LANGUAGE ARTS TOPICS / SUMMER HOMEWORK

1. Parts of Speech

The parts of speech explain how a word is used in a sentence.

There are eight main parts of speech (also known as word classes): nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections.

Most parts of speech can be divided into sub-classes. Prepositions can be divided into prepositions of time, prepositions of place etc. Nouns can be divided into proper nouns, common nouns, concrete nouns etc.

It is important to know that a word can sometimes be in more than one part of speech. For example with the word increase.

Increase can be a verb e.g. Prices increased

and increase can also be a noun e.g. There was an increase in the number of followers.

EXERCISES

Identify the underlined part

Steve can play the trumpet. __________________

Do you like dogs? __________________

They listen to music every day. __________________

She is an old lady. __________________

The group went climbing in the mountains. __________________

This is a fast car. __________________

He did well in the test. __________________

My father drives carefully. __________________

Has your father ever been to Australia? __________________

The play was fantastic. __________________

2. Comparison Structures

My house is (big) than yours.

This flower is (beautiful) than that one.

This is the (interesting) book I have ever read.

Non-smokers usually live (long) than smokers.

Which is the (dangerous) animal in the world?

A holiday by the sea is (good) than a holiday in the mountains.

It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) than a beer.

Who is the (rich) woman on earth?

The weather this summer is even (bad) than last summer.

He was the (clever) thief of all.

2.1 Superlatives

Everest is (high )mountain in the world.

Who is (old ) person in your family?

This dress was (cheap).

Which language do you think is (easy) to learn.

This book is (serious )one on the topic.

I think that one over there is (strong) horse.

This film is (short).

3. Prepositions

Prepositions are short words (on, in, to) that usually stand in front of nouns (sometimes also

in front of gerund verbs). There are hardly any rules as to when to use which preposition.

The only way to learn prepositions is looking them up in a dictionary, reading a lot in English

(literature) and learning useful phrases off by heart (study tips).

I'm Peter and I live _____ Germany. _____ summer I like to travel _____ Italy, because _____

the weather and the people there. Last summer I took a plane _____ Munich to Rome. _____ the

airport we went to our hotel _____ bus. We stopped _____ a small restaurant for a quick meal.

The driver parked the bus _____ the restaurant. Nobody could find the bus and the driver, so we

waited _____ the restaurant one hour. The driver was walking _____ the small park _____ the

restaurant which we did not know. So we were very angry _____ him. But my holidays were

great. We sat _____ campfires and went dancing _____ the early mornings.

4. Order of adjectives

When a number of adjectives are used together, the order depends on the function of the adjective. The usual order is: Quantity, Value/opinion, Size, Temperature, Age, Shape, Colour, Origin, Material

Quantity four, ten, a few, several

Value/Opinion delicious, charming, beautiful

Size tall, tiny, huge

Temperature hot, cold

Age old, young, new, 14-year-old

Shape square, round

Color red, purple, green

Origin Swedish, Victorian, Chinese

Material glass, silver, wooden

5. Count and non – count nouns

Our teacher gave us ___ homework today.

a few

a lot of

many

We don't have ___ time left, so we'd better hurry.

some

much

many

Do you like to eat ___ vegetables with your dinner?

a lot of

some

a few

The village has ___ restaurants where you can enjoy a good meal.

a little

many

much

The hotel doesn't have ___ rooms left.

a few

some

any

6. Simple Past

Last year I (spend) __________ my holiday in Ireland.

It (be) __________ great.

I (travel) __________ around by car with two friends and we (visit) __________ lots of

interesting places.

In the evenings we usually (go) __________ to a pub.

One night we even (learn) __________ some Irish dances

7. Prepositional Phrases

A prepositional phrase is made up of a preposition and a noun phrase. We use

prepositional phrases for many purposes, for example:

- as adverbials of time and place:

We will be back in a few days. They drove to Glasgow

.- as a postmodifier in a noun phrase:

Helen is the girl in the red dress We’ve got a new television with a thirty one inch screen.

- to show who did something:

The lion was killed by the hunter I saw a wonderful painting by Van Gogh

- with double object verbs like give and get:

We gave five pounds to the woman on the corner. They got a drink for me.

- after certain verbs, nouns and adjectives:

The book belongs to me. I had an argument with my brother. I feel sorry for you.

8. Participle adjectives

Some participles (like 'bored' or 'boring') can be used as adjectives. These are used in a slightly different way from normal adjectives. We usually use the past participle (ending in -ed) to talk about how someone feels:

I was really bored during the flight (NOT: I was really boring during the flight). She's interested in history (NOT: She's really interesting in history).

