Tech Day VI 1

Dine and Learn

Denver, CO

Sept 8, 2020

IEEE Denver Section – Dine and Learn

Cybersecurity for Transactive Energy Systems (TES)

Tim Weil – IEEE Senior Member

Chair – IEEE Denver COMSOC Chapter

http://comsoc.ieee-denver.org

Cybersecurity Professional / Executive Advisor

SecurityFeeds – http://www.securityfeeds.com

Tech Day VI 29/3/2020

Denver IEEE Blockchain Initiative - https://securityfeeds.us/denver-blockchain-initiative-ieee

•Blockframe / Blockchain Developer Community - Privacy

Initiative

•Use Cases from the Cable Industry – COMSOC Webinar

Series #1

•Blockchain for Transactive Energy Workshop – COMSOC

Webinar Series #2

•Blockchain for Telecommunications – – COMSOC

Webinar Series #3

•BlockFrame (Colorado Springs) - Chris Gorog CEO

•Blockchain Developer Community (bc-dc)

See also 'Rethinking DLT' article by NIST Computer

Scientist Rick Kuhn.

Tech Day VI 39/3/2020

IEEE GREENTECH and DU Program Advisor (Renewable Energy Program)https://ieeegreentech.org/

Tech Day VI 49/3/2020

A Framework for Determining Blockchain Applicability -(IEEE Software Jul/Aug 2018 – Brian Scriber (Cable Labs)

Tech Day VI 59/3/2020

Blockchain for Transactive Energy Systems – IEEE Symposium

Transactive Energy (TE) will be an important technology enabler that will change today's utility business

models towards the utility of the future. TE will also affect future energy markets, driven by new technologies,

such as, energy automation, distributed solar photovoltaic, distributed energy storage systems (DESS), smart

metering, distributed energy resources (DER), and so one. However, current TE models lack the "trusted

transactive layer" needed to implement new energy market dynamics capabilities. In this context, the

presentations covered the full gamut of issues pertaining to transactive energy and distributed ledger

technologies. The IEEE was also able to present their standards work and research in Colorado in the above

areas.

• •IEEE Affiliates - Blockchain Initiative, Future Directions, COMSOC, Denver Section

• Universities – CU-Boulder, University of Denver, Colorado State (Fort Collins) and Carnegie Mellon University)

• Energy Sector - National Renewable Energy Labs, NREL, US Department of Energy, Xcel Energy, Duke Energy

• Blockchain Industry Companies – BlockApps, Pinnacle, EnLedger, BlockFrame, Global Blockchain Alliance

Tech Day VI 69/3/2020

Presentations from Blockchain for Transactive Energy Workshop (Boulder, CO Feb. 2020)

Global Communication Newsletter (June 2020)

Tech Day VI 79/3/2020

Blockchain Not Well Suited for Transactive Energy Market (2019))

Tech Day VI 89/3/2020

DU Summer Program in Renewable Power for Smart City / Smart Grid

Tech Day VI 99/3/2020

CU TCP Symposium – COMSOC Recognition of Wei Gao’s Technical Paperhttps://www.securityfeeds.us/ieee-blockchain-transactive-energy-summit-boulder

51st North American Power Symposium

SMALL-SCALE MICROGRID ENERGY MARKET BASED ON BLOCKCHAIN

University of Denver

Tianlu Gao, Wei Gao, Jun Jason Zhang, and David Wenzhong Gao

Presenter: Wei Gao

IEEE Blockchain Transactive Energy Summit

Introduction

11

UsersISO

GeneratorRetail Trader

DERs

Smart Building

PILT-DAO --- Decentralized Autonomous Organization of Parallel Integrity, Longevity, and Transparency

Solution

Low information security (losing data and users' privacy)

Low integrity, longevity, and transparency of transaction

Centralized Electricity Market

Indirect trading between consumers and generators

Disadvantage

Complicated trading if a lot of DGs

Direct trading without the third party

Introduction

1). Hash

Function:

Any transaction

information for

the input,

fixed-length bit

string (Hash

Value) for the

output

2). Proof of

Work:

To find the

required

output, a lot of

computational

efforts are

needed

3). Timestamps:

