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% 16-QAM modulation%function Y = mod16qam(X,Fd,Fs,Eb);M = 16;alf!d = sq"t(sq"t(#$&Eb));Y = alf!d&dmodc'(X,Fd,Fs,qas,M); % QAM modulation

% d'mod16qam %function *Y,Eb+ = d'mod16qam(,Fd,Fs);M = 16;n = si'(,.);Es = sum(abs()$/.)0n;Eb = Es0;alf!d = sq"t(#$&Eb);% scatt'"lot(2nois2,3,#,b$); % scatt'" lot of si4nal5nois'

Y = dd'modc'(0alf!d,Fd,Fs,qas,M);

%78A9: %cl'a";clos' all;9i4nalEn'"42Min = .;9i4nalEn'"42Ma = 1'"En'"42 = .#;9amlin4at' = 1;?@>oB'" = 1;a2l'i4>a"am = 1;:"ansmitt'"s = ;'c'iC'"s = ;En'"4i'sd7 = 9i4nalEn'"42MinD9i4nalEn'"42!dD9i4nalEn'"42Ma;En'"4i's = 1#$/(En'"4i'sd7$01#);fo" '' = 1Dsi'(En'"4i's,.)Eb = En'"4i's('')0:"ansmitt'"s;fo" bb=1D7locs>'"En'"42dis(*Eb = ,int.st"(En'"4i's('')),; 7loc ,int.st"(bb)+);a2l'i4Mat = a2l'i4>a"am/.&"andn ('c'iC'"s,:"ansmitt'"s) 5&a2l'i4>a"am/.&"andn

('c'iC'"s,:"ansmitt'"s);

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%a2l'i4Mat = a2l'i4Mat&$1;A = "andint(:"ansmitt'"s,7loc9i',16); % @'n'"at' ata 9t"'am A("oBs mitt'"s, cols = s2mbols)7 = mod16qam (A,1,9amlin4at',Eb); % 16-QAM Modulationnois' = (?@>oB'")$&"andn(si'(a2l'i4Mat&7)) 5&(?@>oB'")$&"andn(si'(a2l'i4Mat&7));

G = a2l'i4Mat&7 5 nois'; = *+;H = a2l'i4Mat;"=G;fo" tt=1D:"ansmitt'"s% find b'st si4nal@ = inC(H);no"m@ = sum(abs(@)$/.,.);

no"m@() = inf;(tt) = find(no"m@ == min(no"m@));B = @((tt),D) ;2 = B&";*E((tt),D),Eb!"'c((tt))+ = d'mod16qam (2,1,9amlin4at'); % 'modula% nullin4 sta"ts '"'" = " - H(D,(tt))&(mod16qam (E((tt),D),1,9amlin4at',Eb!"'c((tt))));H(D,(tt)) = '"os(si'(H(D,(tt))));

'nd9E(D,bb) = 1-sum(A==E,.)0si'(A,.); % M'asu"' 7E '" :- ai"$'ndG!E9E('')=m'an(m'an(9E,.),1);'ndfi4u"';s'milo42(En'"4i'sd7,G!E9E,b5);titl' (*Ifontsi'J1.KIbf78A9:D I"mM=,int.st"(:"ansmitt'"s),,=,int.st"('c'iC'"s),, 16-QAM+);lab'l (Eb0!#); 2lab'l (9E);

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