cww-introduction-2006.pdf
Transcript of cww-introduction-2006.pdf
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CAPWAP
CAPWAP
IntroductionIntroduction
0.0 1000.0 2000.0 3000.0 4000.00.00
Load(kN) PileTopBottom
20062006--20112011 -- GRL Engineers, Inc.GRL Engineers, Inc. -- Pile Dynamics, Inc.Pile Dynamics, Inc.
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
Ru = 3425.2 kNRs = 1458.6 kN
Rb = 1966.6 kNDy = 18.8 mm
Dx= 18.8 mm
CAPWAPCAse Pile Wave Analysis Programsince 1969
Automatic (Univac) until 1974
Interactive (Varian, Minc, Early PCs)
Automatic and interactive since 1988
CAPWAP is aSignal Matching Program
(System Identification Analysis or Reverse Analysis)
CAPWAP is aSignal Matching Program
(System Identification Analysis or Reverse Analysis)
We know the Load (i.e. the measured force)
We know the Movement under the Load (i.e. the
displacement from the measured acceleration)
But we do not know the System
We know the Load (i.e. the measured force)
We know the Movement under the Load (i.e. the
displacement from the measured acceleration)
But we do not know the System
ys emys em ovemenovemenoaoa
The System Consists of
Pile and Soil
The System Consists of
Pile and Soil
Normally all pile parameters are known! Therefore
only soil parameters must be calculated.
Normally all pile parameters are known! Therefore
only soil parameters must be calculated.
CAPWAP has to determine soil parameters. Input
into CAPWAP program are:
Pile top force and velocity
Pile properties
CAPWAP has to determine soil parameters. Input
into CAPWAP program are:
Pile top force and velocity
Pile properties
Why all that calculation?Why all that calculation?
Why not plot
Measured Force vs Measured Displacement?
Why not plot
Measured Force vs Measured Displacement?
. Because Measured Force Includes:
Impact and wave effects
Static resistance effects
Dynamic resistance effects
. Because Measured Force Includes:
Impact and wave effects
Static resistance effects
Dynamic resistance effects
1500
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
0 5 10 15 20 25
Pile top displacement in mm
Piletop
forcein
kN
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The CAPWAP ProcedureThe CAPWAP Procedure
CAPWAP solves the rocess in anCAPWAP solves the rocess in an
iterative procedure
iterative procedure
CAPWAP METHODCAPWAP METHODCAPWAP METHODCAPWAP METHOD
1 Set up pile model and1 Set up pile model and
assume Rassume Rshaftshaft and Rand Rtoetoe
2 A l one measured curve2 A l one measured curve vvmm
vvmm FFccFFmm
RRshaftshaft
RRtoetoe5 Go to Step 25 Go to Step 2
4 Adjust R4 Adjust Rshaftshaft and Rand Rtoetoe
3 Compare3 Compare FFcc with measuredwith measured FFmm
Calculate complementaryCalculate complementary FFcc
Repeat until matchRepeat until match
is satisfactoryis satisfactory
Final match (good)
First try (poor)
ustments
CAPWAP is an iterative process
The Pile ModelThe Pile ModelThe Pile ModelThe Pile Model
ZZii--11LLiiLLii
The Pile is divided in NThe Pile is divided in Nppuniform pile segmentsuniform pile segmentsof approx. 1 m length.of approx. 1 m length.
The Pile is divided in NThe Pile is divided in Nppuniform pile segmentsuniform pile segmentsof approx. 1 m length.of approx. 1 m length.
