Cylinder and Crankcase
Transcript of Cylinder and Crankcase
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Cylinder and Crankcase
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Marine diesel engine cross section
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The cylinders of marine diesel engines arewater cooled. The bore of each cylinder isformed in a liner which can be replacedwhen worn out and which is surroundedby a cooling water jacket. The water is indirect contact with the outer surface of theliner as a result of which it is termed a wet liner. In the most usual arrangementcylinder liners are enclosed in one castiron casing forming a cylinder block.
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Model Rated power(kW) Rated rpm
(r/min) Fuel
consumption(g/kW.h)
Oilconsumption(g/
kW.h)
Overalldimensions
(mm) Net weight
(kg)
8190ZLCZ-R 720 1450 204 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200
8190ZLC 720 1450 204 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200
8190ZLCZ-1R 600 1200 202 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200
8190ZLC-1 600 1200 202 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200
8190ZLCZ-2R 500 1000 202 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200
8190ZLC-2 500 1000 202 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200
8190ZLCZ-3R 650 1300 202 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200
8190ZLC-3 650 1300 202 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200
Technical Specification of 8-Cylinder Diesel Engine:
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The cooling water jacket is common to all thecylinders, but there are often dividing walls to ensurethat each cylinder receives the right amount and flowof water. Doors are provided on the cylinder casing,through which the water spaces may be cleaned andinspected when overhauling the engine. In an
alternative construction the liners do not come indirect touch with the cooling water but make a metal- to - metal contact with the cylinder casting whichcontains the water jackets and are known as dry liners. These can be made fairly thin as the cylindercasting itself withstands all stresses. Close contact
between dry liner and casting is absolutely necessary ;if it is missing, considerable resistance to heat flowresults.
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Cylinder block
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The top of each cylinder is closed by a cylinder head orcover held down by studs and nuts to the cylinder blockmaking a gas - tight seal between the head and the liner.The complete cylinder block is supported above thecrankcase by a structure which may take one of severalforms.A typical design of a slow speed marine diesel engine isshown in Fig. 1.3. The crankshaft is carried in bearingsformed in a bedplate. On the bedplate is mounted acasting termed the column or frame which forms thecrankcase and supports the cylinder block. The forcesproduced by the gas pressure in the cylinders aretransmitted from the top of the cylinder block directly tothe bedplate by the tie bolts (tie rods ). These bolts passthrough all the separate components of the structure, thusmaintaining them in compression and ensuring that allmajor tensile loads are carried by the steel members.
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What are diesel engines cooled with ?Where does the cooling water circulate ?What does the cylinder block enclose ?What is the function of the dividing walls in the waterspaces ?Why is a firm contact needed between a dry liner andthe cylinder casting ?How is a gas - tight seal between a head and a cylinderensured ?What other types of seal do you know ?Describe the type of crankcase shown in Fig. 1.3.
What are tie bolts intended for ? What loads do theyhave to carry ?State the main structural features of petrol engines usedin motor cars .
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I Colum n includes definitions of som e of the term slisted in colum n B . Match each definition with theright term forming a full sentence.
Now beginning from the column B make a definition ofeach term using a relative clause. Use information from
Lesson One for those not defined in column A .
Ex. The crankcase is / may be defined as / the housingwhich / that / contains the crankshaft and provides thespace for its rotation.
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A B
1. Replaceable sleeve inserted in the cylinder block directly surrounded by cooling water.
2. Steel rod running from the bedplate to the cylinder block to the tie the structure together in verticaldirection.
3. Component closing the top end of the cylinder so as tomake a confined space in which to compress air.
4. Base supporting the crankshaft bearing and enclosingthe lower part of the crankcase.
5. Enclosed space surrounding the cylinder liner for the
cooling water to circulate6. Stretching force produced by firing pressures tending
to push the cylinder head and the crankshaft bearings
apart7. Casting containing the cylinders.
a. Crankcase b. Cylinder headc. Wet linerd. Dry linere. Cylinder blockf. Tensile loadsg. Columnh. Water jacketi. Tie bolt
j. Bed plate
k. Cylinder borel. Bearings
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II Below are two diagrams representing the main
stationary i.e. fixed ) parts of a marine dieselengine.
