Part E.

LEVEL 6 Clinical Medical Research Building, The Royal Melbourne HospitalPost: PO Box 2135, RMH, Victoria, 3050P: +61383445673M: +61408467548F: +61386794445E: colin.royse@unimelb.edu.au

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Curriculum Vitae

Colin Royse, MBBS, MD, FANZCAProfessorThe University of MelbourneDepartment of SurgeryConsultant AnaesthetistThe Royal Melbourne Hospital

CV Colin Royse

Personal DetailsDOB: 7 May 1964

Married to Carolyn Royse, 2 children, Cameron and GeorgiaTel: 0408467548e-mail: colin.royse@unimelb.edu.au

Qualifications2000 Doctorate of Medicine (by thesis), The University of Melbourne: “Applications of

echocardiography in cardiac surgery and anaesthesia”

1996 Fellow of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists

1987 Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, The University of Melbourne

1981 Higher School Certificate, Melbourne High School

Academic Appointments2010- Promoted to Level E, full time continuing. Co-Director of the Ultrasound

Education Unit, Department of Surgery2006-2010 Level D Full-time continuing appointment,

Head, Anaesthesia and Pain Management Unit, Department of Pharmacology

2004-2006 Level D @0.5FTE, Department of Pharmacology Executive, Cardiovascular Therapeutics Unit

2002 Principal Fellow, Department of Pharmacology

2000 Senior Fellow, Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne.

Head Human Cardiovascular Research Laboratory.

1996-1999 Doctorate of Medicine student

Clinical appointments1996 - Consultant Anaesthetist

The Royal Melbourne Hospital, 1996- P.A.N.C.H. 1996St. Vincent’s Hospital, 1996-7

1991-1996 Anaesthesia RegistrarThe Royal Melbourne HospitalAlbury Base HospitalThe Royal Women’s HospitalThe Royal Children’s Hospital

1988 -1991 Hospital Medical OfficerAustin Hospital, Bendigo Base Hospital and The Royal Melbourne Hospital

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Research appointments2012 Director, Anaesthesia and Pain Management Unit, Department of Surgery, and

Co-director, Ultrasound Education Group.2006 Director, Anaesthesia and Pain Management Unit, Department of Pharmacology

Commenced animal based research in addition to clinical research. 2005 Executive, Cardiovascular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology2000 Laboratory head, Human Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of

Pharmacology.

ResearchIn 1995, I was one of the first Australian anaesthetists to learn and perform transoesophageal echocardiography for cardiac anaesthesia. I followed this clinical pioneering practice with research designed to validate its use and to investigate new areas for which it could be useful. The applications of echocardiography and surface ultrasound use have increased since then and I have pioneered the use of these technologies in non-cardiac anaesthesia, nerve blocks and vascular access. Research projects have mirrored these innovations.

I have also been involved in research for surgical innovations and these often overlap with innovations in anaesthesia. My interests in ventricular function led me to want to validate new echocardiography measurement techniques against the gold-standard invasive techniques that are mostly only performed in animal preparations. This was the impetus to set up an animal laboratory at The University of Melbourne and to invest in pressure-volume loop equipment (my lab is one of the few in the country with this technology). What followed was a growing interest in anaesthetic pharmacology and the area of organ protection. This has led back to human clinical research where I carried out a randomized trial of anaesthetic agents, looking at brain protection. I am now involved in a number of multicentre clinical trials of outcome in cardiac surgery.

What started as pure clinical research has therefore moved to the laboratory and now again to human research, and is a good example of “bench-bedside” translational research. In this journey, I have supervised many students (see below) and engaged anaesthetists in research higher degree training. I now supervise or co-supervise more anaesthetists doing higher degree research than any other anaesthetist in Australia.

Productivity in relation to opportunityMy career citations are > 2000, and I have published >130 peer- reviewed papers and book chapters, with more than 25% in the leading journals of the discipline. One hundred and thirteen are in indexed journals, and I currently publish 8-10 papers per year with half as first or senior author. Most of my research time in the past was “honorary”, and completed while I was working full time in clinical practice. It is only since late 2006 that I have been full time teaching and research. In 2005 I had six months absence whilst receiving treatment for a serious illness, and it took a further six months to return to full research capacity. I also spent most of my time in 2003 and 2004 developing the Postgraduate Diploma of Perioperative and Critical Care Echocardiography. This was such an enormous task, that I had to reduce my research commitment. I believe that my productivity has been outstanding, and more remarkable given the limited opportunity.

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Interestsa. Cardiovascular and neurological effects of anaesthesia in animals. There is a range of research preparations in the Cardiovascular Therapeutics Unit, including organ bath and myograph in-vitro preparations, anaesthetized animal preparations, and pressure-volume loop preparations in rats, rabbits and pigs. This last technology, which is only available in a few labs in Australia and world wide, allows direct measurement of contractility. These preparations are supplemented by histology and molecular techniques provided by collaborators. These techniques have been used to investigate the cardiovascular effects of anaesthetics, novel inotropes, cardioprotection and safety pharmacology especially with local anaesthetics. A new area of research is studying the neurotoxicity of anaesthetics in rats using cognitive function testing. This important development will complement human clinical research in this area. I received an ANZCA academic enhancement grant for 2012 to further develop this research and to build capacity in basic science research for Anaesthesia. I have closed my lab in Pharmacology due to a move to Department of Surgery, but I am still engaged with collaborators.

b. Echocardiography Validation of echocardiography measurements is being carried out in animals and humans. , Animal and human volunteer studies are investigating the accuracy of Tissue Doppler Velocity measurements of systolic and diastolic function. These approaches hold great promise as the measurements are simple to perform and non-invasive The new horizon in echocardiography is 3-dimensional real time echocardiography, and several studies validating its use have commenced. At the lower end of technology, the use of limited transthoracic echocardiography as a real time clinical diagnostic and monitoring tool is being investigated in the preoperative assessment clinic, and in the emergency department. These studies focus on how the echocardiography scan influences clinical management decisions. I am currently investigating the validity of echocardiography assessment of left and right atrial pressure in awake and anaesthetized patients using transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography. I am also conducting research into echocardiography education, especially with simulation technologies.