ZZi+1i+1
ZZii
t =t =
LLii/c/cii
The Wave travel time,The Wave travel time,
t, ist, is the same in allthe same in allsegments (.2 to .25 ms)segments (.2 to .25 ms)
The Wave travel time,The Wave travel time,
t, ist, is the same in allthe same in allsegments (.2 to .25 ms)segments (.2 to .25 ms)
ac segmen asac segmen as
impedance Zimpedance Zii = E= EiiAAii/c/ciiand wave speed cand wave speed cii
ac segmen asac segmen as
impedance Zimpedance Zii = E= EiiAAii/c/ciiand wave speed cand wave speed cii
The Combined Pile and Soil ModelThe Combined Pile and Soil ModelThe Combined Pile and Soil ModelThe Combined Pile and Soil Model
Soil segment lengthSoil segment lengthSoil segment lengthSoil segment length
Mass density,Mass density,
Modulus, EModulus, E
Mass density,Mass density,
Modulus, EModulus, E
Spring (static resistance)Spring (static resistance)Spring (static resistance)Spring (static resistance)
WavespeedWavespeed
c =c =
(E/(E/
))
WavespeedWavespeed
c =c =
(E/(E/
))
t
t
t
Pile segment lengthPile segment lengthPile segment lengthPile segment length
as po ynam c res s anceas po ynam c res s anceas po ynam c res s anceas po ynam c res s ance
Travel timeTravel time
t =t = L/cL/c
Travel timeTravel time
t =t = L/cL/c
t
t
t
XX--secn area, Asecn area, AXX--secn area, Asecn area, A
PilePile
Impedance,Impedance,
Z = EA/cZ = EA/c
PilePile
Impedance,Impedance,
Z = EA/cZ = EA/c
RRuiui, q, qii JJ ii
RRNsNs
RRNsNs--11
TheThe
CAPWAPCAPWAP
SoilSoil
ResistanceResistance
ModelModel
TheThe
CAPWAPCAPWAP
SoilSoil
ResistanceResistance
ModelModel
RRtt, q, q ttJJTT
mmPLPL
Shaft Resistance,Shaft Resistance,
Ns timesNs timesttGG
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RRu,su,s
RRssquake, qquake, qss
Static Shaft Resistance ModelStatic Shaft Resistance Model
uuss
RRu,nu,n
UN =UN = --RRu,nu,n/R/Ru,su,s
Unloading quake,Unloading quake,
qqss ccss
ss
RRss
RRu,tu,t
RRtt
Static Toe Resistance ModelStatic Toe Resistance Model
uuttquake, qquake, qtt
unloadingunloading
quake, qquake, qtt cctt
Toe gap: tToe gap: tgg
Damping Resistance: RDamping Resistance: Rdd = J= Jvv vv
RRdd = J= JCaseCase Z vZ v = J= JSmithSmith RRuu vv
PilePile
SegmentSegment
Velocity,Velocity,
vv
Damping ConstantDamping Constant
Conversions:Conversions:
JJSmithSmith = J= Jvv /R/RuuJJCaseCase = J= Jvv /Z/Z
JJSmithSmith = J= JCaseCase Z / RZ / Ruu
Damping ConstantDamping Constant
Conversions:Conversions:
JJSmithSmith = J= Jvv /R/RuuJJCaseCase = J= Jvv /Z/Z
JJSmithSmith = J= JCaseCase Z / RZ / Ruu
NormalNormal--Viscous (Option=0)Viscous (Option=0)
RRdd = J= JCC Z v =Z v = RRUU JJSS vv
NormalNormal--Viscous(Option=0)Viscous (Option=0)
RRdd = J= JCC Z v =Z v = RRUU JJSS vv
velocityvelocity
vv
PilePile
JJss = J= Jcc Z/RZ/RUUJJss = J= Jcc Z/RZ/RUU
CAPWAP Damping ModelCAPWAP Damping ModelCAPWAP Damping ModelCAPWAP Damping Model
SmithSmith--Combined (Option=2)Combined (Option=2)
RRdd = R= RSS JJSS vv
True Smith unti l RTrue Smith unti l RSS = R= RUUthen true viscousthen true viscous
SmithSmith--Combined (Option=2)Combined (Option=2)
RRdd = R= RSS JJSS vv
True Smith unti l RTrue Smith unti l RSS = R= RUUthen true viscousthen true viscous
Smith (Option=1)Smith (Option=1)
RRdd = R= RSS JJSS vv
Smith (Option=1)Smith (Option=1)
RRdd = R= RSS JJSS vv
RRuiui, q, qii JJii
mmss
RRNsNs--11
TheThe
CAPWAPCAPWAP
SoilSoil
ResistanceResistance
ModelModel
TheThe
CAPWAPCAPWAP
SoilSoil
ResistanceResistance
ModelModel RRNsNs
mmtt
RRtt, q, qttJJTT
SKSK
JJBTBT
mmPLPL
ttGG
Not usedNot used
Shaft Resistance,Shaft Resistance,