Complete the labeling against the letters ( a - k ).
Give a description of each element with referenceto its location, function, material or any feature
you can think of.
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List A List B
1. to carry2. cover3. circulation4. contact5. to encircle6. to hold7. part8.
to place (on)9. to resist10. to shut
a. to mount b. to surroundc. componentd. to closee. flowf. to maintaing. headh.
to supporti. touch j. to withstand
III For each of the words in the list A find a word ofsimilar meanings in List B the words of the lattergroup are used in the text )
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IV Choose suitable words from list B to replace the underlined expressions.
The structure of most engines consists of three parts:the bedplate, frame and cylinder block all being held in compression by long tiebolts to resist the stresses created by the firing loads.
A casting, known as the column, is placed on the bed plate and carries the cylinderblock.
In order to keep low temperature cylinder liners are encircled with a jacket andcooling is carried out by the circulation of fresh water.
A liner is said to be wet when its outer surface is in direct contact with cooling
water.
A cover shuts the top end of cylinders; in some types of engine the cylinder coveris in two parts; a cast iron water - cooled lower half and a cast - steel uncooledupper half.
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V a Find words of opposite meaning for the followingusing them in sentences your own:
thin, inner, minor, bottom, dry .
Ex. A gas tight seal means a seal preventing any leak ofgas.
b Form a compound expressing:
A ring preventing any leak of air.
A system of pipes preventing any leak of water.A tank for fuel preventing any leak of oil.
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VI Study the examples listed below:
(a). Wear in a cylinder liner is mainly due to friction,abrasion and corrosion.
(b). After some time in service the bore of the linerswears unevenly.
The word wear is used as a noun in (a) and asa verb in (b).
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Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word choosing amongWEAR ( noun or verb ), WORE ( past tense ), WORN ( past participle ) andWEARING ( gerund ).
1. The use of wrong or _________ tools can cause damage.2. When valve seat __________ , it must be renewed.3. On the last voyage the liners _____________ at an excessive rate due
to the burning of low grade fuel.4. Do cylinder liners ____________ at constant rate during the life of
an engine.During the first few months there is a rapid _______ . After that, the
rate is reduced, but __________ away of the liners and piston ringscontinues.
6. The usual practice is to renew cylinder liners when they have_________5 - 6 mm on the diameter as a maximum.
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ODNOSNE R NI I ( Relative Clauses, Adjectival Clauses )
The bore of the cylinder is formed in a liner which canbe replaced when worn
out and which is surrounded by a cooling water jacket.
Dry liners make metal - to - metal contact with thecylinder casting which contains
the water jackets.
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Istaknute reenice opisuju (specificiraju ) ipoblie oznauju znaenje rijei na koje seodnose, tj. koju opisuju. Te su rijei uglavnomimenice kao npr. liner i water jacket ugornjim primjerima. Relativne reenice uvode seodnosnim zamijenicama WHICH ( za stvari), WHO ,WHOME, WHOM ( za ljude ) te THAT ( za stvari iljude ) i WHAT . Budui da se odnose samo naimenicu ili imeniku grupu koju opisuju, onese umeu u strukturu reenice .
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For cooling purposes the quantity of oil that flowsthrough the piston is more important than thetemperature.
Odnosne reenice imaju ulogu slinu pridjevu, pa se stogai nazivaju pridjevskim reenicama
The auxiliary engine - The engine that is used forauxiliary purposes ( i.e. lighting, refrigeration, deckmachinery, etc. )
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II Link the following pair of sentences whit WHICH, WHOor THAT omitting the unnecessary words.
Eg.The junior engineer was urgently taken to the hospital.He had seriously injured his hand while replacing theliner.
Eg. The junior engineer, who had seriously injured his armwhile replacing the liner, was urgently taken to thehospital.