c. Human organ protection during cardiac surgeryI was the principal investigator in a trial comparing the effects of two anaesthetic agents on the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after cardiac surgery. This human study mirrored the animal investigations on the balance between potential neurotoxicity caused by anaesthetics versus the potential neuroprotective effects during a period of potential organ injury, such as occurs during cardiac surgery. I am an investigator in a multicentre trial investigating the effect of high-dose steroids in cardiac surgery, and in blood transfusion strategies.

d. Recovery after anaesthesia and surgery: Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale (PQRS)I am the only Australian anaesthetist , and now Chair of an international board that developed and and validated a new scale, the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale (PQRS) to measure how well patients recover after anaesthesia. The first study, was published in Anesthesiology (2010), the most prestigious anaesthetic journal. This scale has been used as a research tool to compare different anaesthetic interventions, but is also being developed as a clinical quality tool. Being able to measure recovery will give anaesthetists important feedback on their practice, as well as being able to identify patients early after surgery who have not recovered well.. This work has great potential to engage The University of Melbourne hospitals in collaborative research. PQRS is a simple tool to use and can be

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performed with minimal training. Quality of recovery is a new horizon in anaesthesia research and will interest the wider community. This is particularly important when engaging some of the hospitals where research is poorly developed.

e. Cardiac surgery I am a co-investigator in cardiac surgery research. This includes long-term follow-up of patients who have had total arterial coronary bypass surgery, as well as measuring the effect of surgery on diastolic function.

TeachingI am involved in both undergraduate and postgraduate education. I am also involved in registrar training in anaesthesia and pain management at The Royal Melbourne Hospital.Undergraduate: BBiomed, Medical and Dental students on anaesthesia-related subjects as required. I supervise students the MD scholarly selective and vocational selective programs.

AMS/HonorsI have supervised AMS students from the inception of the program. I have supervised 3 Science Honours students. Most students have achieved H2A/H1.

Registrar trainingI train registrars in anaesthesia through my public hospital sessions.

Research for higher degreesThe table below shows the research students that have been/are under my supervision. All these students are anesthetists or critical care specialists. I believe that I am the only Victorian anaesthetist supervising PhD students who are cliniciansType: AMS = Advanced Medical Science; Hon = Science Honors; Mast = Masters, PhD = Doctorate of Philosophy; MD = Doctorate of Medicine; DPsych = Doctorate of Psychology.Supervisor: P = Primary supervisor; Co = Co-supervisor CoE = Co-supervisor for institution other than The University of Melbourne

Year Name Type Supervisor Mark2014 Jared Ou-Young Hon P In Progress2014 Andrea Bowyer PhD P In Progress2013 Alwyn Chuan PhD Co (McQuarie) In Progress2012 Kavi Haji PhD P In progress2011 John Faris PhD Co (UWA) In progress2010 David Canty PhD Co (Utas) Completed2009 Mohamed Ali MD Co (Uni Minah,

Egypt)Withdrawn

2009 Darsim Harji PhD P Completed2009 Emma Bourne Hon Co H2A2007- Alicia Dennis PhD P Completd2007 Andrew Huhn AMS P H2A2006- Edward Hinch Mast Co Withdrawn2006- David Andrews PhD P Completed2006 Greg Chang AMS P H2A2005- Graeme McLaren MD P On leave2005- Paul Soeding PhD P Completed

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2005- Kenneth Tung AMS P H12005- David Liew AMS P H2A2005- Amanda Reid Mast Co H2A2004 Jue Li Seah AMS P H2A2003 Samuel Sha AMS P H12003- Kim Connelley PhD Co Completed2002 Cheryl Remedios DPsych CoE Completed2002 David Deelen AMS P H2A2002 Ajay Bhratula AMS P H12002 Maal Roganathan AMS P H2B2001 Christina Wong AMS P H12001 Randal Rohrlach Hon P P

Distance based Echocardiography courses:

The echocardiography education group, which I lead, is the main provider of echocardiography education to anaesthesia and critical care specialistsin Australia, and has gained a strong national and international reputation. The education program has facilitated the uptake of this technology into clinical practice, with a significant impact on patient management.

Since 2004 the now discontinued PGDipEcho had nearly 460 graduates, with a few remaining to complete. By the end of Semester 2 2011, approximately 450 students had graduated from the new Certificate of Clinical Ultrasound, with 120 attaining the Diploma. By the end of 2013, approximately 2000 students had completed workshops, about 1100 of which had completed the limited transthoracic echocardiography course (HARTscan). Additionally about 500 delegates to conferences we have organised will have attended workshops. About 15-20% of distance education students are international enrolments. For reference, in Australasia, there are about 100 cardiothoracic surgeons, 250 cardiac anaesthetists, 750 cardiologists, 300 intensive care and 400 accident and emergency physicians. Overall we estimate that about 10% of all anaesthetists, more than 60% of all cardiac anaesthetists and 20% of intensive care physicians have completed or are undertaking our courses.

a. Postgraduate Diploma of Perioperative and Critical Care Echocardiography (PGDipEcho). This course was developed following early use of transoesophageal echocardiography for cardiac surgery. I was one of the pioneers of this technique in Australia. The key aim was to set up a comprehensive education package to provide a diagnostic level knowledge base for practitioners, utilising distance education technologies to make learning easier. I led a steering committee and approximately 70 contributors from Australia and overseas. This course has become the leading means for anaesthesia and critical care specialists to learn echocardiography. The PGDipEcho has now been replaced with a series of nested courses, designed to cater better for the emerging non-cardiac anaesthesia craft groups. These include Postgraduate Certificate, Diploma, and Masters levels of education.

b. Postgraduate Certificate of Clinical Ultrasound. All students start with this course, as it teaches basic assessment skills using echocardiography and surface ultrasound. The knowledge base will enable practitioners to become “good basic sonographers” but without comprehensive diagnostic skills. This course is

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designed principally for those beginning echocardiography, or for the non-cardiac anaesthesia, emergency department, and intensive care specialties. Ultimately other modular certificates with focus on musculoskeletal or vascular sonography will be developed.