Ns timesNs times
Mass related to circumferenceMass related to circumference
Damper related to soil strengthDamper related to soil strength
Radiation Damping Model Radiation Damping Model
Standard CAPWAP UnknownsStandard CAPWAP Unknowns
Main Parameters
Rui: NS values at shaft +1 value at toe
Ji: 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe
qi: Loading - 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe
Main Parameters
Rui: NS values at shaft +1 value at toe
Ji: 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe
qi: Loading - 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe
Major Trimming Parameters
Unloading quake - 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe
+ 1 shaft unloading level
Major Trimming Parameters
Unloading quake - 1 value at shaft +1 value at toe
+ 1 shaft unloading level
Total NS + 8 unknownsTotal NS + 8 unknowns
For 20 m pile penetration: 18 unknownsFor 20 m pile penetration: 18 unknowns
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CAPWAP Match QualityCAPWAP Match Quality
Match Quality isMatch Quality is
The sum of absolute values of differences between computedThe sum of absolute values of differences between computed
and measured values divided by maximum forceand measured values divided by maximum forcePlus blow count penalty (> 0)Plus blow count penalty (> 0)
MQ =MQ = PeriodPeriodtimetime[F[FMM --FFCC]/F]/FXX ++
Computed Final SetComputed Final Set Measured Final SetMeasured Final Set 1 mm1 mm
Toe res. begins, total capacity developsToe res. begins, total capacity develops
CAPWAP Record DivisionsCAPWAP Record DivisionsCAPWAP Record DivisionsCAPWAP Record Divisions
Shaft resistance begins to developShaft resistance begins to develop
FxFx
Unloading period beginsUnloading period begins
trtr
CAPWAP Match QualityCAPWAP Match Quality
2L/c2L/c
Period IPeriod I
tr+3tr+3
msms
IIII IIIIII
tr+5mstr+5ms
25ms25ms
IVIV
trtr
Match QuantityMatch QuantityMatch QuantityMatch Quantity
Traditionally we have used measured velocity,
vm, as an input and calculated force, Fc, and
compared with measured force, Fm.
s o en e er o use wave own, d,m, as an
input, calculate wave up, FU,C and compare it
with Fu,m. WHY?
Remember FU,m = (Fm - Zvm)
and Fd,m = (Fm + Zvm)
Remember FU,m = (Fm - Zvm)
and Fd,m = (Fm + Zvm)
150
-2000.00
0.00
2000.00
4000.00
ms
kipsForceMsd
ForceCptFORCE MATCHINGFORCE MATCHING
WAVE MATCHINGWAVE MATCHING
150
-500.00
0.00
500.00
1000.00
ms
kips
5 L/c
WupMsd
WupCpt
Recommended CAPWAP ProcedureRecommended CAPWAP Procedure
1. Data input: select the proper record
1. Data adjustment (normally automatic)
2. Build pile model (normally automatic)
1. Improve resistance distribution
1. Check quake (particularly toe effect)
1. Data input: select the proper record
1. Data adjustment (normally automatic)
2. Build pile model (normally automatic)
1. Improve resistance distribution
1. Check quake (particularly toe effect)
. ec amp ng e ec s
3. Check unloading effects
2. Repeat
3. Repeat and find absolutely best match quality
2. Produce output
. ec amp ng e ec s
3. Check unloading effects
2. Repeat
3. Repeat and find absolutely best match quality
2. Produce output
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Record Selection - QualityRecord Selection - Quality
Use record of good quality Good proportionality
No electronic or mechanical noise
Force returns to zero
Short rise time
Record SelectionRecord SelectionWe cannot completely control the test!We cannot completely control the test!
