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135Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 49 (2), 2010, 135-144. Modena, 31 luglio 2010

ISSN 0375-7633

INTRODUCTION

Fossil decapod crustaceans from Sardinia are knownsince the classic palaeontological monograph ofMeneghini (1857), who recorded their presence inMiocene beds cropping out at Capo San Marco, nearOristano (W Sardinia). To this study, even if sporadically,other papers followed by several authors, such as Mariani& Parona (1887), Ristori (1888, 1897), Lovisato (1902)and Comaschi Caria (1949, 1950, 1956), who sometimeswere concerned with this systematic group in the frameof researches having a more general character. Until nowall the records of carcinologic remains in Sardiniaregarded exclusively beds of Miocene age. In fact, alsothe latest note published on this subject and devoted byDe Angeli & Marangon (1992) to the record of thepresence of Necronectes schafferi Glaessner, 1928, inthe Planargia of Tresnuraghes (Oristano) concernsmaterial of Miocene age. Therefore, the finding in theeastern part of the island of some decapod remains withinLate Mesozoic and Early Tertiary clasts of a ruditicformation of middle Lutetian age (Cuccuru ’e FloresConglomerate) is interesting under various points of view.In particular they are represented by a cheliped ofMaastrichtian age which is close to Protocallianassafaujasi (Desmarest, 1822), of common occurrence inthe Maastrichtian type area of Limburg, Belgium and TheNetherlands (see Jagt et al., 2000, with references), andby a carapace from deposits currently assigned to theSelandian (Middle Palaeocene) which is attributable toTitanocarcinus subellipticus (Segerberg, 1900), not

uncommon in the middle Danian of Denmark. Thus forboth taxa the geographic distribution is possibly extendedto the Mediterranean area and, as far as the second taxonis concerned, also its stratigraphic range could becomemarginally increased. However this presence in theTethyan area of taxa until now thought as exclusive forthe Boreal NW Europe is not surprising. With regard tothis respect, in fact, we recall that Surlyk & Dieni (1988)recorded the presence in the lower Maastrichtian ofeastern Sardinia of the micromorphic brachiopod Meoniasemiglobularis (Posselt, 1894), species till then known

Maastrichtian and Selandian decapod crustaceans from Sardinia

Iginio DIENI

I. Dieni, Dipartimento di Geoscienze dell’Università di Padova, Via Giotto 1, I-35137 Padova, Italy; [email protected]

KEY WORDS - Decapoda, Foraminifera, Maastrichtian, Selandian, Eastern Sardinia, Boreal Sea-Tethys link.

ABSTRACT - Two decapod crustaceans, Protocallianassa cf. faujasi (Desmarest, 1822) and Titanocarcinus cf. subellipticus (Segerberg,1900), of Maastrichtian and Selandian age respectively, are described from eastern Sardinia. They were found within clasts of a conglomerate(Cuccuru ’e Flores Conglomerate) of middle Lutetian age. This presence in Sardinia of taxa assimilable to species till now known exclusively,and in large number of individuals, in NW Europe allows to confirm faunistic exchanges between the Boreal Sea and Tethys ocean, at leastintermittently, during Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary.

The most characteristic foraminifers accompanying the Maastrichtian decapod are figured; they supply evidence of a sedimentary faciesno more cropping out in Sardinia.

RIASSUNTO - [Crostacei decapodi maastrichtiani e selandiani in Sardegna] - Vengono descritti due crostacei decapodi, Protocallianassa cf.faujasi (Desmarest, 1822) e Titanocarcinus cf. subellipticus (Segerberg, 1900), rinvenuti in clasti di età rispettivamente maastrichtiana eselandiana entro un conglomerato del Luteziano medio della Sardegna orientale (Conglomerato di Cuccuru ’e Flores). La presenza in Sardegnadi taxa assimilabili a specie ampiamente diffuse e finora considerate esclusive dell’Europa NW conferma che durante il Cretaceo Superiore edil Paleocene avvenivano, almeno saltuariamente, degli scambi faunistici tra il Dominio Boreale e la Tetide.

