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Transcript of Cycles in Nature Section 1: The Cycles of Matter Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All...
Cycles in Nature
Section 1: The Cycles of Matter
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
End of Slide
The Cycles of MatterSection 1
Bellringer
What are the three different physical states of water that are found on Earth? Name one way that you use water in each of these states in your daily life.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
The Cycles of MatterSection 1
Objectives• Diagram the water cycle, and explain its importance to living things.
• Diagram the carbon cycle, and explain its importance to living things.
• Diagram the nitrogen cycle, and explain its importance to living things.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
End of Slide
The Cycles of MatterSection 1
The Water Cycle • How Water Moves During evaporation, the sun’s heat causes water to change from liquid to vapor. In the process of condensation, the water vapor cools and returns to a liquid state. The water that falls from the atmosphere to the land and oceans is precipitation.
• Water and Life Without water, there would be no life on Earth. All organisms, from bacteria to animals and plants, are composed mostly of water.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
End of Slide
The Water CycleSection 1
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
The Cycles of MatterSection 1
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
• Photosynthesis and Respiration Photosynthesis is the basis of the carbon cycle. During photo-synthesis, plants use carbon dioxide from air to make sugars. Carbon returns to the environment through respiration.
• Decomposition and Combustions The breakdown of substances into simpler molecules is called decomposition. Combustion is the process of burning a substance, such as wood or fossil fuels. Decomposition and combustion of organic matter releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
The Carbon Cycle
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The Carbon CycleSection 1
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
The Cycles of MatterSection 1
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
• Converting Nitrogen Gas About 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere is nitrogen gas. Most organisms cannot use nitrogen gas directly. However, bacteria in the soil are able to change nitrogen gas into forms that plants can use.
• Passing It On When organisms die, decomposers break down the remains. Decomposition releases a form of nitrogen into the soil that plants can use. Finally, certain types of bacteria in the soil convert nitrogen to a gas, which is returned to the atmosphere.
The Nitrogen Cycle
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The Nitrogen CycleSection 1
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The Cycles of MatterSection 1
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
• Converting Nitrogen Gas Other forms of matter on Earth also pass through cycles. Many of the minerals that living cells need, such as calcium and phosphorous, are cycled through the environment.
Many Cycles
End of Slide
Ecological SuccessionSection 2
BellringerImagine that you have been hired to oversee the maintenance of a public forest. Answer the following questions to describe how you would approach the task:• How would you evaluate the health of the forest?• What actions would you take to keep the forest healthy?• What factors might pose a threat to the health of the forest? How would you prevent these factors from causing harm?
Write your answers in your science journal.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Ecological SuccessionSection 2
Objectives• Describe the process of succession.
• Contrast primary and secondary succession.
• Explain how mature communities develop.
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End of Slide
Cycles in NatureChapter 19
Concept Map
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Use the following terms to complete the concept map on the next slide: water cycle, precipitation, decomposition, carbon, combustion, condensation, carbon cycle, photosynthesis.