CONTENTSUnit Grammar focus Vocabulary Skills Pronunciation TaskLanguage live/World cultureStudy, Practice & Remember01LEISURE AND SPORT page 06Revision of questionsPresent simple and frequency phrasesLeisure activitiesSports and gamesReading: New ways with old sportsStress in questions Do a 60-second interviewPreparation: ReadingTask: SpeakingWorld cultureVideo and research: Unusual sportsStudy & Practice 1, page 138Study & Practice 2, page 138Remember these words, page 13902FIRSTS AND LASTS page 16 Past simple positive and negativePast simple questions Time phrases: at, on, in, agoWords to describe feelingsReading: Firsts in television technology-ed endings (past forms)was and wereStress on adjectivesIntonation in questionsDescribe a rst or last time Preparation: ListeningTask: SpeakingLanguage liveSpeaking: Travel questionsWriting: A narrativeStudy & Practice 1, page 140Study & Practice 2, page 140Remember these words, page 14103WORK AND RESTpage 24should, shouldntcan, cant, have to, dont have toDaily routinesJobsReading: Short sleeper or long sleeper: Which is healthier? Listening: An unusual jobshould and shouldntcan, cant and have toDecide on the best job Preparation: ListeningTask: SpeakingWorld cultureVideo and research: Amazing trainsStudy & Practice 1, page 142Study & Practice 2, page 142Remember these words, page 14304SPECIAL DAYS page 32Present simple and Present continuousPresent continuous for future arrangementsVerb phrases for special daysDescriptive adjectivesReading: Special days around the world Reading: Do something funny for moneyListening: New Year celebrationsStress on months and datesIntonation on phrases for special daysDescribe your special days Preparation: Listening Task: SpeakingLanguage liveSpeaking: Phrases for special daysWriting: An invitationStudy & Practice 1, page 144Study & Practice 2, page 144Remember these words, page 14505YOUR LOOKpage 42Comparative and superlative adjectivesQuestions with How, What and What like?Physical appearanceParts of the bodyReading: Physical appearanceListening: Special clothesWeak forms of prepositionsVowel sounds and silent lettersStress on content words in questionsDo a survey about image Preparation: ReadingTask: SpeakingWorld cultureVideo and research: City of street styleStudy & Practice 1, page 146Study & Practice 2, page 146Remember these words, page 14706GOING AWAYpage 52Plans and intentionsPredictions with will and wontGoing on holidayDescribing holidaysReading: On The Move Holidayswill/ll and would/dIntonation in making requestsChoose a holidayPreparation: Reading and listeningTask: SpeakingLanguage liveSpeaking: Making requests and asking for permissionWriting: A postcardStudy & Practice 1, page 148Study & Practice 2, page 148Remember these words, page 14907SUCCESSpage 60Present perfect and Past simple with forPresent perfect and Past simple with other time wordsVerb phrases about ambitionsThe internetReading: Top ve secrets of success Reading: Amazing achievementsListening: Finding fame on the internetfor and have Talk about your ambitions Preparation: Reading and listeningTask: SpeakingWorld cultureVideo and research: Success storiesStudy & Practice 1, page 150Study & Practice 2, page 150Remember these words, page 151Study, Practice, Remember page 138, Audio scripts page 166, Irregular verb list page 175CUTTING EDGE_PRE_INT_Content, 04.indd 2-3 21/09/2012 09:34CONTENTSUnit Grammar focus Vocabulary Skills Pronunciation TaskLanguage live/World cultureStudy, Practice & Remember01LEISURE AND SPORT page 06Revision of questionsPresent simple and frequency phrasesLeisure activitiesSports and gamesReading: New ways with old sportsStress in questions Do a 60-second interviewPreparation: ReadingTask: SpeakingWorld cultureVideo and research: Unusual sportsStudy & Practice 1, page 138Study & Practice 2, page 138Remember these words, page 13902FIRSTS AND LASTS page 16 Past simple positive and negativePast simple questions Time phrases: at, on, in, agoWords to describe feelingsReading: Firsts in television technology-ed endings (past forms)was and wereStress on adjectivesIntonation in questionsDescribe a rst or last time Preparation: ListeningTask: SpeakingLanguage liveSpeaking: Travel questionsWriting: A narrativeStudy & Practice 1, page 140Study & Practice 2, page 140Remember these words, page 14103WORK AND RESTpage 24should, shouldntcan, cant, have to, dont have toDaily routinesJobsReading: Short sleeper or long sleeper: Which is healthier? Listening: An unusual jobshould and shouldntcan, cant and have toDecide on the best job Preparation: ListeningTask: SpeakingWorld cultureVideo and research: Amazing trainsStudy & Practice 1, page 142Study & Practice 2, page 142Remember these words, page 14304SPECIAL DAYS page 32Present simple and Present continuousPresent continuous for future arrangementsVerb phrases for special daysDescriptive adjectivesReading: Special days around the world Reading: Do something funny for moneyListening: New Year celebrationsStress on months and datesIntonation on phrases for special daysDescribe your special days Preparation: Listening Task: SpeakingLanguage liveSpeaking: Phrases for special daysWriting: An invitationStudy & Practice 1, page 144Study & Practice 2, page 144Remember these words, page 14505YOUR LOOKpage 42Comparative and superlative adjectivesQuestions with How, What and What like?Physical appearanceParts of the bodyReading: Physical appearanceListening: Special clothesWeak forms of prepositionsVowel sounds and silent lettersStress on content words in questionsDo a survey about image Preparation: ReadingTask: SpeakingWorld cultureVideo and research: City of street styleStudy & Practice 1, page 146Study & Practice 2, page 146Remember these words, page 14706GOING AWAYpage 52Plans and intentionsPredictions with will and wontGoing on holidayDescribing holidaysReading: On The Move Holidayswill/ll and would/dIntonation in making requestsChoose a holidayPreparation: Reading and listeningTask: SpeakingLanguage liveSpeaking: Making requests and asking for permissionWriting: A postcardStudy & Practice 1, page 148Study & Practice 2, page 148Remember these words, page 14907SUCCESSpage 60Present perfect and Past simple with forPresent perfect and Past simple with other time wordsVerb phrases about ambitionsThe internetReading: Top ve secrets of success Reading: Amazing achievementsListening: Finding fame on the internetfor and have Talk about your ambitions Preparation: Reading and listeningTask: SpeakingWorld cultureVideo and research: Success storiesStudy & Practice 1, page 150Study & Practice 2, page 150Remember these words, page 151Study, Practice, Remember page 138, Audio scripts page 166, Irregular verb list page 175CUTTING EDGE_PRE_INT_Content, 04.indd 2-3 21/09/2012 09:34CONTENTSUnit Grammar focus Vocabulary Skills Pronunciation TaskLanguage live/World cultureStudy, Practice & Remember08PLACES TO LIVEpage 70Using articlesQuantiers with countable and uncountable nounsCity lifeGeographical featuresReading: Top 5 most extreme places to live in the world!The letter iIntonation in asking for and giving directionsGive a talk about Canada Preparation: Reading and listeningTask: SpeakingLanguage liveSpeaking: Asking for and giving directionsWriting: DirectionsStudy & Practice 1, page 152Study & Practice 2, page 152Remember these words, page 15309OLD AND NEWpage 78 may, might, will denitely, etc.Present tense after if, when and other time wordsModern equipmentAdjectives for describing placesReading: What was life like one hundred years ago?Listening: How to clean a house in three minutesStress in compound nouns Plan a caf makeover Preparation: Reading and listeningTask: SpeakingWorld culture:Video and research: Green citiesStudy & Practice 1, page 154Study & Practice 2, page 154Remember these words, page 15510TAKE CARE page 88Past continuous used toAccidents and injuriesFeeling illReading: Dirt is good for youused to and didnt use toIntonation in questions at the doctorsChoose the funniest storyPreparation: Reading Task: SpeakingLanguage liveSpeaking: Talking about healthWriting: Time words in a narrativeStudy & Practice 1, page 156Study & Practice 2, page 156Remember these words, page 15711THE BEST THINGSpage 96like and would likeConditional sentences with wouldAdjectives with dependent prepositionsSurvival itemsReading: The best things in life!Intonation in invitations Take part in a survey Preparation: ReadingTask: SpeakingWorld cultureVideo and research: White goldStudy & Practice 1, page 158Study & Practice 2, page 158Remember these words, page 15912BRAND NEW page 106Present simple passivePast simple passiveTypes of productsPersonal itemsReading: What makes a good brand great?Regular past participlesIntonation in making and responding to suggestionsPresent a new product Preparation: Reading and listeningTask: SpeakingLanguage liveSpeaking: Making and responding to suggestionsWriting: A customer reviewStudy & Practice 1, page 160Study & Practice 2, page 160Remember these words, page 16113THE RIGHT PERSON page 114Present perfect continuous with how long, for and sincePresent perfect continuous and Present perfect simplePersonal characteristicsGetting a jobReading: Finding Mr Right Contracted forms (Present perfect continuous)Choose an ambassadorPreparation: ReadingTask: SpeakingWorld cultureVideo and research: The search for coolStudy & Practice 1, page 162Study & Practice 2, page 162Remember these words, page 16314MONEY page 124Past perfectNarrative tenses reviewMoneyVerbs and phrases about money Reading: Money movies NumbersIntonations in requestsTell a story from pictures Preparation: ReadingTask: SpeakingLanguage liveSpeaking: Dealing with moneyWriting: An essay expressing your opinionStudy & Practice 1, page 164Study & Practice 2, page 164Remember these words, page 165Study, Practice, Remember page 138, Audio scripts page 166, Irregular verb list page 175CUTTING EDGE_PRE_INT_Content, 04.indd 4-5 21/09/2012 09:34CONTENTSUnit Grammar focus Vocabulary Skills Pronunciation TaskLanguage live/World cultureStudy, Practice & Remember08PLACES TO LIVEpage 70Using articlesQuantiers with countable and uncountable nounsCity lifeGeographical featuresReading: Top 5 most extreme places to live in the world!The letter iIntonation in asking for and giving directionsGive a talk about Canada Preparation: Reading and listeningTask: SpeakingLanguage liveSpeaking: Asking for and giving directionsWriting: DirectionsStudy & Practice 1, page 152Study & Practice 2, page 152Remember these words, page 15309OLD AND NEWpage 78 may, might, will denitely, etc.Present tense after if, when and other time wordsModern equipmentAdjectives for describing placesReading: What was life