c. Postgraduate Diploma of Clinical Ultrasound. Students complete another four subjects after the certificate course to obtain the diploma. The knowledge base is extended to now provide diagnostic level skills and to focus on transoesophageal echocardiography Our expectation is that approximately 50% of the certificate students will continue and complete the diploma.

d. Masters of Clinical Ultrasound. This is now complete and released in 2014, approximately 50 students are currently enrolled.

e. Hands-on Workshops. My echocardiography education group is also involved in running a number of hands-on workshops and seminars. This started as a means to provide hands-on experience for students who found it difficult to obtain at their local institution. However these programs have become self-standing, and have become important mechanisms for people wishing to start doing echocardiography and ultrasound guided nerve blocks.

f. New developments. Our group has developed the Basic Perioperative TEE program for the National Board of echocardiography in the USA. We have currently enrolled 300 students. Another major development is to set up education courses incorporating echocardiography simulators. The first two courses in this series have been developed and tested in 2014. A new course called “Basic TTE” is under development.

Collaborationsa. Sonosite Corporation: Sonosite has facilitated our teaching programs in point-of-

care ultrasound, and provided research equipment for our laboratory.b. Co-Director of the steering committee of the Postgraduate Diploma of

Perioperative and Critical Care Echocardiography. The committee comprises 14 anaesthetists, intensive care physicians, or surgeons from across Australia and New Zealand, who served to guide the progress of the diploma course.

c. Member of the international advisory board on the- postoperative quality of recovery scale (PQRS). This scale will act as a research endpoint to measure quality of recovery following anaesthesia and surgery. I am now the Chair of the PQRS scientific committee.

d. Member of the advisory panel for the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists, and the Joint Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine, which formulate training guidelines for echocardiography and ultrasound use in anaesthesia and critical care medicine.

e. Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiology (SCA) collaboration: I have successfully formed a partnership with the SCA, which is the most respected organization in the USA concerning perioperative echocardiography. We are now running our distance courses under license from The University of Melbourne for the North American market. This has given us huge credibility outside of Australia in the field of echocardiography education.

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Clinical development in anaesthesiaMy subspeciality interest is cardiac anaesthesia. I have been a pioneer in a number of developments in this field. In 1995, I received formal training in transoesophageal echocardiography and introduced it into the operating theatres at The Royal Melbourne Hospital. The technology is now embraced in cardiac surgery and its application has extended to other areas of anaesthesia.

In the mid-1990s, I pioneered the use of fast track anaesthesia for cardiac surgery at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, including immediate extubation of patients in the operating theatre. Whilst my practice has become more conservative, aiming for early rather than immediate extubation, the process required many simultaneous changes in technique, including anaesthetic agents, temperature management and pain control. This work is recognised internationally, and I was invited to speak on it in 2008 at the International Congress of Cardiovascular Anaesthesia.

I pioneered the use of epidural anaesthesia in cardiac surgery in Australia. This is an emerging trend in many other countries. My aim is to improve pain management for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We have been performing the technique for over 15 years with good results, and without complication in over 2000 cases. I have published the world’s third largest clinical case series, and I am regarded as a world authority in the technique. I was invited to write the “Current Opinion” review of the topic in 2008. I wrote an editorial for Anesthesiology in 2011, and have lectured as a guest speaker on multiple occasions at international meetings.

The focus of my clinical research now is the measurement of quality of recovery following anaesthesia and surgery. I am a member of an international panel which has developed and validated a new quality of recovery scale (PQRS – Postoperative Quality Recovery Scale). This will provide a measurement tool to identify quality of recovery beyond the normal clinical observation period (which for anaesthetists, is typically only a few hours). Studies investigating quality of recovery in cardiac surgery are currently undergoing ethics committee review.

Administrative/ManagementI have set up and co-ordinate the “Postgraduate Diploma of Perioperative and Critical Care Echocardiography”.The course represents a collaboration of experts in echocardiography from Australia and New Zealand, and is administered through The University of Melbourne. I co-administer administer 7 full time and 6 part time research or admin staff.

I set up the Anaesthesia and Pain Management Research Unit in 2006 within the Department of Pharmacology. This was designed to be an umbrella organization for anaesthetists to seek appointments with the university. The idea is to group anaesthetists into one unit, rather than the current state where they are dispersed by being attached to surgical or medical departments of their hospitals. It is critical for the development of anaesthesia as a discipline to group individuals of common interest, so that research, education, and publication output can be identified as belonging to the discipline of anaesthesia.

I am the only continuing University employed academic in anaesthesia, critical care and emergency medicine. This indicates just how under resourced these specialties are. Numerically, the critical care and anaesthesia craft groups are in the top five specialties yet have almost no university representation. All other anaesthesia academics hold honorary

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appointments. I have provided the co-ordination and mentoring for anaesthetists and other critical care specialists to help them to realize their academic goals. In 2010, I provided funding from the echocardiography programs for a 0.5 FTE position for an anaesthesia lecturer. I intend to increase this as funds allow.

I served with the Australian Defence Force Reserves for 15 years, moving to inactive service in 1998. I held a range of appointments culminating in “Officer Commanding, Medical Company, 3BASB”. I participated in leadership courses and reached the rank of Substantive Major. The management responsibility of a company-sized unit is 100 personnel, and the organizational structure is similar to that of a department within a hospital.

Professional memberships / Boards Fellow of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Member of the Australian Society of Anaesthetists Member of the Australian Medical Association Medical Registration No. MPG227116 AVANT Medical Defence Association No. 10278

Personal and leisureI enjoy music, skiing and travel. I still play the piano, though my practice time is ever diminishing with having teenage children. I am a real fan of classical music and opera.