1.1. For high resistance (set < 3 mm/blow; > 8 BPI)
find high energy/high force record
1.1. For high resistance (set < 3 mm/blow; > 8 BPI)
find high energy/high force record
. or ow res s ance se > mm ow; < ,
find blow with low energy/low force
or reduce energy input to pile
. or ow res s ance se > mm ow; < ,
find blow with low energy/low force
or reduce energy input to pile
Unit friction < 4Unit friction < 4 ksfksf(200(200 kPakPa )) for most soilsfor most soils
QT (+TG)QT (+TG) 1.0 if gap is usedCT can be > 1.0 if gap is used
Match set / blowMatch set / blow (has penalty if set difference > 1 mm)(has penalty if set difference > 1 mm)
use SK for low set / blow, drilled oruse SK for low set / blow, drilled or augeredaugered pilespiles
do NOT use SK in high set / blow ( > 8 mm / blow; < 3 BPI )do NOT use SK in high set / blow ( > 8 mm / blow; < 3 BPI )
Build Pile ModelBui ld Pile ModelBui ld Pile ModelBui ld Pile Model
1.1. Use 1 m pile segments in most cases
2. For records with very high frequency content,
use shorter pile segments - no point using less
than .25 m se ment len th )t = .05 to .06 ms
1.1. Use 1 m pile segments in most cases
2. For records with very high frequency content,
use shorter pile segments - no point using less
than .25 m se ment len th )t = .05 to .06 ms
3. Use 2 m soil segments in most cases
4. Use 1m soil segments where shallow
penetrations would yield less than 4 soil
segments (CAPWAP default)
3. Use 2 m soil segments in most cases
4. Use 1m soil segments where shallow
penetrations would yield less than 4 soil
segments (CAPWAP default)
CAPWAPCAPWAP
Lets have a look at the interactive demo
that is part of the CAPWAP package.
CAPWAP Interactive Demo
Record Adjustment: Use PDARecord Adjustment: Use PDA--W/CWW/CW
Proportionality and IntegrationProportionality and Integration
Record Adjustment: Use PDARecord Adjustment: Use PDA--W/CWW/CW
Proportionality and IntegrationProportionality and Integration
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First Trial Analysis: RFirst Trial Analysis: Ruu = RX5;= RX5;
J=0.16/0.5 s/m; qJ=0.16/0.5 s/m; qss=2.5 mm; q=2.5 mm; qtt=D/120; R=D/120; Rii automaticautomatic
Force MatchingForce Matching
First Trial Analysis: RFirst Trial Analysis: Ruu = RX5;= RX5;
J=0.16/0.5 s/m; qJ=0.16/0.5 s/m; qss=2.5 mm; q=2.5 mm; qtt=D/120; R=D/120; Rii automaticautomatic
Force MatchingForce Matching
Wave matchingWave matching -- preferredpreferredWave matchingWave matching -- preferredpreferred
Determine resistance distribution from differenceDetermine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wavebetween calculated and measured wave--upup
Determine resistance distribution from differenceDetermine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wavebetween calculated and measured wave--upup
2. Determine resistance distribution from difference2. Determine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wavebetween calculated and measured wave--upup
2. Determine resistance distribution from difference2. Determine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wavebetween calculated and measured wave--upup
ChangedChanged
1: 59 to 101: 59 to 10
2: 110 to 102: 110 to 10
Determine resistance distribution from differenceDetermine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wavebetween calculated and measured wave--upup
Determine resistance distribution from differenceDetermine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wavebetween calculated and measured wave--upup
ChangedChanged
3: 163 to 1003: 163 to 100
4: 218 to 1004: 218 to 100
5: 273 to 1005: 273 to 100
Determine resistance distribution from differenceDetermine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wavebetween calculated and measured wave--upup
Determine resistance distribution from differenceDetermine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wavebetween calculated and measured wave--upup
Used AFUsed AF
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Determine resistance distribution from differenceDetermine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wavebetween calculated and measured wave--upup
Determine resistance distribution from differenceDetermine resistance distribution from difference
between calculated and measured wavebetween calculated and measured wave--upup
Used FurtherUsed Further
ManualManual
ImprovementsImprovements
Adjust CAPWAP variablesAdjust CAPWAP variablesAdjust CAPWAP variablesAdjust CAPWAP variables
Used AQUsed AQ
adjustingadjusting
damping,damping,
quakes, toe andquakes, toe and
unloadingunloading
parametersparameters
Iterate for total capacity, CAPWAP Variables,Iterate for total capacity, CAPWAP Variables,
damping mode, toe resistance magnitudedamping mode, toe resistance magnitude
Iterate for total capacity, CAPWAP Variables,Iterate for total capacity, CAPWAP Variables,
damping mode, toe resistance magnitudedamping mode, toe resistance magnitude
Check totalCheck total
capacity (ARD),capacity (ARD),
Recheck AQRecheck AQ
Check toe SmithCheck toe Smith
damping anddamping andresistanceresistance
Toe quakeToe quake
sensitivitysensitivity
Toe quakeToe quake
sensitivitysensitivity
QQtt: 0.2: 0.2 0.710.71
(inch)(inch)
QQtt: 0.2: 0.2 0.710.71
(inch)(inch)
Shaft damping sensitivityShaft damping sensitivityShaft damping sensitivityShaft damping sensitivity
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Js: 0.336Js: 0.336 0.200 (s/ft)0.200 (s/ft)Js: 0.336Js: 0.336 0.200 (s/ft)0.200 (s/ft) Toe damping sensitivityToe damping sensitivityToe damping sensitivityToe damping sensitivity
JJtt: 0.027: 0.027 0.15 (s/ft)0.15 (s/ft)JJtt: 0.027: 0.027 0.15 (s/ft)0.15 (s/ft) Check damping parameters
1. Higher than recommended at shaft and toe?Low resistance soil? May be OK
High resistance soil? Consider higher resistance or radiation
damping (Use RD)
No experience in these soils? Maybe OK?