A documentazione di una facies non più rappresentata in Sardegna da affioramenti radicati, viene inoltre fornita per la prima volta unaricca iconografia delle più caratteristiche specie di foraminiferi presenti nei clasti calcarei con decapodi di età maastrichtiana inclusi nelconglomerato luteziano [Nummofallotia cretacea (Schlumberger), Cibicidoides succedens (Brotzen), Goupillaudina cf. daguini Marie, Orbitoidescf. apiculata Schlumberger, Orbitoides media (d’Archiac), Sirtina ornata (Rahaghi), Lepidorbitoides socialis (Leymerie), Siderolites calcitrapoidesLamarck, etc.].

Fig. 1- Topographic sketch map showing the finding localities ofthe decapod crustaceans. For a geological sketch map of the Sóvanaarea, see Busulini et al. (1984, fig. 2); for the Orosei area, see Dieniet al. (2008, fig. 3).

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136 Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 49 (2), 2010

exclusively, and in very large number of individuals, inmany Danish Maastrichtian localities.

As result we are induced to think that some faunalelements which hitherto were found only in theMaastrichtian and Danian chalks and limestones of NWEurope were not endemic to this area. The finding ofProtocallianassa cf. faujasi (Desmarest, 1822) andTitanocarcinus cf. subellipticus (Segerberg, 1900) inSardinia, which in the Late Cretaceous and Palaeogenetimes occupied a position on the northern margin of theTethys, strengthens the belief that at that time faunisticexchanges between the NW European and the Tethysbasin, at least intermittently, must have taken place.

GEOLOGIC AND STRATIGRAPHIC SETTING

The Jurassic to Lower Eocene sedimentary cover ofeastern Sardinia, for the most part consisting of carbonaterocks, is in places unconformably overlain by polymicticconglomerates and breccias mainly laid down by sedimentgravity flows and forming aprons of laterallyinterfingering debris cones at the toe of active tectonicscarps. The clastic formation, known as Cuccuru ’e FloresConglomerate in the regional geological literature andcropping out in the Mt. Albo massif, Orosei, and “OlienaSupramonte” areas, is mostly developed as thin wedgeslining some important transpressive faults with greatvertical offsets and locally unconformably overlyingfolded and eroded substratum. The lithostratigraphic unitis undoubtedly the sedimentary expression of severetectonic movements and is itself involved in laterdeformations (Dieni & Massari, 1966; Dieni et al., 2008,and references therein). The syntectonic ruditic depositsmostly contain clasts of the local stratigraphic succession,from the Palaeozoic crystalline basement to MiddleCuisian nummulitic limestones. In addition they includeelements of facies unknown in outcrop, such as Campanianand Maastrichtian rudist limestones (Busulini et al.,1984), Danian, Selandian, Thanetian and Ilerdianlimestones (Dieni et al., 1979; Dieni et al., 1985; Dieniet al., 2008). The matrix of conglomerates containsreworked larger foraminifers (Nummulites, Assilina,Discocyclina, etc.) of Cuisian age (Dieni et al., 1966)which fix a lower age boundary for the clastic formation.However only recently the study of the palynologicalcontent of mudstone interbeds of the polymictic ruditesallowed the chronostratigraphic assignment of theCuccuru ’e Flores Conglomerate to the middle Lutetian(Dieni et al., 2008).

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS

The higher classification here adopted is that proposedby Glaessner (1969), integrated and adjusted by laterauthors [see, f.i., Karasawa & Schweitzer (2006) andSchweitzer et al. (2009), and references therein].

The studied material is housed in the Museum ofGeology and Palaeontology, University of Padova, undercatalogue numbers MGPD 30808 and MGPD 30809.

Class CRUSTACEA Pennant, 1777Order DECAPODA Latreille, 1803

Infraorder THALASSINIDEA Latreille, 1831Superfamily CALLIANASSOIDEA Dana, 1852

Family CALLIANASSIDAE Dana, 1852

Genus Protocallianassa Beurlen, 1930

Type species - Callianassa archiaci A. Milne-Edwards, 1860, by original designation of Beurlen, 1930.

Protocallianassa cf. faujasi (Desmarest, 1822)(Fig. 2)

Material - One fragmentary left cheliped weaklyand irregularly phosphatised in its external part; MGPD30808.

Finding locality - Sóvana, in the territory of Oliena(Nuoro) (Fig. 1).