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The cylinder block is covered by the cylinder head.In the cylinder block the liners are fitted.
In Vee engines the top of the column has two
sloping surfaces. On these surfaces the cylinderblocks are placed.
The tie bolts connect the main parts of enginestructure. They transmit the forces produced by the
gas pressure in the combustion chamber.
The bedplate provides a support for the mainbearings. The crankshaft is carried by the mainbearings.
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I have just talked to the Chief Engineer. He has beensailing for twenty years.
Doors are fitted to the cylinder casting. Through thesedoors the water spaces may be cleaned and inspected.
The Second and the Third Assistant Engineers shall reportto the First Assistant Engineer. He shall assign them theduty.
The general maintenance and repair works are to be doneduring the drydocking in Rotterdam. We discussed andplanned them last night. ( Passive Relative Clause )
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Yesterday Mr. Brown joined ship to takeover his duty. Mr. Brown had beenappointed to the vacant post of ChiefEngineer.
Ships spares must immediately be re-ordered. We have used some spares in
recent repairs.( Passive Relative Clause ).
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II Translate into English
o Poklopci, koji zatvaraju gornji kraj cilindra, su privreni usadnim vijcima na bloku motora.
o Voa stroja koji je primjetio kvar (failiure) na kotlu,odmah je obavijestio oficira stroja.
o Kod brodskih motora koji su graeni u V - izvedbi ( Vee- form ) cilindarski blokovi smjeteni su (place) pododreenim kutom jedan prema drugom.
o Voda koja se upotrebljava za hlaenje cilindra mora seprije ulaska u vodeni plat proistiti .
o Specijalni runi moment- klju ( torque wrench ) kojim semogu pritezati ( tighten ) kotveni vijci, utedio je mnogosati neugodnog ( unpleasant ) rada ispod poda( platform )glavnog motora.
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Test 1. Supply the missing wordsloads, bore, liner, wet, cylinder block, frame, cooling water
jacket, casing, overhauling, metal - to - metal, dry,withstands, casting, cylinder head, studs, seal, crankcase,bearings, cylinders, bedplate, tie bolts, water jacket
The ___________ of marine diesel engines are water cooled. The___________ of each cylinder is formed in a _________which can be replaced when worn out and which issurrounded by a cooling _______. The water is in direct
contact with the outer surface of the liner as a result ofwhich it is termed a _________ liner. In the most usualarrangement cylinder liners are enclosed in one cast ironcasing forming a _____________.
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The ___________ is common to all the cylinders, but thereare often dividing walls to ensure that each cylinderreceives the right amount and flow of water. Doors areprovided on the cylinder _________, through which thewater spaces may be cleaned and inspected when
___________ the engine. In an alternative construction theliners do not come in direct touch with the coolingwater but make a __________ contact with the cylindercasting which contains the water jackets and are knownas _________ liners. These can be made fairly thin asthe cylinder casting itself __________ all stresses. Closecontact between dry liner and ________ is absolutelynecessary ; if it is missing, considerable resistance to heatflow results.
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The top of each cylinder is closed by a __________ orcover held down by __________ and nuts to the cylinderblock making a gas - tight ___________ between the headand the liner. The complete cylinder block is supportedabove the __________ by a structure which may take one
of several forms.The crankshaft is carried in ___________ formed in abedplate. On the _________ is a mounted casting termedthe column or _________ which forms the crankcase andsupports the cylinder block. The forces produced by the
gas pressure in the cylinders are transmitted from thetop of the cylinder block directly to the bedplate by the_________ (tie rods ). These bolts pass through all theseparate components of the structure, thus maintainingthem in compression and ensuring that all major tensile__________ are carried by the steel members.