Publications

Journal publications available in Pubmed

1. Callaway JK, Jones NC, Royse AG, Royse CF. Memory Impairment in Rats after Desflurane Anesthesia is Age and Dose Dependent. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 2014.2. Vegas A, Denault A, Royse C. A bedside clinical and ultrasound-based approach to hemodynamic instability - Part II: bedside ultrasound in hemodynamic shock: Continuing Professional Development. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie. 2014;61(11):1008-27.3. Denault A, Vegas A, Royse C. Bedside clinical and ultrasound-based approaches to the management of hemodynamic instability--part I: focus on the clinical approach: continuing professional development. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie. 2014;61(9):843-64.4. Haji DL, Ali MM, Royse A, Canty DJ, Clarke S, Royse CF. Interatrial septum motion but not Doppler assessment predicts elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 2014;121(4):719-29.5. Bowyer A, Jakobsson J, Ljungqvist O, Royse C. A review of the scope and measurement of postoperative quality of recovery. Anaesthesia. 2014;69(11):1266-78.6. Canty DJ, Hayes JA, Story DA, Royse CF. Ultrasound simulator-assisted teaching of cardiac anatomy to preclinical anatomy students: A pilot randomized trial of a three-hour learning exposure. Anatomical sciences education. 2014.7. Liu J, Yuan W, Wang X, Royse CF, Gong M, Zhao Y, et al. Peripheral nerve blocks versus general anesthesia for total knee replacement in elderly patients on the postoperative quality of recovery. Clinical interventions in aging. 2014;9:341-50.

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8. Royse CF, Williams Z, Ye G, Wilkinson D, De Steiger R, Richardson M, et al. Knee surgery recovery: Post-operative Quality of Recovery Scale comparison of age and complexity of surgery. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2014;58(6):660-7.9. Royse CF, Williams Z, Purser S, Newman S. Recovery after nasal surgery vs. tonsillectomy: discriminant validation of the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2014;58(3):345-51.10. Newman S, Wilkinson DJ, Royse CF. Assessment of early cognitive recovery after surgery using the Post-operative Quality of Recovery Scale. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2014;58(2):185-91.11. Lindqvist M, Royse C, Brattwall M, Warren-Stomberg M, Jakobsson J. Post-operative Quality of Recovery Scale: the impact of assessment method on cognitive recovery. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2013;57(10):1308-12.12. Royse CF, Newman S, Williams Z, Wilkinson DJ. A human volunteer study to identify variability in performance in the cognitive domain of the postoperative quality of recovery scale. Anesthesiology. 2013;119(3):576-81.13. Soeding PF, Hoy S, Hoy G, Evans M, Royse CF. Effect of phenylephrine on the haemodynamic state and cerebral oxygen saturation during anaesthesia in the upright position. British journal of anaesthesia. 2013;111(2):229-34.14. Griffiths JD, Le NV, Grant S, Bjorksten A, Hebbard P, Royse C. Symptomatic local anaesthetic toxicity and plasma ropivacaine concentrations after transversus abdominis plane block for Caesarean section. British journal of anaesthesia. 2013;110(6):996-1000.15. Haji DL, Royse A, Royse CF. Review article: Clinical impact of non-cardiologist-performed transthoracic echocardiography in emergency medicine, intensive care medicine and anaesthesia. Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA. 2013;25(1):4-12.16. Canty D, Royse C. A reply. Anaesthesia. 2013;68(2):207-8.17. Udayasiri D, Gangahanumaiah S, Royse C, Royse A. Tricuspid valve papillary muscle avulsion from a pulmonary artery catheter. ANZ journal of surgery. 2012;82(12):939-40.18. Royse CF, Canty DJ, Faris J, Haji DL, Veltman M, Royse A. Core review: physician-performed ultrasound: the time has come for routine use in acute care medicine. Anesthesia and analgesia. 2012;115(5):1007-28.19. Canty DJ, Royse CF, Kilpatrick D, Bowyer A, Royse AG. The impact on cardiac diagnosis and mortality of focused transthoracic echocardiography in hip fracture surgery patients with increased risk of cardiac disease: a retrospective cohort study. Anaesthesia. 2012;67(11):1202-9.20. Callaway JK, Jones NC, Royse AG, Royse CF. Sevoflurane anesthesia does not impair acquisition learning or memory in the Morris water maze in young adult and aged rats. Anesthesiology. 2012;117(5):1091-101.21. Callaway JK, Jones NC, Royse CF. Reply to: Isoflurane is not necessarily the only cause of cognitive deficits. European journal of anaesthesiology. 2013;30(1):43-4.22. Royse CF, Chung F, Newman S, Stygall J, Wilkinson DJ. Predictors of patient satisfaction with anaesthesia and surgery care: a cohort study using the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale. European journal of anaesthesiology. 2013;30(3):106-10.23. Faris JG, Hartley K, Fuller CM, Langston RB, Royse CF, Veltman MG. Audit of cardiac pathology detection using a criteria-based perioperative echocardiography service. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2012;40(4):702-9.24. Lam K, Canty D, Royse C, Royse A. Hospital survey of point-of-care lung ultrasound use in the assessment of peri-operative and critically ill patients. Critical care. 2012;16(3):437.25. Dennis AT, Castro J, Carr C, Simmons S, Permezel M, Royse C. Haemodynamics in women with untreated pre-eclampsia. Anaesthesia. 2012;67(10):1105-18.26. Royse CF, Haji DL, Faris JG, Veltman MG, Kumar A, Royse AG. Evaluation of the interpretative skills of participants of a limited transthoracic echocardiography training course (H.A.R.T.scan course). Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2012;40(3):498-504.