Remarks - As far as preservation allows comparison,the segment proportions agree, by and large, with thoseof P. faujasi [see, f. i., Desmarest, 1822, p. 127, pl. 11,fig. 2 (as Pagurus Faujasi) and Fraaye, 1998, pl. 16, fig.7]. The propodus, however, disagrees in the presence oftwo diverging rows of setae pits along the upper part ofthe inner surface (Fig. 2). There is also some agreementwith the left chela of Protocallianassa archiaci (A.Milne-Edwards, 1860) (see Glaessner, 1969, p. 478, fig.284, 3), from the Turonian-Senonian of France and TheNetherlands, etc., except, here, the lower margin of thepropodus is rather more rounded.

Age and assemblage -The limestone in which thecheliped was found contains gastropod and bivalvefragments, Spirorbis sp. (cemented to other parts of thedecapod accompanying the cheliped), bryozoans, fish

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1

Foraminifera from Maastrichtian clasts of the Lutetian Cuccuru ’e Flores Conglomerate at Sóvana, in the territory of Oliena.

Figs. 1-7 - Nummofallotia cretacea (Schlumberger, 1900). Axial, subaxial and oblique sections. 82 x.

Figs. 8-11 - Goupillaudina sp. (sp. nov.?). Subaxial sections and transverse section parallel to the axis. 63 x.

Fig. 12 - Goupillaudina cf. daguini Marie, 1958. Subaxial section. 63 x.

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137I. Dieni - Maastrichtian and Selandian decapods from Sardinia Pl. 1

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teeth and vertebrae, crustose and articulate corallinealgae, etc. Among the foraminifers, the presence ofNummofallotia cretacea (Schlumberger), Cibicidoidessuccedens (Brotzen), Goupillaudina cf. daguini Marie,G. sp. (nov. ?), Orbitoides media (d’ Archiac), O. cf.apiculata (Schlumberger), Clypeorbis mamillata(Schlumberger), Sirtina ornata (Rahaghi),Lepidorbitoides socialis (Leymerie), Lafitteinamengaudi (Astre), Siderolites calcitrapoides Lamarck,etc. (see Fig. 4 and Pls. 1-4) indicates the lowerMaastrichtian. This chronostratigraphic assignment issupported also by the absence, among the largerforaminifers, of Omphalocyclus macroporus (Lamarck),generally associated to Siderolites calcitrapoides in theupper Maastrichtian.

Among the foraminifers of the Maastrichtian clastsof the Cuccuru ’e Flores Conglomerate listed above,Orbitoides apiculata and Siderolites calcitrapoideswere already mentioned, but not figured, by Chabrier in ashort note devoted to the stratigraphy and structure ofthe Oliena mountains (1969, p. 219), whereas Clypeorbismamillata and Lepidorbitoides socialis were recorded,without figures, by Busulini et al. (1984, p. 251) in theirsynthetic review of the Upper Cretaceous of easternSardinia. Therefore, the remaining taxa of the list arerecorded here for the first time in Sardinia.

Infraorder BRACHYURA Latreille, 1803Superfamily XANTHOIDEA MacLeay, 1838

Family PILUMNIDAE Samouelle, 1819

Genus Titanocarcinus A. Milne-Edwards, 1864

Type species - Titanocarcinus serratifrons A. Milne-Edwards, 1864, by subsequent designation of Glaessner(1929, p. 384).

Titanocarcinus cf. subellipticus (Segerberg, 1900)(Fig. 3)

cf. 1900 Panopeus subellipticus n. sp. - SEGERBERG, p. 379, pl. 9,figs. 14 a, b.

Material - One carapace from Badde Funtana Morta,near Orosei (Fig. 1); MGPD 30809.

Remarks - In a comparative discussion of generaXanthilites and Titanocarcinus, Förster (1970, p. 248)listed 19 species (including five tentatively referred) ofthe latter taxon [his catalogue may be integrated withTitanocarcinus? sp. found by Di Salvo (1932) in theMiddle Eocene of the environs of Palermo, Sicily]. To

Fig. 2 - Protocallianassa cf. faujasi (Desmarest, 1822). Left cheliped; stereoscopic view; natural size. A= internal surface of the outer side; B=internal surface of the inner side. Maastrichtian limestone as clast of the middle Lutetian Cuccuru ’e Flores Conglomerate at Sóvana (Oliena).