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1.THE DEFINITION OF A FRAME
The engine load carrying part that includes:
cylinder block
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1.THE DEFINITION OF A FRAME
The engine load carrying part that includes:
cylinder block
crankcase
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1.THE DEFINITION OF A FRAME
The engine load carrying part that includes:
cylinder block
crankcase
bedplate or base
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1.THE DEFINITION OF A FRAME
The engine load carrying part that includes:
cylinder block
crankcase
bedplate or base
sump or oil pan
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1.THE DEFINITION OF A FRAME
The engine load carrying part that includes:
cylinder block
crankcase
bedplate or base
sump or oil pan
end plates
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1.THE DEFINITION OF A FRAME
The engine load carrying part that includes:
cylinder block
crankcase
bedplate or base
sump or oil pan
end plates
2. THE DEFINITION OF A CYLINDER BLOCK
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1.THE DEFINITION OF A FRAME
The engine load carrying part that includes:
cylinder block
crankcase
bedplate or base
sump or oil pan
end plates
2. THE DEFINITION OF A CYLINDER BLOCK
A cast iron casing which encloses / houses cylinder liners &supports heads .The heads are tightly secured by studs and nuts tothe cylinder block.
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3. THE DEFINITION OF A CRANKCASE
The crankcase is a housing for the crankshaft and providesspace for its rotation.
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3. THE DEFINITION OF A CRANKCASE
The crankcase is a housing for the crankshaft and providesspace for its rotation.
3.1 MATERIAL
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3. THE DEFINITION OF A CRANKCASE
The crankcase is a housing for the crankshaft and providesspace for its rotation.
3.1 MATERIAL
cast steel
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3. THE DEFINITION OF A CRANKCASE
The crankcase is a housing for the crankshaft and providesspace for its rotation.
3.1 MATERIAL
cast steel
cast steel & welded steel plates
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3. THE DEFINITION OF A CRANKCASE
The crankcase is a housing for the crankshaft and providesspace for its rotation.
3.1 MATERIAL
cast steel
cast steel & welded steel plates
3.2 LOCATION
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3. THE DEFINITION OF A CRANKCASE
The crankcase is a housing for the crankshaft and providesspace for its rotation.
3.1 MATERIAL
cast steel
cast steel & welded steel plates
3.2 LOCATION
A column or frame , mounted on the bedplate , forms the enginecrankcase.
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3. THE DEFINITION OF A CRANKCASE
The crankcase is a housing for the crankshaft and providesspace for its rotation.
3.1 MATERIAL
cast steel
cast steel & welded steel plates
3.2 LOCATION
A column or frame , mounted on the bedplate , forms the enginecrankcase.
3.3 CONNECTION
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3. THE DEFINITION OF A CRANKCASE
The crankcase is a housing for the crankshaft and providesspace for its rotation.
3.1 MATERIAL
cast steel
cast steel & welded steel plates
3.2 LOCATION
A column or frame , mounted on the bedplate , forms the enginecrankcase.
3.3 CONNECTION
Bedplate to frames-by steel tie rods / long tie bolts
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3. THE DEFINITION OF A CRANKCASE
The crankcase is a housing for the crankshaft and providesspace for its rotation.
3.1 MATERIAL
cast steel
cast steel & welded steel plates
3.2 LOCATION
A column or frame , mounted on the bedplate , forms the enginecrankcase.
3.3 CONNECTION
Bedplate to frames-by steel tie rods / long tie bolt
Cylinder covers to cylinder liners-by strong studs anchored inthe cylinder block ( M.A.N. )
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3.4 CRANKCASE EXPLOSION
3.4.1 Causes
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3.4 CRANKCASE EXPLOSION
3.4.1 Causes
Oil droplets are formed by oil splashing from the
bearings mix with air.This mixture does not readily burnor explode unless there are overheated parts within thecrsnkcase & presence of fuel oil .
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3.4 CRANKCASE EXPLOSION
3.4.1 Causes
Oil droplets are formed by oil splashing from the
bearings mix with air.This mixture does not readily burnor explode unless there are overheated parts within thecrsnkcase & presence of fuel oil .
3.4.2 Prevention
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3.4 CRANKCASE EXPLOSION
3.4.1 Causes
Oil droplets are formed by oil splashing from the
bearings mix with air.This mixture does not readily burnor explode unless there are overheated parts within thecrsnkcase & presence of fuel oil .