like one hundred years ago?Listening: How to clean a house in three minutesStress in compound nouns Plan a caf makeover Preparation: Reading and listeningTask: SpeakingWorld culture:Video and research: Green citiesStudy & Practice 1, page 154Study & Practice 2, page 154Remember these words, page 15510TAKE CARE page 88Past continuous used toAccidents and injuriesFeeling illReading: Dirt is good for youused to and didnt use toIntonation in questions at the doctorsChoose the funniest storyPreparation: Reading Task: SpeakingLanguage liveSpeaking: Talking about healthWriting: Time words in a narrativeStudy & Practice 1, page 156Study & Practice 2, page 156Remember these words, page 15711THE BEST THINGSpage 96like and would likeConditional sentences with wouldAdjectives with dependent prepositionsSurvival itemsReading: The best things in life!Intonation in invitations Take part in a survey Preparation: ReadingTask: SpeakingWorld cultureVideo and research: White goldStudy & Practice 1, page 158Study & Practice 2, page 158Remember these words, page 15912BRAND NEW page 106Present simple passivePast simple passiveTypes of productsPersonal itemsReading: What makes a good brand great?Regular past participlesIntonation in making and responding to suggestionsPresent a new product Preparation: Reading and listeningTask: SpeakingLanguage liveSpeaking: Making and responding to suggestionsWriting: A customer reviewStudy & Practice 1, page 160Study & Practice 2, page 160Remember these words, page 16113THE RIGHT PERSON page 114Present perfect continuous with how long, for and sincePresent perfect continuous and Present perfect simplePersonal characteristicsGetting a jobReading: Finding Mr Right Contracted forms (Present perfect continuous)Choose an ambassadorPreparation: ReadingTask: SpeakingWorld cultureVideo and research: The search for coolStudy & Practice 1, page 162Study & Practice 2, page 162Remember these words, page 16314MONEY page 124Past perfectNarrative tenses reviewMoneyVerbs and phrases about money Reading: Money movies NumbersIntonations in requestsTell a story from pictures Preparation: ReadingTask: SpeakingLanguage liveSpeaking: Dealing with moneyWriting: An essay expressing your opinionStudy & Practice 1, page 164Study & Practice 2, page 164Remember these words, page 165Study, Practice, Remember page 138, Audio scripts page 166, Irregular verb list page 175CUTTING EDGE_PRE_INT_Content, 04.indd 4-5 21/09/2012 09:34KEY FACTSIN THIS UNIT75aWork in pairs. Ask and answer questions using the verbs in exercise 1a. Make a list of three activities your partner does and three activities he/she doesnt do.01LEISURE AND SPORTGrammar: Revision of questions; Present simple and frequency phrasesVocabulary: Leisure activities; Sports and gamesTask: Do a 60-second interviewWorld culture: tbc Speaking and vocabulary Leisure activities 1aWork in pairs and discuss. Which activities in the box can you see in the photos? Which activities do you do every day? go to the cinemalisten to the radiowatch live musicgo out with friends use the internetplay computer games listen to musicplay a musical instrument go to the gymgo to evening classesplay sportwatch TV b1.1Listen to the phrases. Practise saying them aloud. 2Read the results of the leisure time survey and answer the questions. 1Where was the survey? 2What is it about? 3a1.2Listen to a radio news report about the results of the survey. Before you listen, try to guess where the numbers in the box go in the survey. 102330324287 bListen again and check your answers. Then work in pairs and compare your answers. 4Jay and Tina both took part in the leisure time survey. Complete what they say with the correct verbs from exercise 1a. JAY My computer is very important for me. Im a student at Manchester University, so I 1 the internet a lot for my studies and my friends and I2a lot of computer games. I dont 3 any sport. I4 to evening classes twice a week; its a course on Computer Skills. On other nights, I5 out with friends we usually 6 to the cinema. TINA Im a professional musician, so music is my life! I 7 to the radio nearly all day mainly classical or jazz. When I8 TV, its always a music channel. I even9 to music when I10 to the gym! I11 the piano and the saxophone. And I 12 a lot of live music in my free time. bCompare your ideas. What are the most popular leisure activities? What other things do people do in their free time? In our online poll, we asked 1,000 young adults aged between 16 and 24 How do you spend your free time? Here are the results: 1 percent of young adults use the internet every day. The most popular leisure activity is going to the cinema:2 percent say it is their favourite evening activity. 82 percent of people say they watch TV for more than3 hours a week, but only 4percent listen to the radio. 38 percent of young people watch live music, but only5 percent can play a musical instrument. Only6 percent of young adults play sport. Football, swimming and cycling are the most popular sports. No, I dont. How about you?Do you go to evening classes? Yes, I do I study English!Do you play a musical instrument?6 LEISURE TIME SURVEY OF YOUNG ADULTS IN THE UK 7CUTTING EDGE_PRE_INT_UNIT01_5.indd 6-7 10/08/2012 16:45KEY FACTSIN THIS UNIT75aWork in pairs. Ask and answer questions using the verbs in exercise 1a. Make a list of three activities your partner does and three activities he/she doesnt do.01LEISURE AND SPORTGrammar: Revision of questions; Present simple and frequency phrasesVocabulary: Leisure activities; Sports and gamesTask: Do a 60-second interviewWorld culture: tbc Speaking and vocabulary Leisure activities 1aWork in pairs and discuss. Which activities in the box can you see in the photos? Which activities do you do every day? go to the cinemalisten to the radiowatch live musicgo out with friends use the internetplay computer games listen to musicplay a musical instrument go to the gymgo to evening classesplay sportwatch TV b1.1Listen to the phrases. Practise saying them aloud. 2Read the results of the leisure time survey and answer the questions. 1Where was the survey? 2What is it about? 3a1.2Listen to a radio news report about the results of the survey. Before you listen, try to guess where the numbers in the box go in the survey. 102330324287 bListen again and check your answers. Then work in pairs and compare your answers. 4Jay and Tina both took part in the leisure time survey. Complete what they say with the correct verbs from exercise 1a. JAY My computer is very important for me. Im a student at Manchester University, so I 1 the internet a lot for my studies and my friends and I2a lot of computer games. I dont 3 any sport. I4 to evening classes twice a week; its a course on Computer Skills. On other nights, I5 out with friends we usually 6 to the cinema. TINA Im a professional musician, so music is my life! I 7 to the radio nearly all day mainly classical or jazz. When I8 TV, its always a music channel. I even9 to music when I10 to the gym! I11 the piano and the saxophone. And I 12 a lot of live music in my free time. bCompare your ideas. What are the most popular leisure activities? What other things do people do in their free time? In our online poll, we asked 1,000 young adults aged between 16 and 24 How do you spend your free time? Here are the results: 1 percent of young adults use the internet every day. The most popular leisure activity is going to the cinema:2 percent say it is their favourite evening activity. 82 percent of people say they watch TV for more than3 hours a week, but only 4percent listen to the radio. 38 percent of young people watch live music, but only5 percent can play a musical instrument. Only6 percent of young adults play sport. Football, swimming and cycling are the most popular sports. No, I dont. How about you?Do you go to evening classes? Yes, I do I study English!Do you play a musical instrument?6 LEISURE TIME SURVEY OF YOUNG ADULTS IN THE UK 7CUTTING EDGE_PRE_INT_UNIT01_5.indd 6-7 10/08/2012 16:45 31.3 Listen and check your answers. How many questions did you answer correctly? PRACTICE 1Match questions 14 with answers ad in parts A, B and C below. A 1 When do you play football ? 2 Whodo you play football with ? 3 Where do you play football ? 4 Why do you play football ? aMy friends from college. bOn Sunday mornings. cBecause its fun and its good exercise. dIn the local park. B 1 How often do you have English lessons ? 2 How long are the lessons ? 3 Which days do you havelessons ? 4 How many teachers do you have ? aTwo. bTwice a week. cTuesdays and Thursdays. d90 minutes. C 1 What time is it? 2 What time does the train leave ? 3 What day is it? 4 What date is it today ?a16th May. bMonday. cNearly three oclock. dFive forty-ve. GRAMMAR Question words 1 Look at the question words in bold in exercise 2. Which question word(s) do we use to talk about: 1a person?who 2a place? 3a thing?/ 4a time? 5the reason for doing something? 6the way you do something? 7a period of time? 8the number of times you do something? 9the class or type of thing? 10the number of people or things? Word order in questions 2 Put the words in the correct order to make questions. 1good at / Is / James / playing chess ? 2computer games / play / your friends / Do ? 3start / the game / does / When ? 3Write the questions for the answers below. I get up at seven oclock at the weekend. What time do you get up at the weekend? 1I get up at six oclock in the week . 2I go to the cinemaonce a month . 3I come to school by bus . 4My birthday is in August . 5 I play basketball 6My favourite colour isblue . 7There are ve people in my family. 8My journey to school takes about half an hour . 9Id like to visitIndia and Australia . 10I likerock and jazz . 4Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the questions in exercises 2 and 3. PRONUNCIATION 11.4 Look at the list of questions in exercise 1. Notice the words which are stressed (these are in bold). Listen and practise the stressed words. 21.5 Listen and practise saying the complete questions.Unit 1, Study & Practice 1, page 138Because I always go to the gym before breakfast.Seven oclock! Why do you get up so early?About seven oclock.What time do you get up at the weekend?01 When was the rstMario Brothers computer game?02 Who starts in a game of chess: the black player or the white player? 03 What are marbles usually made of? 04 Where did the game Mah-jong originate?05 What kind of game is Snakes and Ladders?06 Why are there 52 cards in a normal pack? 07 How do you do a Sudoku puzzle? 08 What colour are the pieces on a backgammon board normally? 09 Which two letters have the highest score in the English version of Scrabble?10 How many spots are there on a dice? 11 How often do the World Dominoes Championships take place? 