A proof for the

specific time of

this transaction

The flow chart of all processes of transaction in blockchain 12

Introduction

13

DDAO Energy

Market

Blockchain Network

DAO Participants

Smart

Contract

Alice: account

holder on market

Bob: account

holder on market

Ali

ce s

ends

a sm

art

contr

act

to b

uy

energ

y f

rom

Bob u

sing t

oken

s

Bob r

eceiv

ed tokens,

and s

ell th

e

ene

rgy

to

Ali

ce b

y p

hy

sic

al d

ev

ice

All participants

in blockchain

network are

witnesses

Smart Contract

The DAO Business Model

• A protocol in computer

• Enhanced security

• Decreased human's mistakes and costs

• An unstopped organization

• Run and written by sets of smart contracts

• Achieve an autonomy systemThe DAO Business Model

Small-scale Microgrid Energy Market

14

Existing Grids

Future Energy Market Based on PILT-DAO

Entities Modeling LayerG

en

era

tio

nT

ran

smis

sio

nC

on

sum

pti

on

Dis

trib

uti

on

DGs

&

Microgrids

Entities

Smart

BatteriesNet

Meters

Energy

Management

System

（EMS）

Distributed

Consensus

System States

Machine

Scheduling &

Dsipatch

Price Mechanism Layer PILT-DAO Market Layer

DLPMsBids

Day Ahead Real Time Ancillary

Distribution Operator System

Main Grid Data

and Control

（SCADA）

Power

Mismatch

Monitoring &

Communication

PILT-DAO

Market Platform

Smart

Contracts

Parallel

System

Existing Energy Markets

The architecture of small-scale microgrid energy market

Three Layers Tasks

Modified IEEE 13 nodes system in MATLAB

Entities modeling layer(Distributed Generators)

Price mechanism layer(Distributed Algorithm)

DLMP based on Consensus + Innovation Algorithm

PILT-DAO market layer(Distributed Market)

Using Blockchain, DAO and Web3 User Interface tools

Market Layers: Entities Modeling Layer

15

650

632

G

633 634645646

671 692 675684611

680652

MG

MG

The modified IEEE 13

nodes test feeder

system topology

Generator Nodes:

650(SG), 646(PV),

633(PV), 684(PV),

692(MG), 680(MG)

Load Nodes: 646, 645,

632, 634, 611, 671,

675, 652

Tech Day VI 169/3/2020

Tech Day VI 179/3/2020

IEEE P2418.5 Blockchain in Energy Standards (Dr. Claudio Lima)https://standards.ieee.org/project/2418_5.html

Tech Day VI 189/3/2020

IEEE P2418.5 Blockchain in Energy Standards (Dr. Claudio Lima)https://standards.ieee.org/project/2418_5.html

Tech Day VI 199/3/2020

IEEE P2418.5 Blockchain in Energy Standards (Dr. Claudio Lima)https://standards.ieee.org/project/2418_5.html

Design and Modelling of Blockchain Enabled Distribution Energy Markets

Tarek ElgindyDylan Cutler, Sathya Balamurugan, Ted Kwasnik, Dane Christensen, Bethany Sparn, Sam Booth

NREL | 21

Distribution System Basics

• Substations: Drop the voltage to 4kV, 12.47kV, 13 kV etc. from transmission

• Feeders: Transport power from substation to customers. Normally around 4-8 per substation. Range between 1-24

• Primaries: Section of feeder connecting substation to service transformers. 1, 2 or 3 phase.

• Distribution transformers: Drop voltage to 480V, 240V or 120V. Many configurations (two phase input, one phase and neutral (center tap), three phase etc.)

• Secondaries: Section of feeder connecting low voltage customers to distribution transformers.

NREL | 22

NREL | 23

NREL | 24

BlockCypher Pilot Overview

Description: • Execute transactions between two homes in ESIF leveraging foreseeTM HEMS to

control hardware in response to price signals• Develop an application for executing time-series contracts for sales/purchase

of energy between two homes• Leverage BlockCypher’s APIs to interface with blockchain• Embed cryptographically signed energy generation in the blockchain

transactions• Settle transactions on an existing cryptocurrency platform

Goal: Laboratory testing of a platform for enabling distributed energy markets and facilitating increased penetration of DER in the retail utility market.

Team: Dylan Cutler,Ted Kwasnik, Sivasathya Balamurugan, Bethany Sparn, Sam Booth

NREL | 25

Home 1 – Buyer Home: Major Appliances + HVAC + PV + Battery

Home 2 – Seller Home: Major Appliances + HVAC +

PV

NREL | 26

Workflow

Exports Electricity

Meter Datato BC

Consumes Electricity

Receive & Decrypt Data

Payment to BC

Receive Payment

Timeline

SELLER

BUYER

p2p app

foresee

p2p app

foresee

NREL | 27

Base case

P2P Contract

Load Shifting into Contract Window

Contract Start

AC Dishwasher

Battery Charging

NREL | 28

Distribution Market Approach

• Design and implement a marketplace facilitating smart contract generation, matching of bids/asks, and contract execution

– Establish spot and futures markets, uncertainty pricing

– Deliver competition and consumer choice via P2P

– Communicate locationally-dependent pricing

– Grid-edge visibility to utilities

– Reduced costs and overhead w/ increased cybersecurity

NREL | 29

Foresee Home Energy Management System

User Preferences

Weather Service

Statistical Learning

System Identification

Human control drivers Environmental control drivers

Battery Storage

PV Inverter

HVAC(t-stat)