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27. Canty DJ, Royse CF, Kilpatrick D, Williams DL, Royse AG. The impact of pre-operative focused transthoracic echocardiography in emergency non-cardiac surgery patients with known or risk of cardiac disease. Anaesthesia. 2012;67(7):714-20.28. Canty DJ, Royse CF, Kilpatrick D, Bowman L, Royse AG. The impact of focused transthoracic echocardiography in the pre-operative clinic. Anaesthesia. 2012;67(6):618-25.29. Callaway JK, Jones NC, Royse CF. Isoflurane induces cognitive deficits in the Morris water maze task in rats. European journal of anaesthesiology. 2012;29(5):239-45.30. Andrews DT, Sutherland J, Dawson P, Royse AG, Royse C. L-arginine cardioplegia reduces oxidative stress and preserves diastolic function in patients with low ejection fraction undergoing coronary artery surgery. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2012;40(1):99-106.31. Andrews DT, Royse C, Royse AG. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its role in anaesthesia-triggered cellular protection during ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2012;40(1):46-70.32. Ali MM, Royse AG, Connelly K, Royse CF. The accuracy of transoesophageal echocardiography in estimating pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in anaesthetised patients. Anaesthesia. 2012;67(2):122-31.33. Soeding PF, Wang J, Hoy G, Jarman P, Phillips H, Marks P, et al. The effect of the sitting upright or 'beachchair' position on cerebral blood flow during anaesthesia for shoulder surgery. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2011;39(3):440-8.34. Brooks M, Royse C, Eisen D, Sparks P, Bhagwat K, Royse A. An accidental mass. Lancet. 2011;377(9779):1806.35. Royse CF, Andrews DT, Newman SN, Stygall J, Williams Z, Pang J, et al. The influence of propofol or desflurane on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Anaesthesia. 2011;66(6):455-64.36. Faris JG, Veltman MG, Royse C. Focused transthoracic echocardiography in the perioperative period. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2011;39(2):306-7; author reply 7-8.37. Royse CF, Ruizhi N, Huynh AL, Royse AG. The Effect of a Hyperdynamic Circulation on Tissue Doppler Values: A Simulation in Young Adults during Exercise. Anesthesiology research and practice. 2011;2011:165874.38. Connelly KA, Royse C, Royse AG. Tissue Doppler Em and instantaneous end-diastolic stiffness: validation against pressure-volume loops in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Heart, lung & circulation. 2011;20(4):223-30.39. Royse C. Epidurals for cardiac surgery: can we substantially reduce surgical morbidity or should we focus on quality of recovery? Anesthesiology. 2011;114(2):232-3.40. Soeding PF, Crack PJ, Wright CE, Angus JA, Royse CF. Levosimendan preserves the contractile responsiveness of hypoxic human myocardium via mitochondrial K(ATP) channel and potential pERK 1/2 activation. European journal of pharmacology. 2011;655(1-3):59-66.41. Conaglen PJ, Ellims A, Royse C, Royse A. Acute repair of traumatic tricuspid valve regurgitation aided by three-dimensional echocardiography. Heart, lung & circulation. 2011;20(4):237-40.42. Griffiths JD, Barron FA, Grant S, Bjorksten AR, Hebbard P, Royse CF. Plasma ropivacaine concentrations after ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block. British journal of anaesthesia. 2010;105(6):853-6.43. MacLaren G, Kluger R, Connelly KA, Royse CF. Comparative feasibility of myocardial velocity and strain measurements using 2 different methods with transesophageal echocardiography during cardiac surgery. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia. 2011;25(2):216-20.44. Royse CF, Newman S, Chung F, Stygall J, McKay RE, Boldt J, et al. Development and feasibility of a scale to assess postoperative recovery: the post-operative quality recovery scale. Anesthesiology. 2010;113(4):892-905.

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45. Griffiths JD, Middle JV, Barron FA, Grant SJ, Popham PA, Royse CF. Transversus abdominis plane block does not provide additional benefit to multimodal analgesia in gynecological cancer surgery. Anesthesia and analgesia. 2010;111(3):797-801.46. Hebbard PD, Royse CF. Lack of efficacy with transversus abdominis plane block: is it the technique, the end points, or the statistics? Regional anesthesia and pain medicine. 2010;35(3):324.47. Dennis A, Arhanghelschi I, Simmons S, Royse C. Prospective observational study of serial cardiac output by transthoracic echocardiography in healthy pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean delivery. International journal of obstetric anesthesia. 2010;19(2):142-8.48. Bourne E, Wright C, Royse C. A review of local anesthetic cardiotoxicity and treatment with lipid emulsion. Local and regional anesthesia. 2010;3:11-9.49. Royse CF. Is a different dose of anesthesia the real problem? Anesthesia and analgesia. 2009;109(6):2031-2; author reply 2.50. Royse CF. Anaesthesia in septic patients: good preparation and making the right choice? Critical care. 2009;13(6):1001.51. Royse AG, Royse CF. Epiaortic ultrasound assessment of the aorta in cardiac surgery. Best practice & research Clinical anaesthesiology. 2009;23(3):335-41.52. Faris JG, Veltman MG, Royse CF. Limited transthoracic echocardiography assessment in anaesthesia and critical care. Best practice & research Clinical anaesthesiology. 2009;23(3):285-98.53. Royse CF. Ultrasound-guided haemodynamic state assessment. Best practice & research Clinical anaesthesiology. 2009;23(3):273-83.54. Royse CF. Ultrsasound in anaesthesiology and intensive care. Preface. Best practice & research Clinical anaesthesiology. 2009;23(3):vii.55. Andrews DT, Royse AG, Royse CF. Functional comparison of anaesthetic agents during myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion using pressure-volume loops. British journal of anaesthesia. 2009;103(5):654-64.56. Royse CF. High thoracic epidural analgesia for cardiac surgery: time to move from morbidity to quality of recovery indicators. Annals of cardiac anaesthesia. 2009;12(2):168-9; author reply 70-1.57. Canty DJ, Royse CF. Audit of anaesthetist-performed echocardiography on perioperative management decisions for non-cardiac surgery. British journal of anaesthesia. 2009;103(3):352-8.58. Royse CF. High thoracic epidural anaesthesia for cardiac surgery. Current opinion in anaesthesiology. 2009;22(1):84-7.59. Royse CF, Bird H, Royse AG. Routine assessment of coeliac axis and renal artery flow is not feasible with transoesophageal echocardiography. Anaesthesia. 2009;64(1):103-4.60. Alsaddique AA, Royse AG, Royse CF, Fouda MA. Management of diastolic heart failure following cardiac surgery. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. 2009;35(2):241-9.61. Hebbard P, Royse C. Audit of transverse abdominus plane block for analgesia following caesarean section. Anaesthesia. 2008;63(12):1382.62. Royse C. Ultrasound education in anaesthesia: turning the tables on convention. Annals of cardiac anaesthesia. 2008;11(2):77-9.63. Royse AG, Chang GS, Nicholas DM, Royse CF. No late ulnar artery atheroma after radial artery harvest for coronary artery bypass surgery. The Annals of thoracic surgery. 2008;85(3):891-4.64. Royse CF, Liew DF, Wright CE, Royse AG, Angus JA. Persistent depression of contractility and vasodilation with propofol but not with sevoflurane or desflurane in rabbits. Anesthesiology. 2008;108(1):87-93.65. Soeding PE, Royse CF, Wright CE, Royse AG, Angus JA. Inoprotection: the perioperative role of levosimendan. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2007;35(6):845-62.