12 How long does an average game of Monopoly last? 01 Leisure and sport Grammar focus 1 Revision of questions 1Work in pairs. Look at the games in the photos and discuss the questions. Which are board games? Which are puzzles? Which do children often play? Which have the same name in your language? Which of the games do you play? Which are your favourites? Why? Which of these do you usually prefer? Why? word games (e.g. Scrabble)? number games (e.g. Sudoku)? games of strategy (e.g. chess)? games of chance (e.g. Snakes and Ladders)? What other games like these do you play? 2Work in pairs. Read the games quiz and try to answer as many questions as you can in ve minutes. If you dont know the answer, try to guess. 2Complete the questions. 1Whereyou live? 2Who do you live? 3Howdo you drink coffee? 4Whatyour favourite food? 5When dohave lunch? 6you watch TV a lot? 7many pets have you got? 8you speak French? 9would you like to do this weekend? 10What timeit now? GAMESQUIZIT'S A FACT!The longest recorded game of Monopoly is 1,680 hours thats 70 days!89CUTTING EDGE_PRE_INT_UNIT01_5.indd 8-9 10/08/2012 16:45 31.3 Listen and check your answers. How many questions did you answer correctly? PRACTICE 1Match questions 14 with answers ad in parts A, B and C below. A 1 When do you play football ? 2 Whodo you play football with ? 3 Where do you play football ? 4 Why do you play football ? aMy friends from college. bOn Sunday mornings. cBecause its fun and its good exercise. dIn the local park. B 1 How often do you have English lessons ? 2 How long are the lessons ? 3 Which days do you havelessons ? 4 How many teachers do you have ? aTwo. bTwice a week. cTuesdays and Thursdays. d90 minutes. C 1 What time is it? 2 What time does the train leave ? 3 What day is it? 4 What date is it today ?a16th May. bMonday. cNearly three oclock. dFive forty-ve. GRAMMAR Question words 1 Look at the question words in bold in exercise 2. Which question word(s) do we use to talk about: 1a person?who 2a place? 3a thing?/ 4a time? 5the reason for doing something? 6the way you do something? 7a period of time? 8the number of times you do something? 9the class or type of thing? 10the number of people or things? Word order in questions 2 Put the words in the correct order to make questions. 1good at / Is / James / playing chess ? 2computer games / play / your friends / Do ? 3start / the game / does / When ? 3Write the questions for the answers below. I get up at seven oclock at the weekend. What time do you get up at the weekend? 1I get up at six oclock in the week . 2I go to the cinemaonce a month . 3I come to school by bus . 4My birthday is in August . 5 I play basketball 6My favourite colour isblue . 7There are ve people in my family. 8My journey to school takes about half an hour . 9Id like to visitIndia and Australia . 10I likerock and jazz . 4Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the questions in exercises 2 and 3. PRONUNCIATION 11.4 Look at the list of questions in exercise 1. Notice the words which are stressed (these are in bold). Listen and practise the stressed words. 21.5 Listen and practise saying the complete questions.Unit 1, Study & Practice 1, page 138Because I always go to the gym before breakfast.Seven oclock! Why do you get up so early?About seven oclock.What time do you get up at the weekend?01 When was the rstMario Brothers computer game?02 Who starts in a game of chess: the black player or the white player? 03 What are marbles usually made of? 04 Where did the game Mah-jong originate?05 What kind of game is Snakes and Ladders?06 Why are there 52 cards in a normal pack? 07 How do you do a Sudoku puzzle? 08 What colour are the pieces on a backgammon board normally? 09 Which two letters have the highest score in the English version of Scrabble?10 How many spots are there on a dice? 11 How often do the World Dominoes Championships take place? 12 How long does an average game of Monopoly last? 01 Leisure and sport Grammar focus 1 Revision of questions 1Work in pairs. Look at the games in the photos and discuss the questions. Which are board games? Which are puzzles? Which do children often play? Which have the same name in your language? Which of the games do you play? Which are your favourites? Why? Which of these do you usually prefer? Why? word games (e.g. Scrabble)? number games (e.g. Sudoku)? games of strategy (e.g. chess)? games of chance (e.g. Snakes and Ladders)? What other games like these do you play? 2Work in pairs. Read the games quiz and try to answer as many questions as you can in ve minutes. If you dont know the answer, try to guess. 2Complete the questions. 1Whereyou live? 2Who do you live? 3Howdo you drink coffee? 4Whatyour favourite food? 5When dohave lunch? 6you watch TV a lot? 7many pets have you got? 8you speak French? 9would you like to do this weekend? 10What timeit now? GAMESQUIZIT'S A FACT!The longest recorded game of Monopoly is 1,680 hours thats 70 days!89CUTTING EDGE_PRE_INT_UNIT01_5.indd 8-9 10/08/2012 16:4501 Leisure and sport 1 WII SPORTS Nintendos Wii Sports is the best-selling computer game of all time. You can play tennis, baseball or golf, go bowling or do boxing. You dont run around or get tired, however. You do everything by moving your arm and pressing a button on your games console. Its also a good social activity and many people organise gaming parties with their friends. But there is a downside; at least ten people in the UK injure themselves playing Wii Sports every week and have to go to hospital. There are also hundreds of cases of broken furniture, broken windows and injured pets! Some people call this new 21st century problem Wii-it-is. 2 DISC GOLF The game of golf is more than 250 years old. But for the 21st century version of the game, you dont need any expensive special equipment. Players dont hit a ball; they throw a plastic disc towards the hole which is actually a metal basket. The winner is the player who reaches the hole with the lowest number of throws. More than half a million people around the world now play the game. There are more than 1,000 disc golf coursesin 40 countries many of them in public parks. Its a great way to get exercise in the fresh air. 3 FREESTYLE FOOTBALL In Freestyle football there are no teams, you dont kick the ball, and you never score a goal. Freestyle footballers try to keep the ball in the air using any part of their body. Some people describe it as a mixture of breakdancing and football. Judges give points for ball control and original moves. John Farnworth, from Lancashire in the north of England, was the worlds rst Freestyle champion: in 2011 he ran the London Marathon (42 km) in 12 hours 15 minutes, keeping a ball in the air all the way! Yu-na Kim, world champion ice-skater from Bucheon, South Korea Reading and vocabulary Sports and games 1Work in pairs and make a list of six sports that are popular in your country.Which sports do you play? Which ones do you watch? 2Read the article and answer the questions. Which sport: 1is good for playing with friends? 2can you play in a park? 3do you do on your own? 4is similar to dancing in some ways? 5is likely to result in injuries? 6can you play in many different countries? 3aComplete the questions below with one word. 1s the name of the worlds best-selling computer game? 2do you hit the ball when you play Wii-tennis? 3old is the game of golf? 4How Disc Golf courses are there in the world? 5is John Farnworth? 6long did it take John Farnworth to run the London Marathon? bWork in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the questions using the phrases in the box. by moving your arm and pressing a buttonmore than 1,000 hes a freestyle football champion12 hours 15 minutesWii Sports250 years old 4Look at the words in the box and put them into three groups: things you need, verbs and people. ballracketgames consoleequipment hitthrowwinnerplayer teamkickscorechampion 5Work in pairs and discuss. Which of the three sports do you think is the most difcult / least difcult? Why? What other unusual sports do you know? Grammar focus 2 Present simple and frequency phrases 1Work in pairs. Look at the photos of two sports people and guess who: 1swims for at least ve hours every day. 2is a Goodwill ambassador for UNICEF, the World Childrens Charity. 3has 4 million followers on Twitter. 4consumes 12,000 calories a day, and often eats burgers and other fast food. 5makes pop records. 6gets up at 5 a.m. to go to the swimming pool. 7weighs 100 kg. 8has the nickname The Fish. 9lives in Los Angeles, California. 10earns about $10 million a year. 21.6 Listen and check your answers. Whose life do you think is more interesting? Why? GRAMMAR Present simple 1Which of the following examples describes: a habit ? something that is always true ?1 He trains for ve to six hours every day. 2 She comes from Bucheon, South Korea. 2Put each sentence into: the question form the negative form Frequency phrases 3Underline the phrases below which answer the question How often ? Where in the sentences do the phrases go? 1 He sometimes eats burgers and other fast food.2 She often gives money to charities.3 He does at least ve hours of training every day.4 She has English classes three times a week. 4Number these words from 1 (most often) to 6 (least often). sometimesoftenusuallyalways neveroccasionally PRACTICE 1Write the frequency phrases in brackets in the correct place in the sentences. 1Michael sends messages on Twitter. (ve or six times a day) 2He swims for ve or six hours.(every day) 3He misses breakfast. (never) 4He goes to fast food restaurants. (sometimes) 5He goes to the swimming pool in the mornings. (always) 6Yu-na works for childrens charities. (often) 7She studies English. (three times a week) 8She eats fast food. (never) 9She skates for several hours. (every morning) 10She sings in English. (occasionally) 2aComplete the sentences with a frequency phrase in the box below to make them true for you. alwaysoccasionallysometimesusuallyneverevery day/week/month/year/two years, etc.once/twice/three times a day/week/month/year Isometimes watch TV in bed. 1I go out with my friends. 2I am late for school/work. 3I play games on my phone. 4I listen to the radio in the morning. 5I go to the opera. 6I watch TV in the afternoon. 7I go to bed after midnight. bWork in pairs and compare your answers. Unit 1, Study & Practice 2, page 138139 Michael Phelps, world champion swimmer from Baltimore, USA NEW WAYS WITH OLD SPORTS Can you play golf without a ball? Or tennis without a tennis racket? These days the answer is Yes you can. Here are some 21st century ways of playing our favourite traditional sports.