.Switch static resistance or damping from shaft to toe or vice
versa
3. Lower than .1 s/m at shaft or toe?Reduce capacity (RD)
Switch static resistance or damping from shaft to toe or vice
versa
OutputOutputOutputOutputOutput Tables:Output Tables:
Calculated SoilCalculated Soil
ModelModel
Output Tables:Output Tables:
Calculated SoilCalculated Soil
ModelModel
CAPWAP FINAL RESULTS
Total CAPWAP Capacity: 804.4; along Shaft 96.4; at Toe 708.0 kips
Soil Dist. Depth Ru Force Sum Unit Unit Smith Quake
Sgmnt Below Below in Pile of Resist. Resist. DampingNo. Gages Grade Ru (Depth) (Area) Factor
ft ft kips kips kips k ips/ft ksf s/ft in
804.4
1 79.4 5.8 16.9 787.5 16.9 2.55 0.27 0.243 0.100
2 86.0 12.4 9.5 778.0 26.4 1.44 0.15 0.243 0.1003 92.6 19.0 1.9 776.1 28.3 0.29 0.03 0.243 0.100
4 99.2 25.7 0.0 776.1 28.3 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.100
5 105.8 32.3 0.0 776.1 28.3 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.1006 112.5 38.9 0.0 776.1 28.3 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.100
7 119.1 45.5 6.5 769.6 34.8 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
8 125.7 52.1 11.3 758.3 46.1 1.71 0.18 0.243 0.1009 132.3 58.7 11.3 747.0 57.4 1.71 0.18 0.243 0.100
10 138.9 65.3 6.5 740.5 63.9 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
11 145.5 72.0 6.5 734.0 70.4 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
12 152.2 78.6 6.5 727.5 76.9 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.10013 158 8 85 2 6 5 721 0 83 4 0 98 0 10 0 243 0 100 ii,, ii,, ii ,, ii ii,,
JJii,, qqii
++
Soil Model ExtensionsSoil Model Extensions
ii,, ii,, ii ,, ii ii,,
JJii,, qqii
++
Soil Model ExtensionsSoil Model Extensions
1 1 . . . 1 . . . .1 . .1
14 165.4 91.8 6.5 714.5 89.9 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
15 172.0 98.4 6.5 708.0 96.4 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
Avg. Skin 6.4 0.98 0.10 0.243 0.100
Toe 708.0 100.16 0.092 0.830
Soil Model Parameters/Extensions Skin Toe
Case Damping Factor 0.111 0 .309 Smith Type
Reloading Level (% of Ru) 100 100Unloading Level (% of Ru) 75
R es is ta nc e G ap ( in cl ud ed i n T oe Q ua ke ) ( in ) 0 .0 30
CAPWAP match quality: 3.96(Wave Up Match)
Observed: final set = 0.197 in; blow count = 61 b/ftComputed: final set = 0.121 in; blow count = 100 b/ft
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Output Tables:Output Tables:
Extrema,Extrema,
Case MethodCase Method
Output Tables:Output Tables:
Extrema,Extrema,
Case MethodCase Method
EXTREMA TABLE
Pile Dist. max. min. max. max. max. max. max.