Water Heater

Dish Washer

LaundryPower

Metering

ctrl data ctrl data ctrl data ctrl data ctrl data ctrl data data

Fridge

ctrl data ctrl

Optimized Multi-Criterion

Decision Making

data data

NREL | 30

SMART-DS: Synthetic Distribution Systems

Sub-transmission network

Three-phase medium voltage

Single-phase medium voltage (A/B/C)

Single-phase low voltage (A/B/C)

Three-phase low voltage

Synthetic SFO4.3M Customers>10M electric nodes

Rural 12.47kRural 25kVUrban 12.47kUrban 4kvUrban delta

33© 2015. All Rights Reserved.September 3, 2020

Renewable Energy Solutions

Duke Energy Renewables has completed more than 99 projects in 17 states, totaling more

than 2,900 MW of renewable energy.

349/3/2020

Blockchain for Energy Trading in the Microgrid - https://blockframe.com

359/3/2020

Blockchain for Energy Trading in the Microgrid - https://blockframe.com/

369/3/2020

Blockchain for Energy Trading in the Microgrid - https://blockframe.com/

379/3/2020

Blockchain for Energy Trading in the Microgrid - https://blockframe.com/

389/3/2020

Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center - https://www.eisac.com/

39© 2015. All Rights Reserved.September 3, 2020

E-ISAC Documents & NIST Smart Grid Security Controlshttps://www.eisac.com/resources/documents

Reference NIST Smart Grid Security Requirements Families

SG.AC Access Control

SG.AT Awareness and Training

SG.AU Audit and Accountability

SG.CA Security Assessment and Authorization

SG.CM Configuration Management

SG.CP Continuity of Operations

SG.IA Identification and Authentication

SG.ID Information and Document Management

SG.IR Incidence Response

SG.MA Smart Grid Information System Development and Maintenance

SG.MP Media Protection

SG.PE Physical and Environment Security

SG.PL Planning

SG.PM Security Program Management

SG.PS Personal Security

SG.RA Risk Management and Assessment

SG.SA Smart Grid Information System and Services Acquisition

SG.SC Smart Grid Information System and Communication Protection

SG.SI Smart Grid Information System and Information Integrity

409/3/2020

NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) Security Outreachhttps://www.nerc.com/pa/CI/CIPOutreach/Pages/GridSecCon.aspx

419/3/2020

NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) Security Standardshttps://www.nerc.com/pa/Stand/Pages/CIPStandards.aspx

Tech Day VI 429/3/2020

NIST Cyber Security Framework (CSF) – for CIP https://www.iiconsortium.org/reston-forum-2018/Greer-IIC-Energy-Forum-9FEB2018.pdf

Tech Day VI 439/3/2020

Cybersecurity for Transactive Energy - Research in the IEEE Published Literature (IEEE Xplore)https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp

Tech Day VI 449/3/2020

Cyber-physical Security for Transactive Energy Systems – Featured Articles

44

https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.01520

https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/86851

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8440471

Transactive energy is a framework where price-responsive loads

adjust their energy consumption at a certain time according to the

real-time energy price sent by the utility. Field demonstrations in

recent years have shown that transactive control can effectively

manage grid objectives and also monetarily benefit both the

electric utility and end-users. Therefore, transactive energy is

expected to make inroads into conventional grid operations in the

next few years. This thesis investigates how manipulating data in

the transactive energy platform affects system operations and

financial gains of different stakeholders. Understanding system

behavior under attack conditions will help in formulating effective

detection and mitigation strategies and enhancing system

resilience

https://ieee-denver.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2019/12/NAPS2019_paper_279.pdf

Tech Day VI 459/3/2020

Cyber-Physical Simulation Platform for Security Assessment of Transactive Energy Systems -Yue Zhang, Scott Eisele, Abhishek Dubey, Aron Laszka, Anurag K. Srivastava

45

9/3/2020

Transactive energy systems (TES) are emerging as a transformative solution for the problems that

distribution system operators face due to an increase in the use of distributed energy resources and rapid

growth in scalability of managing active distribution system (ADS). On the one hand, these changes pose

a decentralized power system control problem, requiring strategic control to maintain reliability and

resiliency for the community and for the utility. On the other hand, they require robust financial markets

while allowing participation from diverse prosumers. To support the computing and flexibility requirements

of TES while preserving privacy and security, distributed software platforms are required.

In this paper, we enable the study and analysis of security concerns by developing Transactive Energy

Security Simulation Testbed (TESST), a TES testbed for simulating various cyber attacks. In this work, the

testbed is used for TES simulation with centralized clearing market, highlighting weaknesses in a

centralized system. Additionally, we present a blockchain enabled decentralized market solution supported

by distributed computing for TES, which on one hand can alleviate some of the problems that we identify,

but on the other hand, may introduce newer issues. Future study of these differing paradigms is necessary

and will continue as we develop our security simulation testbed.