11CUTTING EDGE_PRE_INT_UNIT01_5.indd 10-11 10/08/2012 16:4501 Leisure and sport 1 WII SPORTS Nintendos Wii Sports is the best-selling computer game of all time. You can play tennis, baseball or golf, go bowling or do boxing. You dont run around or get tired, however. You do everything by moving your arm and pressing a button on your games console. Its also a good social activity and many people organise gaming parties with their friends. But there is a downside; at least ten people in the UK injure themselves playing Wii Sports every week and have to go to hospital. There are also hundreds of cases of broken furniture, broken windows and injured pets! Some people call this new 21st century problem Wii-it-is. 2 DISC GOLF The game of golf is more than 250 years old. But for the 21st century version of the game, you dont need any expensive special equipment. Players dont hit a ball; they throw a plastic disc towards the hole which is actually a metal basket. The winner is the player who reaches the hole with the lowest number of throws. More than half a million people around the world now play the game. There are more than 1,000 disc golf coursesin 40 countries many of them in public parks. Its a great way to get exercise in the fresh air. 3 FREESTYLE FOOTBALL In Freestyle football there are no teams, you dont kick the ball, and you never score a goal. Freestyle footballers try to keep the ball in the air using any part of their body. Some people describe it as a mixture of breakdancing and football. Judges give points for ball control and original moves. John Farnworth, from Lancashire in the north of England, was the worlds rst Freestyle champion: in 2011 he ran the London Marathon (42 km) in 12 hours 15 minutes, keeping a ball in the air all the way! Yu-na Kim, world champion ice-skater from Bucheon, South Korea Reading and vocabulary Sports and games 1Work in pairs and make a list of six sports that are popular in your country. Which sports do you play? Which ones do you watch? 2Read the article and answer the questions. Which sport: 1is good for playing with friends? 2can you play in a park? 3do you do on your own? 4is similar to dancing in some ways? 5is likely to result in injuries? 6can you play in many different countries? 3aComplete the questions below with one word. 1s the name of the worlds best-selling computer game? 2do you hit the ball when you play Wii-tennis? 3old is the game of golf? 4How Disc Golf courses are there in the world? 5is John Farnworth? 6long did it take John Farnworth to run the London Marathon? bWork in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the questions using the phrases in the box. by moving your arm and pressing a buttonmore than 1,000 hes a freestyle football champion12 hours 15 minutesWii Sports250 years old 4Look at the words in the box and put them into three groups: things you need, verbs and people. ballracketgames consoleequipment hitthrowwinnerplayer teamkickscorechampion 5Work in pairs and discuss. Which of the three sports do you think is the most difcult / least difcult? Why? What other unusual sports do you know? Grammar focus 2 Present simple and frequency phrases 1Work in pairs. Look at the photos of two sports people and guess who: 1swims for at least ve hours every day. 2is a Goodwill ambassador for UNICEF, the World Childrens Charity. 3has 4 million followers on Twitter. 4consumes 12,000 calories a day, and often eats burgers and other fast food. 5makes pop records. 6gets up at 5 a.m. to go to the swimming pool. 7weighs 100 kg. 8has the nickname The Fish. 9lives in Los Angeles, California. 10earns about $10 million a year. 21.6 Listen and check your answers. Whose life do you think is more interesting? Why? GRAMMAR Present simple 1Which of the following examples describes: a habit ? something that is always true ?1 He trains for ve to six hours every day. 2 She comes from Bucheon, South Korea. 2Put each sentence into: the question form the negative form Frequency phrases 3Underline the phrases below which answer the question How often ? Where in the sentences do the phrases go? 1 He sometimes eats burgers and other fast food.2 She often gives money to charities.3 He does at least ve hours of training every day.4 She has English classes three times a week. 4Number these words from 1 (most often) to 6 (least often). sometimesoftenusuallyalways neveroccasionally PRACTICE 1Write the frequency phrases in brackets in the correct place in the sentences. 1Michael sends messages on Twitter. (ve or six times a day) 2He swims for ve or six hours.(every day) 3He misses breakfast. (never) 4He goes to fast food restaurants. (sometimes) 5He goes to the swimming pool in the mornings. (always) 6Yu-na works for childrens charities. (often) 7She studies English. (three times a week) 8She eats fast food. (never) 9She skates for several hours. (every morning) 10She sings in English. (occasionally) 2aComplete the sentences with a frequency phrase in the box below to make them true for you. alwaysoccasionallysometimesusuallyneverevery day/week/month/year/two years, etc.once/twice/three times a day/week/month/year Isometimes watch TV in bed. 1I go out with my friends. 2I am late for school/work. 3I play games on my phone. 4I listen to the radio in the morning. 5I go to the opera. 6I watch TV in the afternoon. 7I go to bed after midnight. bWork in pairs and compare your answers. Unit 1, Study & Practice 2, page 138139 Michael Phelps, world champion swimmer from Baltimore, USA NEW WAYS WITH OLD SPORTS Can you play golf without a ball? Or tennis without a tennis racket? These days the answer is Yes you can. Here are some 21st century ways of playing our favourite traditional sports.

11CUTTING EDGE_PRE_INT_UNIT01_5.indd 10-11 10/08/2012 16:4512 12SHARE YOUR TASK Practise your interview questions until you feel condent . Film/Record yourself interviewing your partner. Share your lm/recording with other students .13TaskDo a 60-second interview {reuse} Share your task banner photo Preparation Reading 1aWork in pairs and look at the photos. Do you know who the woman is? Why do you think shes famous? bWork in pairs and write ve questions to nd out more about Freida Pinto. Where was she born? Is she an actress? cRead the 60-second interview with Freida Pinto and nd the answers to your questions. 2Work in pairs and answer the questions. 1What is the most interesting thing you learnt from the interview? 2Have you seen any of her lms? 3What do you have in common with Freida Pinto? 3a 1.7 Listen to two students, Marek and Laura, doing a 60-second interview. Tick the questions you hear in the Useful language box. How many questions does Marek ask? bListen again and make a note of Lauras answers. Q1

