1. In transmission of the impulses causing the heart to beat, the impulses pass from the bundle of His to the:A. Visceral pericardiumB. Purkinje fiber of ventricleC. Atrioventricular node of the ventricular septumD. Nodes of Ranvier

2. Which of the following is/are true?A. The force of contraction of the left ventricle is greater than that of the right ventricleB. The lowest velocity of blood flow occurs in the capillariesC. The atrioventricular node is the typical site at which the electrical activity occurring in the

atria can be conducted to the ventriclesD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

3. If an individual has a heart rate of 150, what is the amount of time it takes to complete one heart beat?A. 0.4 secondsB. 0.8 secondsC. 8 secondsD. 150 secondsE. 60 seconds

4. In a resting individual, which is true?A. Sympathetic stimulation of the heart is dominantB. Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart is dominantC. Neither is dominantD. The balance between the two determines which is dominant.

5. As the heart rate increases, the time available for filling the ventricles of the heart, called diastolic filling isA. IncreasedB. DecreasedC. Not affectedD. Stable, does not change

6. What part of the ventricle contract first in the cardiac cycle?A. Atrioventricular valvesB. Ventricular septumC. Lateral walls of ventriclesD. Lower or apical portions of the ventricles

7. Blood flows directly into the ventricles from the atria during

A. Early atrial systole and late ventricular diastoleB. Late atrial systole and early ventricular systoleC. Early atrial diastole and late ventricular systoleD. All of the above

8. The “lubb-dup” sounds have practical clinical value because they provide info concerning theA. Strength of arterial contractionsB. Power of the papillary musclesC. Efficiency of heart valvesD. Closure of foramen ovaleE. All of the above

9. Pressure in the atria is greater than pressure in the ventricles duringA. Atrial diastoleB. Atrial systoleC. Late ventricular diastoleD. All of the aboveE. B and C only

10. Which one of the following structures listed is passed thirdly by a drop of blood starting at the left atrium?A. Left ventricleB. Coronary sinusC. Bicuspid valveD. Right atrium

11. Arterial blood pressure could be decreased byA. An increase in cardiac outputB. An increase in venous returnC. An increase in peripheral resistanceD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

12. The electrical conduction system in the heart (is)A. Innervated by somatic nervous systemB. Capable of generating its own heart beat and regulating its own heart rate without other

nerve influencesC. Influenced greatly by the degree of venous returnD. Also affects the valves guarding of the heart orificesE. Two of the above

13. Stroke volume is increased by

A. Increased venous return resulting in increased end diastolic volumeB. Relatively empty ventriclesC. Decreased intra thoracic pressureD. Increased diastolic fillingE. All of the above

14. Blood viscosity and arteriolar diameter are the major factors in determining theA. Venous return of blood to the heartB. Peripheral resistance to blood flowC. Venous blood pressureD. All of the aboceE. B and C only

15. If the cardiac output is 5.0 liters per minute and the stroke volume is 0.05 liters per beat, what is the heart rate?A. 100 beats per minuteB. 0.001 beats per minuteC. 25 beats per minuteD. 0.25 beats per minuteE. Can’t be determined

16. Which of the following is true?A. Venous pressure is normally higher than arteriole pressureB. Capillary pressure is always lower than arteriole pressureC. Capillary pressure is normally less than pressure in any other kind of vesselD. Venous pressure is greatest in the superior and inferior vena cavaeE. All of the above

17. If the systolic pressure is 130mmHg and the diastolic pressure is 70mmHg, the pulse pressure would beA. 60 mmHgB. 200 mmHgC. 9100 mmHgD. 119 mmHg

18. Which of the following would no influence venous return?A. Contraction of skeletal muscles squeezing veinsB. Higher pressure in capillaries than in veins, forcing blood toward heart C. GravityD. Dilation of veinsE. Exchange of materials at capillary bed