John's frightened of spiders (NOT: John's frightening of spiders)

9. Present Perfect

The present perfect is formed from the present tense of the verb have and the past participle of a verb:

The present perfect continuous is formed with have/has been and the -ing form of the verb:

Use

We use the present perfect tense:

for something that started in the past and continues in the present:

They’ve been married for nearly fifty years. She has lived in Liverpool all her life.

Note: We normally use the present perfect continuous for this:

She has been living in Liverpool all her life. It’s been raining for hours.

for something we have done several times in the past and continue to do:

I’ve played the guitar ever since I was a teenager.

We often use a clause with since to show when something started in the past:

They’ve been staying with us since last week.

when we are talking about our experience up to the present:

My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had.

for something that happened in the past but is important at the time of speaking:

I can’t get in the house. I’ve lost my keys.

1. We (buy) a new lamp.

2. We (not / plan) our holiday yet.

3. Where (be / you) ?

4. He (write) five letters.

5. She (not / see) him for a long time

10. Subordinating Conjunctions

A subordinating conjunction is a word that connects an independent clause to a dependent clause. An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. In other words, it does not need any additional information to operate as a sentence. The sentence "The student failed the test" is an example of an independent clause.

A dependent clause adds extra information to the main clause. These clauses cannot stand by themselves and their meaning is dependent on the independent clause. They are not complete sentences. For example, "because she didn't study" is not a complete sentence.

1. _________ the basement flooded, we spent all day cleaning up.

1. After

2. Although

3. Before

4. Even if

2. I don’t want to go to the movies _____________ I hate the smell of popcorn.

1. Although

2. Because

3. Whenever

4. So that

3. I paid Larry, ___________ garden design work is top-notch.

1. Whenever

2. Whose

3. After

4. If

4. ___________ spring arrives, we have to be prepared for more snow.

1. Because

2. Until

3. Although

4. Now that

5. _____________ the alarm goes off, I hit the snooze button.

1. As soon as

2. Because

3. Before

4. Now that

11. Past Perfect

When we talk about something that happened in the past we sometimes want to refer back

to something that happened before that time. We can use the past perfect tense (had +

past participle) to do this.

1. He (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.

2. When she went out to play, she (do / already) her homework.

3. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make) .

4. The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) six weeks before.

5. The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order) .

12. Future “Will” and “Be going to”

Will + infinitive Be going to + infinitive

A decision at the moment of speaking: Julie: There's no milk. John: Really? In that case, I'll go and get some.

A decision before the moment of speaking: Julie: There's no milk. John: I know. I'm going to go and get some when this TV programme finishes.

A prediction based on opinion: I think the Conservatives will win the next election.

A prediction based on something we can see (or hear) now: The Conservatives are going to win the election. They already have most of the votes.

A future fact: The sun will rise tomorrow.

For promises / requests / refusals / offers: I'll help you tomorrow, if you like.

1. What are your plans for the weekend? I a geochache. (to hide)

2. Doris is always late. I'm sure she late tomorrow, too. (to be)

3. Would you like tea or coffee? I coffee. (to have)

4. Watch out! You yourself. (to hurt)

5. The friends tonight. They are grounded. (to stay in)

13. Imperatives

The imperative is used to give commands and orders. The form of the verb used for the imperative is the base form of the main verb, which is used without a subject. Walk to the corner, turn right, and cross the road. Open your mouth and say ‘Aaaah’.

14. Passive Voice

Use of Passive

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known,

however, who or what is performing the action.

Example: My bike was stolen.

In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know,

however, who did it.

Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following

example shows:

Example: A mistake was made.

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g.

You have made a mistake.).

Form of Passive

Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)

Example: A letter was written.

1. We set the table. -

2. She pays a lot of money. -

3. I draw a picture. -

4. They wear blue shoes. -

5. They don't help you. -

15. Punctuation

Punctuation is used to create sense, clarity and stress in sentences. You use punctuation

marks to structure and organise your writing.

Use appropriate punctuation marks in the following sentences.

1. We had a great time in France the kids really enjoyed it 2. Some people work best in the mornings others do better in the evenings 3. What are you doing next weekend 4. Mother had to go into hospital she had heart problems 5. Did you understand why I was upset

6. It is a fine idea let us hope that it is going to work 7. We will be arriving on Monday morning at least I think so 8. A textbook can be a wall between teacher and class 9. The girls father sat in a corner 10. In the words of Murphys Law Anything that can go wrong will go wrong

Bibliography:

https://www.grammar.cl/english/parts-of-speech.htm

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/word_formation/parts_of_speech.htm