Sgmnt Below Force Force Comp. Tens. Trnsfd. Veloc. Displ.No. Gages Stress Stress Energy
ft kips kips ksi ksi kip-ft ft/s in
1 3.3 1419.4 -559.9 2.914 -1.150 69.27 6.7 1.301
2 6.6 1419.4 -566.2 2.914 -1.163 69.21 6.7 1.2965 16.5 1420.0 -551.5 2.915 -1.132 69.00 6.7 1.277
8 26.5 1419.5 -518.3 2.914 -1.064 68.68 6.7 1.25311 36.4 1418.3 -476.7 2.912 -0.979 68.25 6.7 1.22514 46.3 1419.8 -434.1 2.915 -0.891 67.67 6.7 1.195
17 56.2 1431.7 -394.7 2.939 -0.810 66.93 6.7 1.161
20 66.2 1440.1 -353.3 2.957 -0.725 65.98 6.6 1.12623 76.1 1442.1 -297.7 2.961 -0.611 64.73 6.6 1.106
26 86.0 1401.1 -267.7 2.877 -0.550 60.86 6.6 1.091
29 95.9 1378.0 -196.0 2.829 -0.402 57.21 6.5 1.074
32 105.8 1393.5 -118.1 2.861 -0.242 55.58 6.7 1.05435 115.8 1404.9 -117.0 2.884 -0.240 55.11 7.2 1.033
38 125.7 1397.5 -107.4 2.869 -0.221 53.35 8.0 1.01041 135.6 1253.0 -82.1 2.572 -0.169 48.50 8.5 0.985
44 145.5 1079.6 -74.0 2.217 -0.152 46.60 9.6 0.96047 155.5 954.6 -57.3 1.960 -0.118 43.37 9.8 0.932
48 158.8 873.8 -57.2 1.794 -0.117 43.10 9.2 0.92349 162.1 843.2 -51.8 1.731 -0.106 41.59 8.8 0.913
50 165 4 790 2 -53 2 1 622 -0 109 41 30 9 0 0 903 . . . . . . . .51 168.7 813.5 -49.6 1.670 -0.102 39.80 9.1 0.89352 172.0 865.3 -54.5 1.777 -0.112 39.52 9.0 0.883
Absolute 79.4 2.963 (T = 30.8 ms) 6.6 -1.163 (T = 47.4 ms)
CASE METHOD
J = 0 .0 0 .1 0 .2 0 . 3 0 . 4 0 .5 0 .6 0 .7 0 .8 0 .9
R S1 6 66 .8 49 3. 6 3 20 .5 1 47 .3 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0
RMX 1060.4 974.9 948.5 922.0 897.9 880.5 874.2 873.5 872.7 871.9R SU 6 66 .8 49 3. 6 3 20 .5 1 47 .3 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0
RAU= 864.6 (kips); RA2= 891.2 (kips)
Current CAPWAP Ru= 804.4 (kips); Corresponding J(Rs)= 0.00; J(Rx)=1.00
VMX VFN VT1*Z FT1 FMX DMX DFN EMX RLT
ft/s ft/s kips kips kips in in kip-ft kips 6 .8 6 0 .0 0 12 21. 9 1 17 6. 6 1 4 20 .4 1. 313 0 .1 97 6 9. 5 1 10 4. 1
Output Tables:Output Tables:
AnnotationsAnnotations
To review complexTo review complex
Output Tables:Output Tables:
AnnotationsAnnotations
To review complexTo review complex
Demo; Pile: p66-rst - H-pile Test: 26-Apr-2006 08:01:
HP14*89; Blow: 4 CAPWAP(R) 2006
GRL Engineers, Inc. OP: jiu
CAPWAP ANNOTATIONS
QS UN CS LS JS SS OSP SK MS PS
2.520 0.200 0.707 1.000 2.641 0.652 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
QT TG CT LT JT ST OP BT MT PL
2.848 0.445 0.300 1.000 0.134 0.080 2 0.000 0.000 1.853
RSA PI
0 0.010
TV AC T1 T2 A12 T3 T4 A34
20.5 0.08 0.0 20.5 0.05 20.5 24.5 -3.86
Replay Factor 1 2 Avg.
Force 0.990 0.990 0.990
Veloctiy 1.000 1.010 1.005
Since the data was adjusted through PDA-W,
no other data adjustment parameters available.