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Q12 USEFUL LANGUAGE a Asking about basic personal information Whats your (full name)? When/Where (were you born)? Where do you (live / work / go to school)? b Asking about interests and family What do you (do in your free time)? Have you got (a nickname / any pets / anybrothers and sisters)? Are you (scared of anything / interested incooking)? Who is your (favourite actor/singer/hero)? What is your (favourite possession / favouriteweather)? Tell me about your (family/hobbies). c Asking about the future What are (your ambitions for the future)? TaskSpeaking 1You are going to interview each other. First, decide on 12 questions you want to ask, using the Freida Pinto interview and the Useful language box to help you. You can also add questions of your own. Ask your teacher for any words/phrases you need. 2Then, spend some time preparing your answers to the questions in the Useful language box. Look at the answers in the Freida Pinto interview to help you and ask your teacher for any words/phrases you need. > Useful language a, b and c 3Work in pairs and take turns to interview each other. Make brief notes of the answers. Check the time at the beginning of the interview and try to complete it in exactly 60 seconds. Q1 Whats your full name? Freida Pinto. Q2 Have you got a nickname? Fro . Q3 Where and when were you born? On 18thOctober 1984, in Mumbai, India . Q4 Tell me about your family. My mother, Sylvia, is a head teacher at a high school and my father, Frederick, is a bank manager. Ive also got an older sister, Sharon. She works for a TV news company. Shes my best friend. Q5 What was your frst acting job? In 2008, I played Latika in the lmSlumdog Millionaire . I dont have any acting training so I did a three-month acting course to prepare for the lm. My other lms includeTrishna, You will meet a tall dark stranger, Miral, Rise of the Planet of the ApesandImmortals. Freida Pinto60-SECONDinterview with Q6 Where do you live? I live in three suitcases! I come from Mumbai and sometimes I live there. But I also spend time in London and New York, and lots of other places. Right now, I dont mind moving around a lot. Q7 What do you do in your free time? I do yoga regularly and I read books. I dont do much sport, but I have a lot of different hobbies! I like dancing, especially Indian dance and Salsa. I cook different kinds of food, especially Italian. Also, I collect boarding passes! I travel by air a lot for work, and also with my friends, so Ive got a lot of them now! Q8 Are you scared of anything? Im scared of water and I cant swim very well! I want to learn to swim properly so I dont feel so scared. Q9 Whats your favourite possession? Shoes! And my Chanel bandana bag! Q10 Whats your favourite weather? I like rain. I love the monsoon season in India when it rains a lot! Q11 Who is your favourite actor? Ive got lots of favourite actors: Aamir Khan, Madhuri Dixit, Nicole Kidman and Johnny Depp. And my favourite singer is Sting. Q12 What are your ambitions for the future? I want to continue acting in lms. I also want to open a school for poor children in India.60-SECONDinterview with1213CUTTING EDGE_PRE_INT_UNIT01_5.indd 12-13 10/08/2012 16:4512 12SHARE YOUR TASK Practise your interview questions until you feel condent . Film/Record yourself interviewing your partner. Share your lm/recording with other students .13TaskDo a 60-second interview {reuse} Share your task banner photo Preparation Reading 1aWork in pairs and look at the photos. Do you know who the woman is? Why do you think shes famous? bWork in pairs and write ve questions to nd out more about Freida Pinto. Where was she born? Is she an actress? cRead the 60-second interview with Freida Pinto and nd the answers to your questions. 2Work in pairs and answer the questions. 1What is the most interesting thing you learnt from the interview? 2Have you seen any of her lms? 3What do you have in common with Freida Pinto? 3a 1.7 Listen to two students, Marek and Laura, doing a 60-second interview. Tick the questions you hear in the Useful language box. How many questions does Marek ask? bListen again and make a note of Lauras answers. Q1

Q2 Q3

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Q12 USEFUL LANGUAGE a Asking about basic personal information Whats your (full name)? When/Where (were you born)? Where do you (live / work / go to school)? b Asking about interests and family What do you (do in your free time)? Have you got (a nickname / any pets / anybrothers and sisters)? Are you (scared of anything / interested incooking)? Who is your (favourite actor/singer/hero)? What is your (favourite possession / favouriteweather)? Tell me about your (family/hobbies). c Asking about the future What are (your ambitions for the future)? TaskSpeaking 1You are going to interview each other. First, decide on 12 questions you want to ask, using the Freida Pinto interview and the Useful language box to help you. You can also add questions of your own. Ask your teacher for any words/phrases you need. 2Then, spend some time preparing your answers to the questions in the Useful language box. Look at the answers in the Freida Pinto interview to help you and ask your teacher for any words/phrases you need. > Useful language a, b and c 3Work in pairs and take turns to interview each other. Make brief notes of the answers. Check the time at the beginning of the interview and try to complete it in exactly 60 seconds. Q1 Whats your full name? Freida Pinto. Q2 Have you got a nickname? Fro . Q3 Where and when were you born? On 18thOctober 1984, in Mumbai, India . Q4 Tell me about your family. My mother, Sylvia, is a head teacher at a high school and my father, Frederick, is a bank manager. Ive also got an older sister, Sharon. She works for a TV news company. Shes my best friend. Q5 What was your frst acting job? In 2008, I played Latika in the lmSlumdog Millionaire . I dont have any acting training so I did a three-month acting course to prepare for the lm. My other lms includeTrishna, You will meet a tall dark stranger, Miral, Rise of the Planet of the ApesandImmortals. Freida Pinto60-SECONDinterview with Q6 Where do you live? I live in three suitcases! I come from Mumbai and sometimes I live there. But I also spend time in London and New York, and lots of other places. Right now, I dont mind moving around a lot. Q7 What do you do in your free time? I do yoga regularly and I read books. I dont do much sport, but I have a lot of different hobbies! I like dancing, especially Indian dance and Salsa. I cook different kinds of food, especially Italian. Also, I collect boarding passes! I travel by air a lot for work, and also with my friends, so Ive got a lot of them now! Q8 Are you scared of anything? Im scared of water and I cant swim very well! I want to learn to swim properly so I dont feel so scared. Q9 Whats your favourite possession? Shoes! And my Chanel bandana bag! Q10 Whats your favourite weather? I like rain. I love the monsoon season in India when it rains a lot! Q11 Who is your favourite actor? Ive got lots of favourite actors: Aamir Khan, Madhuri Dixit, Nicole Kidman and Johnny Depp. And my favourite singer is Sting. Q12 What are your ambitions for the future? I want to continue acting in lms. 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' { 1 o r u . r s l tz zUL',, erabutaryReadthesentencesbelowanddecideif theyaretrue(T)or false(F).'I .lohn Loge Balrdmadelhefi|5itetevlsionlnthe1940s.2 Thef |siTVprograrrrmewasfearly100yea6 ago.3 Thr""'ortd'sf rstriotor!r'ayopenedn taty on21s!Sepier.berl9344 Theflrst BrlishmotoM,ay openedin 1958.5 ,,,/atched three hoursofTV yesterdayafternoon.6t rst wentabfoad nluly1995.7wasn bedat8 o'.lockthismorn ng.8 The,.,r'eatherwashotlast\\reekend.9lh"dot-g-o'lo, Morddr 'or I10l4y teacherwas bornin the 19ihcent!ry.Number thetimephrasesin ihe box(1-12),startingwiththernost recent.Choosesixofthe sentencesin exercise1ddnarewritethern so theyafetrue foryo!.Cornpareyournewsentencesin Pairs.finanlrnanfocus 2Workin pairs.Lookat the photos and readthequiz.Canyou guessany oftheanswers?Listenandcheckyouranswers,Look atthequizagainandanswerthe q!estions.Whowasthefirstwomantowina NobelPriz?nthe]940s 100yearsago.1958 ln luly 199sat8 o'ctockthismornlngListento the sentences.Noticethepronunciationof wasandwere.Practisesayingthe sentences.on21stSeptember1934n !uestior 3,the question word (Wrere... )refeBtothe objectinthe !uestion. whatisthe cotrectwordorderinthistype of question?basformofverb/ dld / Quenioi word/ s!blecrInquestions,the question word (wlrlc,wohan... )rere6 to thesrbjectinthe question. whatisthecoiictwordorderinthistype of question?pantormof!rb/ q!e+ionwordLookatquestions4and6.Doesthe questionwordineachcaserererto the objectorthesubjectinthe question?a AungSaanSuukyb JvlarieSktodowskacurieWhywer theWilliamssisters fafiousinthe 2O0Os?a lheywrethfirst sjsterstow n theUS OpenTennis,b They bothwonanOlympicqod meda.c Tireywerethefi6t wor.nprofessionalWheredid womengettherighttovoteforthefirsttime in 19la?b UnitedK nqdomc TheUnltedStateswhy didAnoushehAnsari bcomefamous in 2006?a ShewonthefirstBrifalrbGotralerfry programme.b Shewasihe lirstAsianc Shebecamethenfsiiemalespacetourist.I(-'- '"{21Ri54t s r Ir n o , {l oi u e u . q l 1 e q / ! \ t. L t 5 t 3 l r l, { p n t s 1 5 r ! f o ^ ; r - L t , , (E. ! o 5 5 r tr t s r t S N : t s rIr f o l ! a q ^ \z: L l ! l : L r :3 ! L r r P a li o , { ! : r t r r , n o r iPo , o HLi r . ^ \L Z l ls P ' l^ D f r sP a ! 