Tech Day VI 469/3/2020

PNNL(DOE Energy Research) - https://www.gridwiseac.org/about/transactive_energy.aspx

Tech Day VI 479/3/2020

Pacific Northwest National Lab (DOE Energy Research) - https://tesp.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

Tech Day VI 489/3/2020

PNNL(DOE Energy Research) - https://www.gridwiseac.org/about/transactive_energy.aspx

Tech Day VI 499/3/2020

Pacific Northwest National Lab (DOE Energy Research) - https://tesp.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

Tech Day VI 509/3/2020

Components in a Transactive Energy Environment – “Understanding Impacts of Data Integrity Attacks

on Transactive Control Systems"

Bulk generation

This includes various generators of electricity in bulk quantities.

Typically, they are conventional power plants with quadratic cost

characteristics.

OperationsThey manage the movement of electricity across the network.

MarketsThe market is responsible for a two-way transactive bidding among

various participating entities. A double- auction market is a traditional

market strategy that where both suppliers and end-use loads submit

bids for price and quantity into a single energy market simultaneously

Communication networkData exchange between the end-use prosumer and the central

control agent or the market requires a robust communication system,

which can handle two-way mes- sage traffic. This communication

framework must be reliable as any natural or cyber attack induced

failures can jeopardize the entire operation of the TE framework.

ProsumersProsumers include end users of electricity who are also capable of

generating, storing and managing electricity. Prosumers may have roof

top PVs and other types of Distributed Energy Resources (DERS).

Such prosumers can be residential, commercial, and industrial.

Prosumers can also have controllable devices such as HVAC, smart

heating systems, which are capable of changing their electricity usage

based on suitable control signals.

Service ProvidersThese are the organizations providing services to electri- cal customers

and to utilities.

Distribution NetworkThe distributors of electricity to end customers. It can also power

generated from the prosumers to the grid. Distribution networks can

have storage, DERS, and other local controllers such as volt/var

control.

Transmission NetworkTransmission network comprises of many high voltage transmission

lines.

Tech Day VI 519/3/2020

Models and Attacks in a Transactive Energy Environment – “Understanding Impacts of Data Integrity

Attacks on Transactive Control Systems"

Tech Day VI 529/3/2020

T. Gao, W. Gao, J. J. Zhang and W. D. Gao, "Small-scale Microgrid Energy Market Based on PILT-DAO," 2019 North American

Power Symposium (NAPS), Wichita, KS, USA, 2019, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/NAPS46351.2019.9000399.

Sookhak,. S. Pal, S. Biswas, S. Sridhar, A. Ashok, J. Hansen and V. Amatya, "Understanding Impacts of Data Integrity Attacks on

Transactive Control Systems," 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT),

Washington, DC, USA, 2020, pp. 1-5, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9087734

Y. Zhang, S. Eisele, A. Dubey, A. Laszka, and A. K. Srivastava, “Cyber-physical simulation platform for security assessment of

transactive energy systems,'' 2019, arXiv:1903.01520. [Online]. Available: http://aronlaszka.com/papers/zhang2019cyber.pdf

V. V. G. Krishnan, Y. Zhang, K. Kaur, A. Hahn, A. Srivastava and S. Sindhu, "Cyber-security analysis of transactive energy

systems," 2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D), Denver, CO, 2018, pp. 1-9, doi:

10.1109/TDC.2018.8440471

Eisele, S., Eghtesad, T., Campanelli, K., Agrawal, P., Laszka, A. and Dubey, A., 2019. Safe and Private Forward-Trading Platform

for Transactive Microgrids. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.12579. [Online] Available: https://scope-lab.org/files/Eisele2019a.pdf

B. A. Scriber, "A Framework for Determining Blockchain Applicability," in IEEE Software, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 70-77, July/August 2018,

doi: 10.1109/MS.2018.2801552.

Pacific Northwest National Lab (DOE Energy Research) Transactive Simulation Platform - https://tesp.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials (Smart City)

Tech Day VI 539/3/2020

IEEE Green Technologies Conference 2021- https://ieeegreentech.org/cfp/

Tech Day VI 549/3/2020

Denver COMSOC Chapter – http://comsoc.ieee-denver.org

News

•Security in SDN/NFV and 5G Networks – Opportunities and Challenges

•IEEE Denver Blockchain Initiative

•Blockchain for Telecommunications – COMSOC Webinar Series

•GLOBECOM 2019 – Keynote Presentations and Videos

•GLOBECOM 2019 Organizing Committee Dinner (Waikoloa, HI)

Tech Day VI 55

Thank you for joining us!

http://www.securityfeeds.com

trweil@ieee.org