19. The greater the volume of blood in the ventricle before the start of the ventricular systole, within the physiological limitsA. The less powerful the ensuing heatB. The more powerful the ensuing heatC. The more rapidly the next beat will be completedD. The more likely an EKG will occurE. The more likely a PVC will occur

20. Your blood pressure is measured as 130/80. The 80 represents the ……. Pressure of blood in your…..A. Diastolic, veinsB. Diastolic, arteriesC. Systolic, veinsD. Systolic, arteries

21. With the progressive changes from arteries to capillaries which one of the following is not true?A. There is a decrease in the diameter of the vesselsB. There is a decrease in the thickness of the wall of the vesselsC. There is an increase in the velocity at which the blood travels through the vesslesD. There is a decrease in the pressure within the vessels

22. Pulsations exist in the circulatory system becauseA. Blood is poured steadily out of the heart into the aortaB. Arterial walls are elasticC. Pooling occurs in arteries when their pressure is highD. Capillaries resist blood flowE. None of the above

23. Plasma proteins that remain in the blood capillaries help best toA. Maintain the colloid osmotic pressure of the bloodB. Decrease the colloid osmotic pressure of the bloodC. Maintain the hydrostatic pressure of the bloodD. Decrease the hydrostatic pressure of the blood

24. Under normal conditions, capillary blood pressure is alwaysA. Less than arterial blood pressureB. A force which pushes water and dissolved substances out of the blood at the arterial end of

a capillary bedC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B

25. Osmosis and filtration are …………. forces, respectively.

A. Pulling and pushingB. Pushing and pulling

26. Amanda Bowersock’s blood pressure is 144/110. The 110 isA. A measure of diastolic pressureB. Indicates a somewhat low readingC. A measure of systolic pressureD. Indicates atrial fibrillationE. A and B

27. The most inclusive means by which substances pass into and of capillaries isA. Endocytosis and exocytosisB. Osmotic pressureC. Fluid pressureD. Fluid movementE. Diffusion

28. In the condition called “circulatory shock”, reduced blood volume lead toA. Lowered filtration pressure at capillary bedsB. Initial reduction of blood via the veins to the heartC. All of the aboveD. None of the above

29. The SA node establishes the rate of the heart’s contraction becauseA. The beat arises in the SA nodeB. The SA node sends out impulses faster than the AV nodeC. The AV node only influences the ventriclesD. The SA node is bigger than the AV node

30. If arterial blood pressure falls markedly, which of the following would you expect to occur?A. Less movement of fluid from the capillaries to the interstitial spacesB. Body cells swollen with excess fluidC. Leakage of blood proteins into the interstitial fluidD. Exchange of water between the blood and the interstitial fluid unalteredE. Interstitial edema

31. Which of these is/are not a normal stimulus to make the cardio accelerator center fire?A. Decreased oxygen levels of the bloodB. Decreased carbon dioxide levels of the bloodC. Decreased blood pressure amountsD. A stressful situation such as bleeding from an ulcerE. All of the above

32. Contraction of the papillary musclesA. Results in the ejection of blood from the ventriclesB. Prevents AV valves from protruding into the atriaC. Closes the semilunar valvesD. Prevents back flow from the pulmonary trunk to the right ventricleE. Causes the atria to eject their contents into the ventricles

33. Which of the following represents the correct sequence of parts through which blood moves in passing from the vena cava to the lungs?A. Right atrium, pulmonary valve, right ventricle, tricuspid valveB. Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valveC. Tricuspid valve, right atrium, pulmonary valve, right ventricleD. Pulmonary valve, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricleE. Pulmonary capillary bed, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary semilunar valve, right ventricle,

right atrium, superior vena cava

34. Venous obstructive promotes edema by …………… in the venous end of the capillary bedA. Decreasing blood pressureB. Increasing osmotic pressureC. Increasing hydrostatic pressureD. Decreasing osmotic pressureE. None of the above