4 s P P' x o q a q t u s P r o M . q l q l L ^ \ s L r o l t s s n D a q l a l i l a L ! o f,i r o L ! J L r , et sr f r r , o r r s { t - r o s L r e u r f ql ot r P d , i/ i E s/o r t r ' \1: t 0 0 2, r/r ; r q o : t / ! a i d P L t / t E r t M 9: ) E : d s /a L t s/s . 3 E r : u e t r i ) ! t o/I L r P L | r r , \ o HSj ; r l : ! o ] r J l l : 1 c L r r a q . r 1 E q , 1 1 \ t: ; r r , l - : L l r Ia r : q / \ \: . r .p- : r l !L r J ! , , \/a q s/ : l ol , i o f lz. .p/r s e o /L r r l l , r ! \L. t x a ta q lr u o 4 u o r t e u . u o + u 3 u s n s r a M s u P q l 3 1 : r ^ u a q _ ls t d u ] o r d a l l ] S u s n r S e o r n o q e s L o L ] s a n b a ) e NO t L3 3 P d ' Z e r p P r d?^ P n r S' Z l l u n' s u o1 s 3 n ba q r r a M s u eP L r e ) s E0 1 s u r n l o ) e - L ' r e a u r} o r ': l o s s a tq s r t S ! : 1 5 ? t r n o l ! n o , (P L P1 e r / , ,. r a q r E : lL l 5 1 3 ! lj s n o u r e t 3 q s s E ^ { L l l ] s e o l n o q e P e s da r o r l a r o l s a r o J r e s s o u e u r a o l u e u o M l s r ua q r s e M o q Mv s na L F u o r t l o sl v^ a r P l s)p u p o d u o r l 2 r i r l a i ) l n i l e p u e r l \ q! e 0 P t u . r j a q e L o ) t u n f ea : a a ,6 0 ! a -8 0 0 4|a q z 6 lI s l / l l q l 9 l u o r s a i s ^ l l u n o h J od o l a r l l o l q r l r p o l u e u o a l s r u a r t l s e M o q M' s ! o1 p Np a l u n. q t l o e r : ! a ! I r e F r r a s a u E r a q a L l s ll e t s ) t e dl ol ! a , s a r ! a t , D ! r : ] t s r g! q r . u e r a q a r . l s qe p l ll ot L r a p : s a r !ap u a lt s r l l . q l . | ! p r a q D q s ez l o o zA t r l c q l i zu ot l l e dP q q r l e l d o l p a u a d o e ql e q / l la ! t ! - : l P AI a r L t s )e ^ o l L t s . r e lp ut ! a e A q t p h e r j . e A ea a r ! r l l $ 9e q rr o l 9 6 1u ! a ) e d s o 1 u ! a a u u r u o a q r l q Ml ,* l F' i :Vocabulary\\J,urijs{:n,l:lilrit:ril::rtfr:rerlilqils12Readaboutemoticonsand answerthequestions.Whatarethey?Whoinventedthem? When?Emoticonsarespeciatsignsusedin electroniccommunicationtoshowthewriter'sfeelings,Scott Fahtmandesignedthefirst one in 1982.tis;-).Match the emoticonswith thewordsinthe box.surprisedaigryembarrassedinagoodmoodffiH ffi-#ffi ffiL:-jL:-J L.-.j L3in a badmoad stressedt^^ll.lrelaxedPt""lffim ffiffiffil.fllqll-lexcitedIoo | "t^ldisaoppjtted3a Answerthequestionsbetowusingthewordsfromexercise2,Howdo younofmallyfeet:1 if there'sfootbatlonTV?2 justbeforeanimportantexarn?3 ifyoucan'tfemembersomeone'sname?4 withpeopleyou don't knowwt[?5 whenyou finishschoo[/work?6 if you loseyourmobi[ephone?7 iiyo! gotowatcha bigrock concert?8 ifyoule late for school/work?9 ifyou seea bigspider?10 ifyourEnglishLessonis cancelled?b Workin pairs.Taketurns toaskand answerthequestionsin exercise3a.\*W^wwMDescribe a first or last tinnePreparationx-i..ir:eriii-iSReadthe Listofimportant fksts and lasts.Tickthethingsyouremember.' thefirst timeyoudrovea car. yourlastholiday. yourfirst Englishlesson. thetasttimeyoustayedup att night. thelasttimeyouwenttoawedding. yourfirstpet. thefirst timeyouwentabroad' thelasttimeyou felt reallyscaredWorkin pairs and compareyouranswers.fiz.zListentoHetenandMark talkingaboutthefirsttimetheydidsomething.whichoftheimportant firsts inexercise1adotheytalkabout?Listenagain,Foreachstorywritedown theanswerstoquestions1-4.Whereandwhendid it happen?WhoeLsewas in thestory?Howdldthey feeL?Whathappened in theend?3Listenagainandtickthephrasesyouhearin the Usefullanguagebox.2a1232 / t r o $ ] s a 8 u e r 1 sa q l .2 / t r o $ $ a p p e se q l ./ , & o $$ a l u u n ja q t ,: s e ^ ^ q ) l u y '' p i E 3 q a ^ e q n o ^ s e l o F a q r u o q P) u l q l' l e q l o q l e e0 1 s e u o t s r n o , ( 8 u ! l ! a l e s p P r d s d n o r Bl l e u l su ! ) r o y ' P P P u et ' q ' P a S e n S u e li n l a s nUsefullanguagec245Sights and the city!Paris,FranceFromtheEiffelTowerto Disneyland,fromca'ds[oart galleries - the'e'ssomerhingforeveryonein thishistoricbut modern city!. Accomrnodation:self-cateringapartment. Travelfrom London:27, hoursbytrain. AverageJanuarytemperaturer3"CShoppingand shows!New York,USAFrom an unforgettableshowwith a backstagetourtosomeworld-famousshopsanda cit,thatneversleeps - you'lllove iil. Accommodation:self -cateringapartment. TraveifromLondon:7 hoursby pJane. AverageJanuarytemperature:-3'CGo and get lazy!Goa,IndiaA completebreakfromthe stressofeverydaylife.Relaxwithunspoiltbeaches,deliciousfoodandperfect sunshine,. Accomrnodation:self-cateringbeachhouse. Travelfrom London:8 hoursby plane. AverageJanuarytemperaturer32"CSpanishspa special!Seville, SpainAmazingspabreakwithunlimiiedhealth andbeautytreatments,swimming pool, beautifulsceneryanddelicjous food!. Accommodation:3' hotel. TravelfromLondon:3 hoursby plane. AverageJanuarytemperature: 8'C3a{ l f t 0r $c o g z: . r n l e . r e d l u e ]^ ] e n u e ne 6 e r e , r Y .o u e d A q s ] n o L l1i u o p u o l u o r ] e ^ E . { .l a l o q f gr u o l l E p o L L I u . l o s c v .a l L r e Mn o ^ p n o c e r o I] q Mq c E e q M a u e 6 n q e u o e q l e q u n s n o ^' e 4 u a c6 u d d o q s M e u e b n q E u r b u r d d o q so b n o ^ e l o q^e u e 6 r ] q e u^ e l sn ot v n ' l e q n oi a u o / { J a ^ ar o l 6 u ! q l a ! u o S- - - - - 9 i l #' % ? , n 5y l t l 4 / t ? 8 f r 1g , ! N , $ t l-a s n e r . q ( up d s ) o to B o l 8 u t u l q d a r , a M' 'a s n e r . q a u o s q l a s o q r a M. s n e r a q ( e o ! ) 0 1 8 u t o ; . r , . ^ \s u e l d r e p l t o q r n o f r n o q e . t d o . d B u t t t a l ); ( t ! r o qe !) , { P t to r q r t n o { p t n o l \. ( ) p e r qe d s . q tt o ) !r t l n o { o p r e q / A2 t !q r n o { o P r e L t , , ! \a ) I p t n o a^ . q t l e q M . t d o o dr o q r o 3 u t ) s v q' '( r j j o / . s i N ) o r o B 0 1 l u p M 1 l o pp t o r d . q a u o s o 3 o r r u e M I , L r o p, !ps n a ^ 3|$ L | L t ^ \ a r a q a . u o s o E o i i t , t p ,I, 'r o q ! r a q ^ \ . u o t o E o i o l ] t p ,' 'r a r p a u 1 , 1 e ! r a q , i ; u o s o B r a L . t l e r p ,' ; s n P r . q( t a o q e u r l( e r s r a L t ! e rp ,! ) l t p , n o ^ t e q a r n o q P : u t ) i t e feSpeakingMakingrequests andaskingforPelTnrsston1Workin pairs.Lookatthepicturcand discussthequestions.' Wherearethepeople?Whataret.reydong?. Whatquestionsorrequestsdopeopleaskin ahotet?Think aboutthethingsbetow.. newspaPer. wake-upcallt InternetO Watch thevideo.Choosethebest titleforthetwoconversations.Youdo notneedto useoneofthetitles.a Checkinginb A guidedtourc CelebrityphotoWatch again.Putthewordsin thecorrectordertomakequestions.1 take a photo/ Doyou/ if / rnindI l?2 please// Could/ takeanothef phoro?3 help/ Can/l / you?4 yourname/ teL[/ Can/ you / me/ ptease?5 spelling/ mind/thatforme/ Doyou?6 OK/ if / take somepeBonaldetails? / ls