CVE 311 ENGINEERING GEOLOGY ENGR S.O ODUNFA DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE,...
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Transcript of CVE 311 ENGINEERING GEOLOGY ENGR S.O ODUNFA DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE,...
CVE 311ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
ENGR S.O ODUNFADEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, ABEOKUTA
Introduction
• Engineering geology is the application of geology in design, construction and performance of civil engineering works
Importance of engineering geology to in Civil engineering practices
• To recognise potential difficult ground conditions prior to detailed design and construction
• It helps to identify areas susceptible to failure due to geological hazards
• To establish design specifications• To have best selection of site for engineering
purposes• To have best selection of engineering materials
for construction
Geological Structures
• These are the modified structures formed from primary structures due to the influence of tectonic forces on it.
• It gives details about how inherent properties of rocks get modified , making them either suitable or unsuitable for civil engineering works. Emples are: Folds,Faults,Joints and
• Uncomformities•
• Not all rocks are suitable for the studies• The suitable rocks are: • Sand stones and shales – Sedimentary rock• Gneissses and schist ( to some extent) -
Metamorphic rock
Folds• They bend either upwards or down wards when a set of
horizontal layers are subjected to compressive forces• Parts of fold:• Limbs or flanks - side of a fold• Crest and trough – the curved portions of fold at the top
and bottom are called crest and trough respectively• Axial plane- Imaginary plane which divides the fold intotwo
equal or nearly equal halves’• Axis – Trace of intersection between the axialplane and the
crest or trough of the fold• Wave length – The distance between the successive crest
or trough
Classifications and types of folds• Based on diifferent principles the folds are
variously classified as • Symmmetrical and asymmetrical – symmetrical
character• Anticline and syncline – upward or downward
bend• Occurence of plunge – plunging and non-plunging• Uniformity of bend thickness – open and closed• Behaviour of the fold pattern with depth – similar
and parellel
Effects of Folds and their Engineering Importance
• Location of dams• Location of reserviours• Location of tunnels • Quarrying• Ground water occurence• Roads and railways
Faults
• These are fractures along relative i.e parallel displacement of adjacent blocks taken place.
• Parts of fault:• Fault plane The plane along which the
adjacent blocks relatively displaced• Footwall and hanging wall• Heave and thtow• Slip
Classification and Types of Faults
• Translational and rotational faults – based on type of displacement along fault plane
• Normal/Gravity and reverse/thrust, dextral faults – relative movement of the footwall and hanging wall
• Strike and dip faults – type of slip involved