devices directly back to their original back to their original manufacturers, or getting manufacturers, or getting components to a components to a convenient recycler.convenient recycler.


• Donation :Donation :•Consumer recycling includes a variety of donation options, such as charities which may offer tax benefits. The U.S.EPA maintains a list of donation options for American consumers.

• Take back:•When researching computer companies before a computer purchase, consumers can also find out if they offer recycling services. Most major computer manufacturers offer some form of recycling.

• ExchangeExchange•Manufacturers often offer a free replacement service when Manufacturers often offer a free replacement service when purchasing a new PC. Dell computers and Apple Inc.will take back purchasing a new PC. Dell computers and Apple Inc.will take back old products when one buys a new one. Both refurbish and resell old products when one buys a new one. Both refurbish and resell their own computers with a one-year warranty.their own computers with a one-year warranty.


•Businesses seeking a cost-effective way to recycle large amounts of computer equipment responsibly face a more complicated process.

•They also have the option of contacting the manufacturers and arranging recycling options.

Corporate recycling


TelecommutingTelecommuting

• Teleconferencing and Telepresence technologies are Teleconferencing and Telepresence technologies are

often implemented in green computing initiatives.often implemented in green computing initiatives.

• The advantages are many like,The advantages are many like,

Increased worker satisfaction, reduction of greenhouse Increased worker satisfaction, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions related to travel, and increased profit gas emissions related to travel, and increased profit margins as a result of lower overhead costs for office margins as a result of lower overhead costs for office space, heat, lighting.space, heat, lighting.


Advantages of green computingAdvantages of green computing

The advantages of green computing are:The advantages of green computing are:

Reduce the use of hazardous materials. Reduce the use of hazardous materials.

Maximize energy efficiency during the product's Maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime. lifetime.

Promote recyclability or biodegradability of defunct Promote recyclability or biodegradability of defunct

products and factory waste.products and factory waste.


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