it?Choose anappropriateanswerinthebox foreachofthequestionsin exercise2b.No,notatatl.Yes,ii'slohn Smith.Yes,of course.certainty,it's J-O-H N,S-t"l-t-T-H.Yes,Ihave a reseNationfor twonights.Yes,thatkfineb O Watch and listen torhekeyphrasesand check4a Workin pairs.Writeshortconversationsfor threeofthesituationsbetow.Trytousequestionsandanswersfromexercises2 and 3.. Sorneoneis talkingloud[ytotheiffriendswhileyouarein thecinema watching a film.. lt svery hotin thebusyou areonandyouwouldLiketoopen thewindow. Youarewaitingata busstopandyouwanttoknowwhattimeitis.. Youwanttoasksomeonethequickestbus/trainroutetothetown centre.. Someone'smobilephoneis ringingallthetimeduringanEngtishlesson.. Youwouldlikea strangertotake a photoofyouandyo!r friendin frontofa famousmonument,b Taketumstopractiseyourconversations,'|Watchagainandtistento theintonation ofthP r P r l s o ae q l q s u u o l M o q !P e l r s r ^a A E q n o ^ s a r e l d r a q t o !e l P l d . q 1l n o q eu o r l e u r , r o l u l a L u o s p u e M o u a r e n o ^ a r a q / .p r e ) F o d a q l u e l so l / \ ( o q .o l B u l l u ^a r P n o ^ u o s r e d a L l lr t os s o r p p e p u e a u r e u a q t .: l n o q e s a l o u e u o s e l e h l p u e l j P o l p l e ) $ o d e a u , { lo l S u l o B e r p n o ^ p u e^ e p l l o qu o 6 r p n o r e u ! 8 e u r l' z e s ! ) a x a u r o r l s a s e r q dl e u r o r u !e F l r d o r d d e e q t q + { e o q e p r e r $ o d a q l o l e l d L U o fI + ao t r r a u . t 4 o gf u e n u P T r l l 8 Z u oP u e ! o s Ls r l P o L ! e r o ] a ) r d o 8 e r a ^ P e q ls q n p l q B l u o su P q t e r o u r s e q { l p . q lM O U r O ' e ^ e u r o q l a 3 |u e q ^o E e q ) e l r n D s rP o o ,i q lu e u e q r n S r N r e e cl . 8 zs e r n l e r a d u r e l e S E r a ^ e e q l8 u r , ( P $ a r , e y '^ u u n sp u e u r e ^ s , ls r s s a r p p el e F o d^ h la r P a l a r e HIo P o l s P e o l s , a r a q ltP a ^ r r ee ^ e q o ll e q ] n o ^L u r o l u r o tP e s P a l da r P o y ' n^ l l n l q l t p Je n oZi u r t l t H L, X q , { i p u . l r ,e o l p r e ) $ o de r o ] e l q P l n s e r P s a s e r q d q ) r q ll D l e L u o l u ! P u e G )l P u r o ,a r e q ) l q , l ^ e P p a p p u e , { o l 6 q s s s E r q d a q lP e a tz: ) P i e ) l s o d3 L r ^ r " ) a i a . ) 1 0 { o C .: l o J( q M/ , { . l M.f e M eo B n o { J a q \ s p r p j t r o d p L a r i " a 1 0 { o C .z o r a r . l lo P / o a s n o ^ u e : t P q M e l l l n o q e S u r q u P^o ! ) n o , ( o CZ p r e r l s o de q l u o s r e l d a q l s L a r a q t .' s u o l 1 s a n b a q ts s n r s l PP u e P . r e ) l s o d q l l e) o o l l e ou l ) r o / \LP r e 4 s o d vE u 1 1 g 1 69 LS LE L; ;68t9' p r e r l s o d r n o ^ o l u i t' p r e t r F o d . q t u o s a o 8 a o q e u o l l r o s q r e g a r a q / v \ u e l d q) n ' u " . 1 ' " n ". a" 9 , n .. n ' 9a ^ u aI p o t 4 + | 1 A I h9 a 1 u ' o 1 ) w t Ls 6 w ' " a ^ a a " ! p a t o g 4 a b t a r c u a 1 4i 1 + 2 t ?a u o a o 0 1 . ^ b L 1 l l , l1 u 1 1 1 y -p 1 a 6 ' " 4 o a- ;i ..t b 1 L . ' r o t t o + It ' Jo t ? u l- l or ut ' 1 + ' J o " a o l4 'o n o l s a t1 o 7 r " 4l l a r c s , a t a l q p oi r , o q ' ' o s 7 o o 6o 6 u ' 4 a 6 u l o sh + l s l ^ a +t a " o P D t 1 + o^ t r o t u7 u o' + ! a l y a + o Aa w u o I ) o !+ o ul . + o 1a " ! ua u, i u a o l a d qu t - ,i u i l i T l, :USpeakingand vocabulary\,i.l::ti:r lltili,ltt.r,irirrlilliltiirftll:,ii:il.il'1,1'la Thinkofthree ambitionsyouhadwhenyou werea chitd.Usethephotos tohetpyou.Workin pairs andcompareyourideas.Didyouachieveyourambitions?Why/ Whynot?Matchtheverbsin A tothe phrasesin Btomakeverbphrasesaboutambitions.15710111ZDecoTu-owritegoroLrnclearngogetbryBb chldrenc famousd a houseor flatfmarriedg 1rnlllionh a bookitelevisionjthewortdk !niversltyIyourown businessappeaf onnaveZ s d 1 : s a l + ] o , ( ! e3 u r \ , , o l o l , { q 3 L r L [ i L L r o s 3 ! o pL rP : P ir n s , \ 1 c L - r ) l n . , { i u o , { L r p s - ! L l r o n o , ( a , 1 p H .J i t/ , P Pl oa r a cl L r e t r o d L L r l s o u r a q l s) L rL l ] f o { o r r L r o! rq , \ \ .: t o !, { r t l , \/{ . l A \J . p L | ea q l ! s s - r r r n sl os l r . r r . s . , l l l a l l t . l ] / n a a ] 8 e r c , { o c .' s s n r s r pP u es r l e d u r ) r o y '; P : q s r t q n as r j o o c r e q 1 : 3 o 1 3 u / { r t d a . ) l : q s p p S u o l / , r o HIl i t o o qr a u o a t u r E F ls 3 ut ^ \ o ! ) |c t o u p e s r r ; L . l s r t q n d , { L r p u , u u H91 a 1 r ta q o tt l r P , ' 1 ^ o l o l c ) l e ^ o N p r p o L l / A5l r . E e L r a a le s E x ( a L l ! a q , ' r ,$ 1 n d L ! o r s q L r o p l a d s s i l e !l l p r p S L r o l, \ \ o Ht2 { r t 5 n p uu - r ] ] i L | L rt . r ? ] s 8 r . q l a d S p r p o 8 p 3 l r o t r . l o NJ P l os r E r I! Ls e / n a q s L r . L l , \ c pp r) l p l l s p pt e q ^ \ zl P l os r E a , { r n o l s e ^ ( e q s L r r q , \ \ o p- D r) l p q S p pl e ! A \ |' s u ol s s n b3 q l r a ^ s u e p u e u r e S e e p r u p a q t p e a r3 ! , { r } d a a ) l .t L r . p l l u 0 r . qPP r e q{ r a iP r P q) t r c , \ \ r" " !n o , ( ! e t sqj B" 3o r " e. a r e l dt r . x o t r . q tu ls s e r r n s+ os t e r r a s a ^l 3 r _ l 1a l r ^ \ p u e a P r u e . q t p e . !l o 6 er p a ^O O g z J n o g e ! a L t . l o s o t ' L t d a s a u q f ) s n ) i l u o )J s s) n s r o, t a r r i s .; L l ] t: ! ! tn o l 0 p l e q / \ / \.i lL l l'a a r 8 e n o t r o C .l s L r e a | U! ot p t o n b a q t) !r . l t | . I r r pt E q / ! \., s u o t t s e n bo q ls s n r sP P ! e^ ^ o l a qu o r l e t o n D a q l p e a l s J e c u r) r o / 1. . " , 1 , 1 - . l r ' , . r , l : i : r f . . l i : : i : i i ' r i i ; ! ? : . 1' s t u p n t sr a q t o q t r ^ ^ s e a p r n o / ( a r p d L u o fo p o 1 1 1 n r1 1p a r e 1 e q : s 8 u q t .o p a t d o r d / ' r i j , 0 a ^] e q t s B u L _ l : t .o p i l d o a d t s o u r t e l l l s B u L l t .r s a . r o 8 a t D e a r q lo l uza s r r a x u r s u o l l l q l u e a q ll n d s r | e c u r) r o / .tp e e t r J n s1 , 1 \n o ^p u o u D dl u r o d - a ^ u r n oc j o : o o +U D J n o d o + a q l o + + o O p u o L u o l + c qe q l1 0p a + i o + s s c l o a dt n l s s e . c n se s a q le r D U o r l L ! { n ! - r o u a a q s o i _ l 6 u i , \ \ o a l) fs l D e ^ L r a l + s D e l t . r o J p u D ' 6 ! o r Ms D r \ a F ' $ l o o q s , L r s r p r q c ! , / , e u o u rD uf o u r l oa a u r a u l o u p o q 3 L s p o sp D r | . r o o o r a q a ^ D o c l l / i , r e q s r q n de L t l u a ^ t p a l s q n d L U a L _ t lt e l Jc 1p a l l a L l s ' u o e io l \ l r o : q o o q r a qp a { f s f e r o ! , ! ' . s r e L - l s : l q n dZ tL l o r ls + u a i ! L J . r o o e ^ r $ i 6 e u a r l l o l u e l s r+ , u pp D ut ! \ c U ) t r c ! . l n os u D t r a t i o d[ ] D N r o t , 4f. f i- * ; : ^ i D L r le u c r a q L I n N p t r o Me q l e u r o a e q p u o s c l l L l s L J o r d L r . . ] l ] L l ap r o r \ r o [ D L U a a r q ] u o l \ ' t Z p a o D' 3 ] ^ o l o t ct i o au i' a s l aa u o , { r e ^ ep u D s D r d u r o s L r o , . . ] | ] e | o q o q o l p a I q - o r a q s r q u ol e s l uq p e l e p o u r e qp u o s D r d u . r D S 6 t o d u o d u o L t . u o r Ju o r l o i d s u r s i ll o b3 i ^ o ) 1 o f c p r o , ^ \e i . { L r r e l o d s u L . r a t+ s a qo l t + e q 0 1p e f u o r \ o L t r r a l D t d s t l u a t p o c 6o a q o l+ ! D r ' n + , u p 1 pa l l p e p 3 e pr r ^ o f o f c x D ^ o N a ^ $] oe 6 o 6 u +l V :s r l n o l r e q L r - r n L . r d r lo s ' n o , { a r r d s L r o s l o u o . s r e q l oo l o o e or a i , [ o r a ^ o a O D + u D ^ p D 0 q o u r r ]a A D 6 l . r o , ^ p r D U sHr e $ d u . r o a o r s o qc u o 6 u ) r o