35. After several hours of standing at attention on a hot sunny day, several army recruits fainted. Compared to normal resting values, measurements taken on the recruits just before they collapsed would have indicatedA. Decreased venous returnB. Decreased cardiac outputC. Increased blood volume in the legsD. Decreased cerebral blood flowE. All of the above

36. Which of the following increase blood pressure?A. Increased venous returnB. Increased urine outputC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B

37. Which of the following organs or tissues receive the greatest portion of the total blood flow when the body is at rest?A. The brainB. The kidneys

C. Skeletal muscleD. The liverE. The heart

38. The most important job of the heart is toA. Get oxygen to our lungsB. Carry hormones to our tissues for growth and stimulationC. Prevent accumulation of waste products in our organsD. Deliver nutrients to our brain and other vital organsE. Send blood to the capillary beds to facilitate exchange of materials with the cells

39. The diastolic blood pressure A. Is maintained by the recoil of arteries and arteriolesB. Has a normal range of 60 to 90mmHgC. Occurs during ventricular relaxationD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

40. Which statement best describe arteries?A. All carry oxygenated blood to the bloodB. All contain valves to prevent backflow of the bloodC. All carry blood away from the heartD. Only large arteries are lined with endothelium

41. The fact that veins hold more blood than arteries is/are due toA. The larger lumens that veins have compared to arteriesB. The larger number of veins compared to the smaller number of arteriesC. The thinner walls that veins haveD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

42. Which statement about capillaries is not true?A. Capillaries are microscopic vessels whose walls are one cell thickB. Blood pressure is lowest in capillariesC. Velocity of blood flow is slowest in capillariesD. Many capillaries are smaller than whole cellsE. All of the above

43. The vessels which helps to regulate blood pressure the best is/areA. Precaplllary sphinctersB. Muscular arteriolesC. Venules

D. Large arteriesE. All of the above equally

44. The auscultation method of measuring blood pressure

A. Relies on the insertion of a cannula into the vessel in which pressure is being measuredB. Requires a device that is sensitive to the oscillations that occur in the blood vessel during

changes pressureC. Relies on hearing Korotkoffs sounds through stethoscopeD. Involves an electronic transducer attached to a mercury manometerE. Requires a device that senses the difference in the degree of stretch in the vessel wall at

systole and at diastole.

45. Which of these tells how the functional syncytium of the heart works?A. Only one impulse is needed for the whole heart to contractB. Nerve impulse flow meets tiny resistance at intercalated discsC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B

46. Which of the following statements about the ventricles is trueA. They are completely filled prior to atrial contractionB. They are both filled with blood of relatively high oxygen concentrationC. The left ventricular is more massive than is the right ventricular wallD. Chordae tendinea are attached to the mitral valve of the right side and to the bicuspid valve

of the left side.

47. Given the following values, determine the direction of flow of materials across the capillary bed. Blood colloidal osmotic pressure = 25 mmHgInterstitial osmotic pressure = 1 mmHg Blood hydrostatic pressure = 60 mmHgInterstitial hydrostatic pressure = 15 mmHgA. Material moves to the outside of vesselB. Material moves to inside of vesselsC. Material moves equally in both directionD. No movement of material occurs in either direction

48. If the cardiac output is 5.4liters/min and the heart rate is 100 beats/min. what is the stroke volume?A. 540 beats/literB. 27.0 beats/literC. 54 ml/beatD. 27 liter/strokeE. Can’t be calculated from the data

49. Starling’s Law of the Heart can be statedA. Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rateB. Pressure = flow x resistanceC. Neural reflexes act continuously to maintain a steady state of blood pressureD. The heart pumps all the blood delivered to it within physiological limitsE. The rate of epinephrine release is directly related to the speed of the heart rate.

50. Cardiac output is increased during exercise because ofA. Increased peripheral resistance In vessels supplying skeletal muscleB. Increased heart rate and stroke volumeC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B