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support services for major oil and gascompanies worldwide. Cynara systems,

processes, and people have establishedthemselves as the industry leader. withoperating facilities in the US, Canada,Southeast Asia and Argentina

With ongoing experience in own and

operate plants, customer facilitiesoperation, and field service support,NATCO/Cynara knows the real worldneeds and concerns of the customer. Withthis vast experience, NATCO/Cynara canrecommend the most economical and

reliable solution, whether it is a stand-

alone membrane system or a hybridsystem with other separationtechnologies.

Since their first installation in 1983,

Cynara Systems have established animpressive track record for the industry.NATCO owned and operated SAROCfacility keep working every day withminimal downt ime. The averageavailability maintained since startup is 99

percent. From this operating experienceand success, NATCO understands

membrane systems better than anyone.

Cynara CO2 Membrane Separation Solutions

Acid gas CO2

separation systems with Cynara Membranes

Cynaras light -weight, compact and efficient membrane system

Cynara Membranes are easy to install

Issue 7 09.02 Page 3017-A1

Onshore and offshore, the largestinstalled base of equipment byvolume world-wide

Turnkey projects, dehydrating the gasand recovering liquid hydrocarbons,as well as separating the CO2

High-capacity projects of 700 millioncubic feet per day and higher

CO2 inlets from 5% to 85%, outletsfrom 1.5% to 50%

World leader in membrane

technology for EOR applications

A world of experienceFrom the worlds first commercial CO2membrane plant for CO2 recovery in EOR

applications (SACROC) to t he worldslargest CO2 membrane plant for naturalgas clean-up (700 MMscfd, CakerwalaGas Field Development - Petronas CarogaliTriton Operating Company) Cynara

Membrane Systems, a NATCO Grouptechnology continues to lead t he industrywith state of the art CO2 MembraneSeparation Systems.

Cynara designs and provides custom

membrane pre-treatment equipment,membrane systems, field operations and

This experience assures customers thatthey can depend on NATCO to providethe performance and efficiency that theydemand in a separation system. It alsoallows NATCO to anticipate and deliver the

customized solutions required to enhancethe customers ability to compete.

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Cynara (CO2) Membrane Separation Solutions

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Cynaras Membrane technologyCynaras gas separation modules operate onthe basis of selective permeation. Thetechnology takes advantage of the fact thatgases dissolve and diffuse into polymericmaterials. If a pressure differential is set up

on opposing sides of a polymeric film(membrane), transport across the film(permeation) will occur. The product of asolubility coefficient and a diffusioncoefficient determines the rate ofpermeation. Very small molecules (He andH2) and highly soluble molecules, small

molecules (CO2, H2S) permeate faster thanlarge molecules (N2, C1, C2 and heavierhydrocarbons). For example, most oil andgas application involve CO2 removal fromnatural gas components. When a natural gasstream containing CO2 is fed to a

membrane, the CO2 will permeate themembrane at a faster rate than the naturalgas components. Thus, the feed stream isseparated into a CO2 rich, low pressurepermeate stream and a CO2-depleted, highpressure natural gas stream.

Any polymeric material will separate gases tosome extent. Proper selection of thepolymeric material comprising themembrane is extremely important. Itdetermines the ultimate performance of the

gas separation module. Cynara selected

cellulose acetate as a base membranematerial. Cellulose acetate is very inert andstable in CO2/hydrocarbon environments.Furthermore, the proprietary acetyl contentof the Cynara membrane optimizes

membrane productivity and separationcapability for EOR and natural gas clean-upapplications. For the customer, this meanslower capital and operating costs.

Module productivity for a given basematerial is determined by three factors:

partial pressure difference across themembrane, membrane thickness andmembrane surface area. The partial pressuredifference is typically determined by thespecifics of the application. The membranemanufacturer can address the other factors

determining membrane productivity. Within-house membrane manufacturing andR& D capability, Cynara directly controls andis solely responsible for quality control andperformance of the membrane product. In-house R& D efforts continue to evolve the

membrane technology to new levels ofperformance. This combination allows

Cynara to customize fibers and membranesfor specific appl ications.

Cynaras membrane modules consist ofhundreds of thousands of asymmetrichollow fibers. Epoxy tube sheets on each

end of the fiber bundle and o-rings are used

to separate feed and permeate gas.Pressurized gas flows into the membranecase, where it contacts the fiber bundle. Gasflows radially inward. As the gas traversesthe bundle, CO2 selectively permeates the

fiber into the low pressure lumen of thefiber. The residual gas continues across thebundle and is collected in a centralperforated tube. There are many inherentadvantages of this design. The hollow fibertechnology maximizes surface area per unit

volume relative to competing membranetechnology. Double ended permeate flow

minimize pressure drop down the lumen ofthe fiber maximizing separationperformance. The vertical orientation of thehollow fibers combined with the central

collection tube and the unique ability ofcellulose acetate to withstand condensinghydrocarbons allow for efficient handling ofhydrocarbon liquids. In fact, hydrocarbonliquids are a valuable product for manycustomers. The Cynara element is the only

membrane element that combines all ofthese features into a single device.

By centralizing related services-membranemanufacturing, R& D, testing, qualitycontrol, engineering and NATCOmanufacturing capabilit ies, NATCO achieves

economies of scale, quality control, productavailability and a level of productresponsibility not possible through anoutside supplier or multiple suppliers.

These capabilities mean that NATCOprovides customers with better products andservices in the following ways:

Full control of scheduling Constant quality upgrades by working

with clients to opt imize membranesystems for specific applications

Enhanced troubleshooting

Rapid implementation of new fiber or

element design 20 years of membrane application and

operation experience.

Features Benefits

Low installed cost Skid mounted packages allow for reduced installation cost.Installation savings due to small footprint and lightweightskids. Ideal for remote locations and offshore applications

Low operating cost Minimum operator attention No external energy supplied

Environmentally friendly No chemicals required: No chemical storage No chemical disposal

Operational flexibility Flexible operation. Accommodates variations in feed gascomposition and flowrate. Large turndown capability.

Process flexibility The membrane system can be applied to grass root facilities

as well as modifying existing facilities. Capacity can be added

incrementally

Module casingCentral residualcollection tube

Tube sheet hollowfiber bore

Permeate (CO2andH2S) exits from bothends of the module

Tube sheet

Feed gas

Membrane fibers

Permeate (CO2and H2S)

Residual or non-permeate(hydrocarbons + N2)

www.natcogroup.com

For more information on Cynara Membrane SeparationSolutions or other NATCO Group products contact:

NATCO Group Head OfficeHouston, USATel: +(1) 713 683 9292Email: sales@natco-us.com

NATCO Canada

Calgary, CanadaTel: +(1) 403 236 1850Email: sales@natco.ab.ca

Scomi NATCO JVKuala Lumpur, MalaysiaTel: +(60) 3 2080 5080Email: sales@natcosea.com

Axsia GroupGloucester, EnglandTel: +(44) 1452 833800Email: asbl@axsia.com

Axsia HowmarCamberley, EnglandTel: +(44) 1276 681101Email: ahl@axsia.com