PE M_BLct C_BLct CI BT MQ FR J_Rx J_Rs
20. 5 1049.9 744.6 1.422 0.126 1.50 50 00 0. 72 0 .71
Models, AdjustmentsModels, AdjustmentsModels, AdjustmentsModels, Adjustments
Page 1 Analysis: 03-Aug-2006
Added E-Modulus Cut-off Toe Quake and Uplift Frictn
Quake Multipl ier Damping Optn Reduct. Factr
0.00 0.00 1.00 0 0.80
Added Impedance
13
87.56
Added Damping
None
Damping Multipliers
All ones
Capac ity Reduction Factors
All ones
Check calculated final set (blow count)Check calculated final set (blow count)Check calculated final set (blow count)Check calculated final set (blow count)
How is final set (blow count) calculated?
Average of final set of all segments
How does calculated final set (blow count) affect match
quality?
MQ penalty: difference of final set in mm - 1
Calculated final set de ends on and can becorrected b :
How is final set (blow count) calculated?
Average of final set of all segments
How does calculated final set (blow count) affect match
quality?
MQ penalty: difference of final set in mm - 1
Calculated final set de ends on and can becorrected b :
acceleration adjustment
total resistance change (static and dynamic)
quakes
unloading parameters
rechecking measured final set
acceleration adjustment
total resistance change (static and dynamic)
quakes
unloading parameters
rechecking measured final set
Find best MQFind best MQ
Adjust individual segment resistances to improve match
automatic feature may smoothen distribution too much
1. See how shifting resistance from shaft to toe and vice
versa with appropriate quake and damping adjustments
can improve match
Adjust individual segment resistances to improve match
automatic feature may smoothen distribution too much
1. See how shifting resistance from shaft to toe and vice
versa with appropriate quake and damping adjustments
can improve match
2. Use ARD (or ARDQ) to vary capacity and check RU
3. Use AQ (Automatic Quantity improvement) on individual
quantities or groups of CAPWAP variables
4. Do not spend excessive effort on late record portion
unless it does affect the capacity/distribution results
2. Use ARD (or ARDQ) to vary capacity and check RU
3. Use AQ (Automatic Quantity improvement) on individual
quantities or groups of CAPWAP variables
4. Do not spend excessive effort on late record portion
unless it does affect the capacity/distribution results
CAPWAP Automatic Features
AC Automatic CAPWAP (after user initialization)
AF Calculate shaft resistance parameters
AQ Select and change CW quantities for BM
AQ Change current CW quantity for BM
AQ-Std Change CW standard quantities* for BM
AC Automatic CAPWAP (after user initialization)
AF Calculate shaft resistance parameters
AQ Select and change CW quantities for BM
AQ Change current CW quantity for BM
AQ-Std Change CW standard quantities* for BM
a cu a e a se o oe parame ers
ARD Static/dynamic resistance exchange for with
user interaction for BM
ARDQ Quick Static/dynamic resistance exchange
*CW standard quantities: SS, ST, QS, QT, TG, UN, CS, CT
a cu a e a se o oe parame ers
ARD Static/dynamic resistance exchange for with
user interaction for BM
ARDQ Quick Static/dynamic resistance exchange
*CW standard quantities: SS, ST, QS, QT, TG, UN, CS, CT
CAPWAP Help FeaturesCAPWAP Help FeaturesCAPWAP Help FeaturesCAPWAP Help Features
HCHC CAPWAP Variable HelpCAPWAP Variable HelpHCHC CAPWAP Variable HelpCAPWAP Variable Help
HRHR CAPWAP ResistanceCAPWAP Resistance
vs Displacement Helpvs Displacement Help
HMHM CAPWAP Match suggestionsCAPWAP Match suggestions
HRHR CAPWAP ResistanceCAPWAP Resistance
vs Displacement Helpvs Displacement Help
HMHM CAPWAP Match suggestionsCAPWAP Match suggestions
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CAPWAP Static Analysis OptionsCAPWAP Static Analysis OptionsCAPWAP Static Analysis OptionsCAPWAP Static Analysis Options
Extrapolation
SmootingUser Capacity
Extrapolation
SmootingUser Capacity
0.0 300.0 600.0 900.0 1200.0 1500.00.00
0.30
0.60
Load(kips)PileTop
Bottom
PileTop*
Bottom*
Ru = 1105.4 kips
Rs = 780.0 kips
Rb = 325.4 kips
Dy = 0.79in
Dx = 1.41in
*
0.90
1.20
1.50
xrap.