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66. Hebbard P, Fujiwara Y, Shibata Y, Royse C. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2007;35(4):616-7.67. Royse AG, Royse CF. ICVTS on-line discussion B Radial artery harvest preserves forearm blood flow. Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery. 2007;6(5):602.68. Royse A, Royse C. A standardised intraoperative ultrasound examination of the aorta and proximal coronary arteries. Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery. 2006;5(6):701-4.69. Royse CF, Soeding PF, Royse AG. High thoracic epidural analgesia for cardiac surgery: an audit of 874 cases. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2007;35(3):374-7.70. Royse C. Is depth of anesthesia, as assessed by the bispectral index, related to postoperative cognitive dysfunction and recovery? Anesthesia and analgesia. 2007;104(5):1297; author reply -8.71. Hebbard P, Royse C. Ultrasound guided posterior approach to the infraclavicular brachial plexus. Anaesthesia. 2007;62(5):539.72. Royse CF, Royse AG, Rohrlach R, Wright CE, Angus JA. The cardiovascular effects of adrenaline, dobutamine and milrinone in rabbits using pressure-volume loops and guinea pig isolated atrial tissue. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2007;35(2):180-8.73. Royse C, Remedios C, Royse A. High thoracic epidural analgesia reduces the risk of long-term depression in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia. 2007;13(1):32-5.74. Royse CF, Connelly KA, MacLaren G, Royse AG. Evaluation of echocardiography indices of systolic function: a comparative study using pressure-volume loops in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Anaesthesia. 2007;62(2):109-16.75. Royse CF, Seah JL, Donelan L, Royse AG. Point of care ultrasound for basic haemodynamic assessment: novice compared with an expert operator. Anaesthesia. 2006;61(9):849-55.76. Maclaren G, Kluger R, Prior D, Royse A, Royse C. Tissue Doppler, strain, and strain rate echocardiography: principles and potential perioperative applications. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia. 2006;20(4):583-93.77. Royse CF, Hall J, Royse AG. The 'mesentery' dressing for epidural catheter fixation. Anaesthesia. 2006;61(7):713.78. Royse CE, Sha S, Soeding PF, Royse AG. Anatomical study of the brachial plexus using surface ultrasound. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2006;34(2):203-10.79. Soeding PE, Sha S, Royse CE, Marks P, Hoy G, Royse AG. A randomized trial of ultrasound-guided brachial plexus anaesthesia in upper limb surgery. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2005;33(6):719-25.80. King G, Foley JB, Royse CF, Yastrebov K, Hussey M, Boyle G, et al. Myocardial stiffness and the timing difference between tissue Doppler imaging Ea and peak mitral valve opening can distinguish physiological hypertrophy in athletes from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology. 2006;7(6):423-9.81. Royse CE, Royse AG, Deelen DA. An audit of morphine versus fentanyl as an adjunct to ropivacaine 0.2% for high thoracic epidural analgesia. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2005;33(5):639-44.82. Royse CF, Royse AG. The myocardial and vascular effects of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine using pressure volume loops. Anesthesia and analgesia. 2005;101(3):679-87, table of contents.83. Chakravarthy M, Nadiminti S, Krishnamurthy J, Thimmannagowda P, Jawali V, Royse CF, et al. Temporary neurologic deficits in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with thoracic epidural supplementation. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia. 2004;18(4):512-20.84. Royse CF, Royse AG, Bharatula A, Lai J, Veltman M, Cope L, et al. Substernal epicardial echocardiography: a recommended examination sequence and clinical evaluation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The Annals of thoracic surgery. 2004;78(2):613-9; discussion 9.

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85. Royse AG, Royse CF, Maleskar A, Garg A. Harvest of the radial artery for coronary artery surgery preserves maximal blood flow of the forearm. The Annals of thoracic surgery. 2004;78(2):539-42.86. Royse AG, Royse CF, Wong CT. Graft flow increases with release of stabilizing device in off-pump coronary surgery. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia. 2003;9(6):384-8.87. Royse CF, Royse AG, Wong CT. Assessment of left ventricular function during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia. 2003;9(6):371-7.88. Royse CF, Royse AG, Soeding PF, Mathieson EM. Descending aortic pulsed wave Doppler can predict changes in cardiac output during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia. 2003;9(5):314-8.89. Blake DW, Royse CF, Royse AG, Bjorksten AR, Soeding PF, Pang J. Alfentanil infusion as a component of intravenous anaesthesia for coronary artery bypass surgery with "fast-track" recovery. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2003;31(2):181-3.90. Royse CF, Royse AG, Wong CT, Soeding PF. The effect of pericardial restraint, atrial pacing, and increased heart rate on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesthesia and analgesia. 2003;96(5):1274-9, table of contents.91. Royse C, Royse A, Soeding P, Blake D, Pang J. Prospective randomized trial of high thoracic epidural analgesia for coronary artery bypass surgery. The Annals of thoracic surgery. 2003;75(1):93-100.92. Ho SC, Royse CF, Royse AG, Penberthy A, McRae R. Persistent pain after cardiac surgery: an audit of high thoracic epidural and primary opioid analgesia therapies. Anesthesia and analgesia. 2002;95(4):820-3, table of contents.93. Royse CF, Royse AG, Soeding PF, Blake DW. Shape and movement of the interatrial septum predicts change in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia. 2001;7(2):79-83.94. Royse C, Soeding P, Royse A. Immediate or early extubation: where do we start? Anesthesia and analgesia. 2001;92(4):1073-4.95. Royse CF, Royse AG. Afterload corrected fractional area change (FACac): a simple, relatively load-independent measurement of left ventricular contractility in humans. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia. 2000;6(5):345-50.96. Purser S, Royse CF, Velkov HA, Roberts LF. Topical application of ethanol to the tonsillar bed immediately following tonsillectomy does not improve post-operative analgesia. The Journal of laryngology and otology. 2000;114(9):671-4.97. Royse CF, Royse AG, Blake DW, Grigg LE. Instantaneous end diastolic stiffness (IEDS): a simple, load independent measurement of left ventricular diastolic function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia. 2000;6(3):203-10.98. Royse AG, Royse CF, Ajani AE, Symes E, Maruff P, Karagiannis S, et al. Reduced neuropsychological dysfunction using epiaortic echocardiography and the exclusive Y graft. The Annals of thoracic surgery. 2000;69(5):1431-8.99. Royse CF, Barrington MJ, Royse AG. Transesophageal echocardiography values for left ventricular end-diastolic area and pulmonary vein and mitral inflow Doppler velocities in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia. 2000;14(2):130-2.