3.4.2 Prevention
Proper maintenance, correct lubrication, cleanliness.
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3.4 CRANKCASE EXPLOSION
3.4.1 Causes
Oil droplets are formed by oil splashing from the
bearings mix with air.This mixture does not readily burnor explode unless there are overheated parts within thecrsnkcase & presence of fuel oil .
3.4.2 Prevention
Proper maintenance, correct lubrication, cleanliness.
3.4.3 Safety arrangements
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3.4 CRANKCASE EXPLOSION
3.4.1 Causes
Oil droplets are formed by oil splashing from the
bearings mix with air.This mixture does not readily burnor explode unless there are overheated parts within thecrsnkcase & presence of fuel oil .
3.4.2 Prevention
Proper maintenance, correct lubrication, cleanliness.
3.4.3 Safety arrangements
Crankcase explosion relief valves;
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3.4 CRANKCASE EXPLOSION
3.4.1 Causes
Oil droplets are formed by oil splashing from the
bearings mix with air.This mixture does not readily burnor explode unless there are overheated parts within thecrsnkcase & presence of fuel oil .
3.4.2 Prevention
Proper maintenance, correct lubrication, cleanliness.
3.4.3 Safety arrangements
Crankcase explosion relief valves;
Inert gas flooding system;
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3.4 CRANKCASE EXPLOSION
3.4.1 Causes
Oil droplets are formed by oil splashing from the
bearings mix with air.This mixture does not readily burnor explode unless there are overheated parts within thecrsnkcase & presence of fuel oil .
3.4.2 Prevention
Proper maintenance, correct lubrication, cleanliness.
3.4.3 Safety arrangements
Crankcase explosion relief valves;
Inert gas flooding system;
Crankcase mist detector
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3.4.4 Consequences
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Minor explosion, flames, pressure shock wave
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3.4.4 Consequences
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Minor explosion, flames, pressure shock wave
( ruptures crankcase doors )
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3.4.4 Consequences
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Minor explosion, flames, pressure shock wave
( ruptures crankcase doors )
Major explosion widespread damage.
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3.4.4 Consequences
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Minor explosion, flames, pressure shock wave
( ruptures crankcase doors )
Major explosion widespread damage.
3.4.5 Actions
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3.4.4 Consequences
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Minor explosion, flames, pressure shock wave
( ruptures crankcase doors )
Major explosion widespread damage.
3.4.5 Actions
Stop engine until it cools down.
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4. BEDPLATE OR BASE
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4.1 DEFINITION
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4. BEDPLATE OR BASE
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4.1 DEFINITION
Main strenght part providing rigid support for the main bearings
and crankshaft .
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4. BEDPLATE OR BASE
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4.1 DEFINITION
Main strenght part providing rigid support for the main bearings
and crankshaft .
4.2 STRUCTURE
longitudinal box structures with stiffening members and webs
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4.1 DEFINITION
Main strenght part providing rigid support for the main bearings and crankshaft .
4.2 STRUCTURE
longitudinal box structures with stiffening members and webs
transverse members or girders
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4.1 DEFINITION
Main strenght part providing rigid support for the main bearings and crankshaft .
4.2 STRUCTURE
longitudinal box structures with stiffening members and webs
transverse members or girders
4.3 STRESSES
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4. BEDPLATE OR BASE
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4.1 DEFINITION
Main strenght part providing rigid support for the main bearings and crankshaft .
4.2 STRUCTURE
longitudinal box structures with stiffening members and webs
transverse members or girders
4.3 STRESSES
Heavy stresses in operation;
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4.1 DEFINITION
Main strenght part providing rigid support for the main bearings and crankshaft .
4.2 STRUCTURE
longitudinal box structures with stiffening members and webs
transverse members or girders
4.3 STRESSES
Heavy stresses in operation;
While supporting the main bearings and bolts
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4.4 FUNCTION
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To support the frame and all working parts .
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