r ' e n o qO O C O t l L r o c i sa l l' r o b D u a o + D s D , v , a q u o L l ^ \ ' 9 r o e ie A - L ll n o q Dr o ] i e d L L r D X o p o o 6 o s s a l o 3I r e p u n o lJ o s o r c ns i o e l e ^ ! r c ,' { D pO S r n o L t x r s + n o o D s , l D l l l ' s r n o !0 0 0 0 1 , ou n L u u r u o r o J e q + 3 D r or n o q0 0 0 ' 0 te q 1- ,s d up r , + r n O a r l r a p u u o !t s n t t . u s ue s . / o H r o / 4 ' I l u o a a r a r o u ]p u o) r o dc r s s o r n f s a L / o f D r r D l p u /6 u p n c u s u Jl +p c o r ^ i l i o H^ u D u r0 tr D e L r c J s q l u c u r 3 3 ] 1 B r o ]o r a L . l + p e l r o , ^ p u o s p r D n 0 i l i n c e se ! +$ o cA i l u e p u u o 3 p e ) D r ! \ e Hs o i p n t Sl D s r e ^ r u f l | Dq c f D p o L la q p o p u s l a r o 3 ql o o l l a su rL lo l u r1 e 0+ , L r p l p6 r q t e d S u o ^ 6 i s u a q , 1' 6 u n o 1 i r D l sl , , J D cn o iJ' p r o / \e q 1u r s r e 6 u l s d o d I n l s s e c a f s . l s o u r o r - l +] oa L l o u e e q s D L l 6 L I s ' s r D 3 /9 [ + s oe q f r o j , { u c d u r o f p r o a a i o q | l / 4i s p u ] l l r e L t r o j S L r o s p u o s 6 u o se + o l , \ a l l s ' s ] c a l e u u . t c i J p u D] l n o tP a D os t q n d u l p u r r o j r a . l+ s r g L l S p l p o r ) i D L l S J o { s d o dl o q ^ \s , l o L t l-: j s r r li p e g c S n su D c n o ^p u o s s a c c n s p q a r c a s a ^ gr n o a o l l o la s n o l l q ! | l on o l o r vGrammarfocus 1PresentprrfectandFastsirnplerari+htrr"Workin pairs and discuss.Arethesestatementstrue {T)or false {F)?1 SpielbergworkedatUniversalStudiosforthreemonthswhen hewas13.2 Spietberghasdirected Holl)Moodfitmsfor nearLy60 years.Readthesentencesin th Clammarboxandcheckyourideas,PRACTICE1CompletthesentnceswiththPresent perfectorPastsimpLeform oftheverbin brackets.1 | _ (live)in DublinfortwoyearsandtherImovedtoCardiff.2 She _ (buy)a smallflat in paris in 2010.3 My bestfriend's nameis Mittie.l_ {know) herfor abouteightyears.4 | - (have) ajob in a restalrant for a fewmonths lastsunmer,5 Shes a vegetarian.She _ (not eat)meatfortfie lasttenyears,5 l lovegoingforwalkswirh mydog-t _ (have)herfor fiveyears.7 He _ (play)theguitarfor a fewmonths,butstoppedLastDecembef.8 | _ (be)ir ltaty forsix yearsILivein thecaplta[,Rome.'laDrawsixcirctes.W.itethefoLlowinginformationinthecirctes.' thenameof yourbestfriendwhenyo!were11. thenameofsofireoneyouknownow (afriend/neighbour/colleague). thenameofa teacheryouhad in thepast. thetowrwhereyou livenow. youraddresswhenyouweretenyearsold. yourjob orthejobofsorreoneyouknowWorkin paksand swap yourlists.Taketurnstoaskand answerquestionsabouteach pieceofinformation.Useyourownideasandthequestionsbetowtohetpyou.. Whydidyouwrite(Sadie/ MrJones/Carnbridge/architectj?. Howlonghaveyouknown(him/hef)?. Howdidyou firstmeet?. Howlonghaveyou livedthere?. Howlong didyoLrlivethere?. Whendidyoulastgothere?. Howlong haveyoubeen(anarchitect)7. Whatdidyoudobeforeyou were(anarchitect)?1a Lookatthe sentences.UndrLinerhe pastsimpleverbsandcirclethePresentperfecrverbs.1 Heworkedthereforthree moithswhenhewas18.2 Hesdirectedfilmsfor narly40years.b whichactionisfinished?Whi.hdctioncontjnuesup2MatchqLrestjons1-2withthecorrectanswers.1 Howlo'rghaveyoulived here?2 Howtongdidyoulivethere?a llived thefortwoyeare.b l'vetivedhe.eforsixmonths_r 6] z.rristenandwriteaowntheeight sentencesyouhear.Noticethpronun.iationot fot andha1/e.2 Practisesayingthesenrences.i s e ! ! p br a r n d u r o r 0 ! I e t d a u o l ul o r s o r up u a d sD s Ip u vr a ^p u a r r J t r 6 e p l n o ll , u a ^ e q I r n g i s a r d o t ru o f i r u u a ] u e q t a r o l L r p t o s^ p e a r l es p ! o r l L l p a o-s u e 6 F a t e t I dr a u 6 $ p a L r ] e b r a m d u . r o r e s e a r e ql . r o M IM o u p u P r e a ll s t s a l e r sp a l r u n ; q r 0 1 p 3 ^ o t uIF J E j i i F Ea n o ^o t p a u a d d e q a ^ e q s 8 u l q t l u e t o d L u L q l o ] e q l2 S l s s r s l u r r os t o d s M o u { u e d n u a ) e l n o ^ o A s Hz s s s r n o r^ u Pe u o P n o ^ o A e Ha o s n o qp a ^ o u l n o ^ a e H2 s q o t l o o q ) s P a S u e q rn o ( a ^ e Hz p a l t s t ^n o ^ 3 ^ e q s a l l u n o ) u S l a r o j q 1 q y '' r e a ^ u e l l s e l a q l u l a u o p a ^ e q n o r s B u l q l l n o q es u o ! $ e n D r a M s u eP u P l s go l s u , r n l a ) e l s r l e o u l ) r o i' s a ) u a 1 u 6 s i n o l a r e d u r o rP u es l l e d u r ) | l o l q( 2 1 e q M ) - p a ^ e l d o ^ , 1 ' l a a M s l r r) a a ^ \s r q l t o d s^ u eP a ^ e l d1 , u a ^ e r ,1 2 u e q M ) -( Z o q M ) - t " ,' s n o u E J e u o ^ u e F L u r a ^ e u ; , . ,' ( z e - e L M J o l J e s q a ^ . 1 i e . f( r . -' r P a ^ s r q l p e o r q E u a a q t , u a ^ e . ,l i u r L M Ju L ( , I P U M J l u r a l o r aI' B a l e l o L t ] r P u e u a ) o r q r a ^ o u e ^ , l' ( 2 u a q ^)q s l B u t E u t u r e e l p a t : e $|' q s l l S u lB u r u r e e l p a e l s $ n I a ^ , 1' ( 2 ' r a q ^ \ Jl o o q r s P i q s r u r J I' F ^l o o q l sp a q s r u UI , u ^ ,' n r p s s 3 ) e uJ ! s $ u l u a se q l a l e l d u o ) n o ^ r o l e n r ls l q r l q M ( q r o e ) r l p d q ) E a u ! a ) u e t u e s e u o e s o o q ]p L] f , I I ) V U d' u q-i q e ql s l u r n op e !l s n t a 4 o M p u e' o b ep a ^, | oa t d n o r e u e g p 3 | l l e u lIl a a N n p ^ a s e i t ' ] l e u r' s l o D e s r u e o l o t q u a u i u o r r ^ u 3j o r a q u n u e i o l p $ u o M a ^ , I^ r ! s r 3 ^ r u na r u Es I Eii F Iu oL r ue s p e u t , u a ^ qr t i q ' l u a u d r n b au a q r r)E u r r r a s l u e d u o . M e u p a l P ] sl s n la ^ , r p u e' t o d x a - l r o d u ru r p a ) r o M e r ' , I s q o t r u a r l pu a l t n o q e p e q a 4 I s r p a l u a t F a3 ! t u t 3 a s a u r r a - lr a E t o v9zqe 9qe 5qe uqE gqqP L' a u o pl . u s e q /s e qP u a l l jq r p e 3 u ! q l a u o a u l l l a p u n p u e^o l a q r l s o d a q l p e a u q2 s r e e , 4u a ll s qa q l u 1 p e 8 u e q ) 6 ^ e q s e ^ ! l , s p u a l r js , e r q q o ul u r q ln o ^ o p^ \ o Hs s n ) s l p p u e s r l p d u !) r o le Z' 3 u r u a ^ a^ r as e n o q o o r q l $ e a l l e r o , p e L p n l s a q s / a H9' s s e u r s n qu l p a l s a r a l u l s P l e q s / o HE' l a l n bt r | a ^ s P ^ \ e q s / a Ht' L r o o ] p a q s q u r a L u r l s r q] ol s o L u l L r e d sa q s / a H' $8 o l o ) s u e s L u o r e q o tp a l u e r ' a q s / a Hz' e l l P u o l l l r u e e q o t s e ^ ^ u o r l l q L u P r e H / s l HL' r t o l e q9 - ;s e s e t q d q r y v r s o p q da q l q n e u r p u P s P u s l r | o o q t s p l o s l q$ o q P8 u $ e tu r l q o l u e $ n 0 0 2u ! t o o q r s u a l s l q q o u z lu ,L! . { : 1 . i , , \ { i s ! ' d l . l . l ! $ : [ r id$ p r r l i A * [ . r . r l 1" \ , i ] r l l . { )$ r . r 0 1 )$ r s dl r . r 6 s s . . k la s r P e ^u a l r s e t ! l u r p a l s^n o ^e ^ e q s e r r r u n o r ! 6 a r o ]' . 1 1 ! M' s ^ \ a u . q r m o q es l l e r a p o r o u 5 . ^ t B a r d e l t t t ? dl p a t e d t u . s d z u r q F u r o v . u o o u o sm o q e , s A o u , a q r $ ^ t B t d @ / t t s e dI D a t a d l u a t d I' s a t n J s q l r o l . s u a lp a x o r q r s o o q l' o 6 e s r E a { } o s l d n o r e u a p . l x e uI Zr e , { r s e l s . r e l sp . r . " n . q r o r p c ^ o ul2a s d a q r o r . n u r u o r ] ( o q r o p r o p a q s l u u s u o t p po s . q l a r v . t d l u t s r s p d o q r q l $ s e s u q d u E q r N) o o ls c o l1 u . r . l t r p u e t r o q ep e q o ^ , t s r e 6 ^ u a l r s e l 3 q r u tts a t d o ) u o tl uu a r p t o s , , ( p e 6 4 e s e q a u e 8 r . l e l ^ h ' . ( q e q$ r D r n o p e !1 5 n l a ^ , o r z' l 3 r ( u o t l t r t ! 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