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100. Royse AG, Royse CF, Tatoulis J, Grigg LE, Shah P, Hunt D, et al. Postoperative radial artery angiography for coronary artery bypass surgery. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. 2000;17(3):294-304.101. Macguire B, Royse C, Royse A, Duane M, Pang J. Lung function following cardiac surgery is not affected by postoperative ventilation time. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia. 2000;6(1):13-8.102. Royse CF, Royse AG, Blake DW, Grigg LE. Measurement of cardiac output by transoesophageal echocardiography: a comparison of two Doppler methods with thermodilution. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 1999;27(6):586-90.103. Royse AG, Royse CF, Tatoulis J. Total arterial coronary revascularization and factors influencing in-hospital mortality. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. 1999;16(5):499-505.104. Royse AG, Royse CF, Groves KL, Bus B, Yu G. Blood flow in composite arterial grafts and effect of native coronary flow. The Annals of thoracic surgery. 1999;68(5):1619-22.105. Royse AG, Royse CF, Raman JS. Exclusive Y graft operation for multivessel coronary revascularization. The Annals of thoracic surgery. 1999;68(5):1612-8.106. Royse CF, Royse AG, Soeding PF. Routine immediate extubation after cardiac operation: a review of our first 100 patients. The Annals of thoracic surgery. 1999;68(4):1326-9.107. Royse CF, Royse AG, Blake D, Grigg LE. Aortic valve area: measurement by transesophageal echocardiography and prediction by left ventricular outflow tract area. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia. 1999;5(3):168-73.108. Royse AG, Royse CF, Shah P, Williams A, Kaushik S, Tatoulis J. Radial artery harvest technique, use and functional outcome. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. 1999;15(2):186-93.109. Royse C, Royse A, Blake D, Grigg L. Screening the thoracic aorta for atheroma: a comparison of manual palpation, transesophageal and epiaortic ultrasonography. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia. 1998;4(6):347-50.110. Royse C, Royse A, Blake D, Grigg L. Assessment of thoracic aortic atheroma by echocardiography: a new classification and estimation of risk of dislodging atheroma during three surgical techniques. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia. 1998;4(2):72-7.111. Royse CF, Tiernan RJ, Portelli SM, Davies S, Arblaster R, Bjorksten AR, et al. The effect of supplemental oxygen on the incidence of hypoxaemia after premedication in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 1997;25(4):347-9.112. Dawson PJ, Libreri FC, Jones DJ, Libreri G, Bjorkstein AR, Royse CF. The efficacy of adding a continuous intravenous morphine infusion to patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in abdominal surgery. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 1995;23(4):453-8.113. Hebbard GS, Royse CF, Bjorksten AR. Oxygen supplementation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a comparison of two methods. Endoscopy. 1994;26(3):278-82.

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CV Colin Royse

Grants and other teaching/research incomeThe table below lists grants received.

Type of grant: CG = national competitive grant; IG = industry grant; T = teaching income

%CR = % of the grant designated for me for competitive grants. Education income is shared between myself and my laboratory co-director (Alistair Royse-AR).

Org is the organization or funding body.

[CR-PI] indicates where I am the principal investigator for the particular project.

Years

Title Org Type Amount $ %CR

2014 NHMRC NHMRC CG $709,000 10% (CIE)2014 NIH Trajectory of Recovery in the

Elderly (TORIE) NIH 1R01AG046634-01A1

NIH CG 1,000,000 5% (consultant)

2012 NMHRC grant (CIB) - The impact of anaesthesia and inflammation of cognition

NRMRC CG 280,000 40% (CIB)

2011 ANZCA Academic Enhancement Grant: The impact of anaesthesia and inflammation of cognition

ANZCA CG 90,000 100 (CIA)

2010 When is anaesthesia detrimental and when is it protective

NHF CG 124,000 50% (CIA)

2009 Quality of recovery following knee surgery

Baxter IG 189,000 100% (CR-PI)

2007 Validation of Tissue Doppler Strain against pressure volume loops in Pigs

ANZCA CG 48,000 70%

2007 A randomized trial of propofol versus desflurane on the development of cognitive decline following CABG

Baxter IG 400,000 CR-PI(70%)

2007 Investigation of the cardiovascular effects of anaesthetics using pressure volume loops

Baxter IG 80,000 CR-PI(70%)

2005 The effects of bleeding on economic cost and morbidity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

NovoNordisk

IG 50,000 CR-PI(60%)

2004 Evaluation of the Sonosite Titan portable ultrasound machine

Sono-site

IG 20,000 [CR-PI](70%)

2003 Evaluation of echocardiography indices of left ventricular function using pressure volume loops

CVL CG 25,000 50%

2003 Evaluation of levosimendan using pressure volume loops

ASA CG 40,000 80%

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CV Colin Royse

2003 Comparison of the cardiotoxic effects of bupivacaine levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in a rabbit model using pressure volume loops

CASS CG 25,000 80%

2003-2004

A randomised trial of cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery surgery

NHF CG 99,000 50%

2002 Comparison of the cardiotoxic effects of bupivacaine levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in a rabbit model using pressure volume loops

AstraZeneca

IG 20,000 [CR-PI](70%)