The PEBWAP Result
(Pile End Bearing Wave Analysis Program)
0.0 225.0 450.0 675.0 900.0
0.00
0 05
Load (kips)Pile Top
Stat R. J = 0.7
RR--TotalTotal
FFbb(T) = F(T) = F(T) + F(T) + F (T+2L/c)(T+2L/c)
VVbb(T) = v(T) + v (T+2L/c)(T) = v(T) + v (T+2L/c).
0.10
0.15
0.20
Set(inch)
Set(inch)
= { F(T)= { F(T) F (T+2L/c) } / ZF (T+2L/c) } / Z
DDbb(T) =(T) = Vb(T)Vb(T) dtdt
Now plotNow plot Fb(T)Fb(T) vs.vs. Db(T)Db(T)
PEBWAP AnalysisPEBWAP AnalysisPEBWAP AnalysisPEBWAP AnalysisPile End Bearing Wave Analysis ProgramPile End Bearing Wave Analysis Program
Load = Case MethodLoad = Case Method
Displacement =Displacement = vvtoetoe dt;dt; vvtoetoe = (2*WD1= (2*WD1 RTL)/ZRTL)/Z
Helps find RHelps find Rshaftshaft, q, qtoetoe, J, Jtoetoe
Pile End Bearing Wave Analysis ProgramPile End Bearing Wave Analysis Program
Load = Case MethodLoad = Case Method
Displacement =Displacement = vvtoetoe dt;dt; vvtoetoe = (2*WD1= (2*WD1 RTL)/ZRTL)/Z
Helps find RHelps find Rshaftshaft, q, qtoetoe, J, Jtoetoe
CAPWAP Summary and
Recommendations
CAPWAP Summary and
Recommendations
Signal matching, primarily using resistance
distribution and damping quantities to obtain
static bearing capacity and load-set curve
Engineer has to carefully review result and
Signal matching, primarily using resistance
distribution and damping quantities to obtain
static bearing capacity and load-set curve
Engineer has to carefully review result and
com ne w t ot er now e ge a out so to
get reliable answers
Automatic methods are tools and cannot be used
without the discriminating review of the
CAPWAP engineer
com ne w t ot er now e ge a out so to
get reliable answers
Automatic methods are tools and cannot be used
without the discriminating review of the
CAPWAP engineer
Introducing iCAP
Signal matching program, working in background,
which allows immediate analysis during data
collection
PAX sends data of blows that meat the user
defined criteria to iCAP, without user intervention
per orms an au oma c s gna ma c
iCAP sends the results back to the PAX program
when it finishes the analysis
iCAP results are not available for every blow
PAX displays last available iCAP results, plus
currently collected data.
Introducing iCAP
Also works with the PDA-W program, for immediate
signal match capacity determination in remote mode
(SiteLink).
Can be performed during replay of previously saved
data.
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Introducing iCAP
iCAP results:Numeric
Total iCAP capacity (RU)
Skin Friction (SF)
End Bearing (EB)
MQ match quality number (allows the user to evaluate
the validity of the iCAP result)
JC Case Method damping factor (allows the user to fine
tune the CASE method results for the blows that were not
analyzed during the test)
Maximum compression stress (CSC)
Maximum tension stress (TSC)
Graphic
Load-displacement curve
Force in pile versus depth
Wave-up measured versus Wave-up calculated
Introducing iCAP
iCAP limitations:
Devised primarily for driven piles of moderate
length (say less than 30 or 40 m), with known
uniform pile cross sectional properties, and setper blow between 2.5 and 10 mm
Not all situations et successful or ossible
(non-uniform piles, piles with cracks, variable
conditions)
Absolutely best match may not be achieved
Analyst will have to use engineering judgment to
decide whether iCAP will be sufficient, or whether
regular CAPWAP Analysis is needed
Quick iCAP CAPWAP
Ru 493 kips 506 kips
CSC 3.15 ksi 3.17 ksi
TSC 0.22 ksi 0.17 ksi
MQ 2.12 MQ1.48