Figs. 1-5 - Sirtina ornata (Rahaghi, 1976). Axial and subaxial sections. 63 x.

Fig. 6 - Sirtina cf. ornata (Rahaghi, 1976). Oblique section. 63 x.

Figs. 7-11 - Siderolites calcitrapoides Lamarck, 1801. Transverse sections. In figs. 7 and 10 sections of Nummofallotia cretacea (N)and Goupillaudina sp. (G) respectively are visible. 38 x.

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139Pl. 2I. Dieni - Maastrichtian and Selandian decapods from Sardinia

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these Busulini et al. (1984) added Titanocarcinusaculeatus Busulini, Tessier & Visentin, 1984, an ItalianLutetian species, and Collins & Jakobsen (1994) andJakobsen & Collins (1997) assigned respectivelyPanopeus subellipticus Segerberg, 1900, and Panopeusfaxeensis von Fischer-Benzon, 1866, to the genusTitanocarcinus. Subsequently, two other species havebeen erected by Fraaye (1994: Titanocarcinus?polonicus, of Danian age) and Blow & Manning (1996:Titanocarcinus purdyi, of Middle Eocene age). TheMaastrichtian species Dromiopsis briarti Forir, 1887,formerly included in the genus Titanocarcinus by Förster(1970, p. 248), was later transferred by Collins et al.(1995, p. 203) to their new genus Leptoides, of which isthe type species (see also Fraaye, 1998, fig. 16).

As far as preservation allows comparison, thespecimen from Orosei is remarkably close to T.subellipticus (Segerberg, 1900) (see Collins & Jakobsen,1994, pl. 10, fig. 15, and Jakobsen & Collins, 1997, pl.3, fig.1), differing in little more than its size, being somethree times larger than everagely encountered carapacesfrom Fakse, Denmark (type locality, middle Danian).

The earliest known member of the genus,Titanocarcinus reisi Böhm, 1891, extends from the upperlower Maastrichtian of Bavaria to the Thanetian ofHaunsberg, near Salzburg (Austria) (Förster, 1970). Itdiffers from T. cf. subellipticus in having a comparativelywider frontal margin, more nodose regions and a roundedmesogastric lobe distinctly separated from a transverselyrectangular urogastric lobe.

A longer intestinal region readily distinguishes theSardinian specimen from Titanocarcinus euglyphosBittner, 1875, as figured by Busulini et al. (1983, p. 66,pl. 3, fig. 1) from the Lutetian of Main Quarry nearArzignano (Vicenza, northern Italy), and the acicularantero-lateral spines, subpentagonal mesogastric lobe anddense surface ornament of Titanocarcinus aciculatusBusulini, Tessier & Visentin, 1984 (see also Beschin,1997, p. 122, figs. 111 and 112) - of similar age andlocality of T. euglyphos - serve to distinguish that species.

Age and assemblage - The clast of whitish limestonein which the carapace was found contains very abundantdasycladalean algae (studied by Dieni at al., 1985) and arich foraminiferal fauna including “Plumokathina dieniiHottinger in Peybernès et al., 2000”, Miscellanitesglobularis (Rahaghi), Pseudocuvillierina sireli (Inan),Stomatorbina sp. [=Mississippina binkhorsti (Reuss)auctt.], “Planorbulina” cretae (Marsson), etc., whichindicate a Selandian age (SBZ 2 according to the TethyanPalaeocene-Eocene larger foraminifera biostratigraphicscheme of Serra-Kiel et al., 1998).

CONCLUSIONS

Within calcareous clasts of the Lutetian Cuccuru ’eFlores Conglomerate of eastern Sardinia, the decapodcrustaceans Protocallianassa cf. faujasi (Desmarest) and

Fig. 3 - Titanocarcinus cf. subellipticus (Segerberg, 1900). Carapace, stereoscopic view; natural size. Selandian limestone as clast of themiddle Lutetian Cuccuru ’e Flores Conglomerate at Badde Funtana Morta, near Orosei.



Fig. 1 - Siderolites calcitrapoides Lamarck, 1801 f. denticulatus Douvillé, 1907; sub- horizontal tangential section, associated withcoralline algae (C). 38 x.