2002 Evaluation of left ventricular function and graft flows during of pump coronary artery surgery

Edward Dunlop

CG 15,000 [AR-PI](30%)

2002 Estimation of LVEDP using transoesophageal echocardiography

ASA CG 10,000 70%

2001 Epidural use in cardiac surgery Astrazeneca

IG 10,000 [CR-PI](80%)

2001 Validation of simple indices of left ventricular function using echocardiography

Winder-mere

CG 10,000 80%

2001 Validation of simple indices of left ventricular function using echocardiography

PerpertFound

CG 10,000 80%

2001 Validation of simple indices of left ventricular function using echocardiography

ASA CG 10,000 80%

2001 Equipment grant to purchase CFL 512 cardiac function analyser to perform pressure volume loops

UoM CG 55,000 80%

2001 Equipment grant to purchase CFL 512 cardiac function analyser

Ramma-cciotti

CG 25,000 80%

2001 Equipment grant to purchase CFL 512 cardiac function analyser

Med-tronic

IG 10,000 [CR-PI](60%)

2001 Equipment grant to purchase CFL 512 cardiac function analyser

AMC IG 5,000 [CR-PI](50%)

2000-2001

A randomised trial of epidural use in cardiac surgery

NHF CG 99,000 [CR-PI] 70%

2000 A randomised trial of epidural use in cardiac surgery

ASA CG 10,000 70%

2000 A randomised trial of epidural use in cardiac surgery

Astra Zeneca

IG 10,000 [CR-PI](70%)

1998-1999

Postgraduate research scholarship NHMRC CG 48,000 100%

National and international presentations.

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CV Colin Royse

I deliver national or international presentations > 5 time per year, with the majority ion recent years being international presentations as an invited speaker.

Presentations for the last 3 years are shown below:

1. National. Invited speaker: Postoperative Quality of Recovery - are we doing a good job? ANZCA, ASM; Perth, Australia 2012.2. National. Invited speaker: Utility of rapid scanning (goal focused) echocardiography. ANZCA ASM; Perth Austalia 2012.3. International. Invited speaker: Horses for courses: different inotropes for different disease states. Cardiothoracic & Intensive Care Symposium; Argentina 2012.4. International. Invited speaker: Basic haemodynamic state assessment. World Congress of Anesthesiology; Argentina 2012.5. International. Invited speaker: CVC-PA versus echo: Pro-con debate. World Congress of Anesthesiology; Argentina 2012.6. International. Postoperative quality of recovery: Data presentaiton from studies using the PQRS. World Congress of Anaesthesiology; Argentina 2012.7. International. Basic TEE assessment of the Mitral Valve. American Society of Anesthesiology; Chicago, USA 2012.8. International. Keynote speaker: Postoperative Quality of Recovery: the new horizon for anaestheia. 2011 International Basic and Clinical Research Forum of Anesthesia; Xian, China 2012.9. International. Invited speaker: Postoperative quality of recovery: are we doing a good job. European Society of Anaesthesia; Paris, France 2012.10. International. Invited speaker: Echo to the rescue. International Congress of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia (ICCVA); Auckland, NZ 2012.11. National. Invited speaker: Transthoracic Echocardiography in non-cardiac surgery. The ULTRA Meeting - ANZCA; Melbourne, Australia 2012.12. National. Keynote speaker: Ultrasound for everyone - how ultrasound is changing clinical practice. ANZCA ASM; Melbourne, Aust 2013.13. National. Keynote speaker: The limitations of Evidence based medicine. ANZCA ASM; Melbourne, Aust 2013.14. National. Keynote speaker: Measureing quality of recovery. ANZCA ASM; Melbourne, Australia 2013.15. International. Invited speaker: Rescue TEE. American Society of Anesthesiology; Sann Francisco, USA 2013.16. International. Invited Speaker: Focused Cardiac Ultrasound. 10th Meeting of Asian Society of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiologists; Singapore 2013.17. International. Invited Speaker: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and effects on the developing brain. European Society of Anaesthesiology; Madrid, Spain 2013.18. International. Keynote speaker: Postoperative Quality of Recovery: The new horizon in Anaesthesia practice. Annual Scientific Meeting in Anaesthesiology (Hong Kong Society of Anaesthesia); Hong Kong 2013.19. International. Keynote speaker: Ultrasound for everyone - the new horizon for anaestehsia practice. Annual Scientific Meeting in Anaesthesiology (Hong Kong Society of Anaesthesia) 2013.20. International. Keynote speaker: Ultrasound para todos - how ultrasound is changing clincal practice. Congreso Chileno de Anesthsiologica; Chile 2013.

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CV Colin Royse

21. International. Keynote speaker: Postoperative Quality of Recovery scale: Hacia un Nuevo Score de Alta Post Anestesia. Congreso Chileno de Anesthsiologica; Chile 2013.22. International. Invited speaker: Should basic TEE be in the core curriculum of anesthesiology residency training? American Society of Anesthesiology; New Orleans, USA 2014.23. International. Keynote speaker: Ultrasound for everyone –the new horizon for anesthesia and critical care practice. The 5th Visual Technology Medical Conference in Anaesthesia/Pain/Critical Care/Emergency; China 2014.24. International. Grand Round: Postoperative Quality of Recovery: The new horizon in anaesthesia practice. Grand Round; Mt Sanai, New York, USA 2014.25. International. Keynote speaker: Ultrasound for everyone –the new horizon for clinical ultrasound. 14th Annual Scientific Session of Chinese Society of Ultrasound in Medicine Suzhou, China 2014.26. International. Invited speaker: Ultrasound for everyone –the new horizon for anesthesia and critical care practice. Chinese Society of Anesthesiology annual scientific meeting; Chengdu, China 2014.27. International. Keynote speaker: Estimating ventricular volume. 11th Annual International Symposium on Ultrasound and Regional Anesthesia 2014; Toronto, Canada 2014.28. International. Keynote speaker: Perioperative TTE applications in anesthesia and critical care practice. 11th Annual International Symposium on Ultrasound and Regional Anesthesia 2014; Toronto, Canada 2014.29. International. Invited Speaker: Outcomes for the Anaesthetist. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery; Valencia, Spain 2014.

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