Fig. 2 - Siderolites calcitrapoides Lamarck, 1801 (S), Lepidorbitoides socialis (Leymerie, 1851) (L), rotaliids (R) and corallinealgae (C). 32 x.

Fig. 3 - Orbitoides cf. apiculata Schlumberger, 1901, associated with Nummofallotia cretacea (N), Lepidorbitoides socialis (L)and Goupillaudina sp. (G). 24 x.

Figs. 4-7 - Orbitoides media (d’Archiac, 1837). Oblique and subaxial sections. In fig. 4 rotaliids and coralline algae are visible; in fig.6 a fish remain (F) is recognizable. Figs. 4-6 = 20 x; fig. 7= 17 x.

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Titanocarcinus cf. subellipticus (Segerberg), of earlyMaastrichtian and Selandian age respectively, were found.

This presence in Sardinia of taxa assimilable to speciestill now known exclusively, and in large number ofspecimens, in NW Europe allows to confirm faunisticexchanges between the Boreal Sea and Tethys ocean, atleast intermittently, during Late Cretaceous and EarlyTertiary.

The age of the decapods was obtained through the studyof the rich foraminiferal assemblages accompanyingthem. Particular emphasis is given to the Maastrichtianmicrofauna (of which for the first time an abundanticonography is furnished) as it supplies evidence of asedimentary facies no more cropping out in Sardinia.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Very fruitful, stimulating and fundamental suggestions of Joe S.H. Collins (London) were greatly appreciated. The technicalassistance of C. Brogiato, S. Castelli, L. Franceschin and N. Michelon(Padova) is acknowledged.

REFERENCES

Beschin C. (1997). Artropodi fossili. I crostacei. In Preto D. &Tescari G. (eds.), Solo a Vicenza. Gli endemismi della provincia.I fossili, le piante, gli animali presenti solo nel territorio vicentino.Blended ed., Vicenza: 119-123.

Beurlen K. (1930). Vergleichende Stammesgeschichte. Grundlagen,Methoden, Probleme unter besonderer Berücksichtigung derhöheren Krebse. Fortschritte der Geologie und Palaeontologie,8: 317-586.

Bittner A. (1875). Die Brachyuren des Vicentinischen Tertiärgebirges.Denkschriften der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen derkaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, 34: 63-106.

Blow W.C. & Manning R.B. (1996). Preliminary descriptions of 25new decapod crustaceans from the Middle Eocene of theCarolinas, U.S.A. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology,29: 1-26.

Böhm J. (1891). Die Kreidebildungen des Fürbergs und Sulzbergsbei Siegsdorf in Oberbayern. Palaeontographica, 38: 1-106.

Busulini A., Dieni I., Massari F., Pejovic D. & Wiedmann J. (1984).Nouvelles données sur le Crétacé supérieur de la Sardaigneorientale. Cretaceous Research, 5: 243-258.

Busulini A., Tessier G. & Visentin M. (1984). Titanocarcinus aculeatusnuova specie di brachiuro nell’Eocene del Veneto (Crustacea,Decapoda). Società veneziana di Scienze naturali, Lavori, 9:107-117.

Fig. 4 - Cibicidoides succedens (Brotzen, 1948). A-G: variously oriented sections; 100 x. Lower Maastrichtian limestone as clast of the middleLutetian Cuccuru ’e Flores Conglomerate at Sóvana (Oliena).



Fig. 1 - Lepidorbitoides socialis (Leymerie, 1851) (L) and Siderolites calcitrapoides Lamarck, 1801 (S; s=sections of spines)associated with coralline algae (C). 20 x.

Fig. 2 - Lepidorbitoides socialis (Leymerie, 1851) (L) and Siderolites calcitrapoides Lamarck, 1801 (S), Nummofallotia cretacea(Schlumberger, 1900) (N), and coralline algae (C). 20 x.

Figs. 3-12 - Lepidorbitoides socialis (Leymerie, 1851). Variously oriented sections. In figs. 11 and 12 sub-longitudinal and transversesections of Siderolites spines (s) respectively are visible. 20 x.

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Manuscript received 12 June 2009Revised manuscript accepted 12 April 2010

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