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepositions

https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/ordering-multiple-adjectives/

https://www.talkenglish.com/grammar/count-nouns.aspx

https://www.grammarly.com/blog/simple-past/

http://www.grammar-once-and-for-all.com/punctuation/direct-quotation/

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/participle-adjectives.html

https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/conjunctions/subordinating-

conjunctions.html

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/intermediate-grammar/past-perfect

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/intermediate-grammar/reported-speech-1

https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/es/gramatica-de-aprendizaje/the-imperative

https://webapps.towson.edu/ows/activepass.htm

https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/punctuation/

Web Exercises:

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/adjectives-adverbs/adjectives/exercises

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepositions/exercises?07

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/order_3.htm

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/preposition-collocations-exercise-1.html

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/participle-adjectives-exercise-2.html

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/past-perfect-simple/exercises?03

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/will_going_to_future.htm\

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/will_going_to_future2.htm

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/reported-speech-exercise-9.html

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/various/imperative.htm

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?simple-present

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?simple-past

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?simple-past-2

https://www.englishgrammar.org/punctuation-exercise/

https://www.englishgrammar.org/punctuation-exercise-2/

Nombre:………………………………………………………………

MATEMÁTICA TAREAS VACACIONALES

Estos ejercicios se me hacen fáciles : 1.- Determina las coordenadas de los puntos A, B, C y D.

B

C

D

A

2.-Determina las coordenadas de los puntos A, B, C, D y E

B

C

D

A

E

3.- Suprime signos de agrupación y resuelve el polinomio aritmético: − [ ÷ − + − ] + =

– 17 + { 4 – [ 6 – (– 26 + 4 ) – 2 ] +11 } – 3 =

–5 9 + { 15 – [ 7 – (– 17 + 5 ) – 16 ] +2 } – 14 =

–28 + { 3 – [1 9 – (– 9 + 13 ) – 4 ] +2 } – 5 =

- + + − − [ − − + + − − ] + − =

– 14 – 3 [– 16 + 4 – 5 (– 5 + 17 ) ] – { –13 – 6 [– 4 + 6 – 2 (– 3 + 9 ) ] }

A ( ___ , ___ ) B ( ___ , ___ ) C ( ___ , ___ ) D ( ___ , ___ )

A ( ___ , ___ ) B ( ___ , ___ ) C ( ___ , ___ ) D ( ___ , ___ )

4.- Resuelve los siguientes problemas de números enteros Los estudiantes de Octavo año realizan una función de Cine, recaudan en entradas $ 412, por ventas en el

bar $ 65, pero hacen los siguientes egresos: arriendo del teatro $ 120, compras para el bar $ 58,

propaganda $ 55 y transporte $ 10 . ¿Cuál es el valor de la ganancia

María en su cuenta de ahorros tiene el 1o de mayo $ 240. El 5 de mayo retira $80, luego el 10 deposita $

29, el 15 de mayo retira $41 y el 22 de mayo deposita $34. El 31 de mayo el banco realiza un débito de $ 2

por manejo de cuenta. ¿Cuál es el saldo actual? 5.- Resuelve las siguientes restas: De – 23 Restar – 385

Restar – [ 3 + 2 – ( 6 – 15 + 10 ) – 2 ] De – {– (–1 + 9 ) – 5 +10 – (– 17 ) }

6.- Aplica la propiedad distributiva para resolver las siguientes operaciones: – 4 ( 7 – 5 + 6 ) – 5 ( 8 – 2 + 4 – 3 ) – 10

– 5 ( 6 – 4 +7 ) – 2 ( 9 – 3 + 5 – 12 ) – 20

7.-En el siguiente gráfico,halla el valor de los ángulos que faltan en el gráfico:

8.- Construir un triángulo rectángulo y dibuja las mediatrices y su punto de intersección. 9.- Construir un triángulo isósceles y dibuja las alturas y su punto de intersección. 10.- Construir un triángulo escaleno y dibuja las medianas y su punto de intersección. 11.- Construir un triángulo obtusángulo y dibuja las bisectrices y su punto de intersección. 12.-Resuelve las siguientes operaciones

2

122

12424

1

2

5

6

1

5

3

12

1

24

33

8

1

2

11

3

26

5

3

2

18

7

3

21

3

1010 √ 3 ÷ √3 + − −

√3

M

N P Q O 55º 125º

35º

15º

13.- Resuelve las siguientes operaciones con términos semejantes: − − − − + − =

− + + + − − + + =

−[− − + ] − + − =

− − {− + + [− + − ] − } =

14.- Resuelve los siguientes problemas de regla de tres:

Si 60 pollos consumen en 15 minutos una libra de alimento balanceado. ¿En cuánto tiempo

consumirán la misma cantidad de alimento 90 pollos?

Para comerse una cantidad de pasto 24 reses, han empleado 8 días, ¿Cuántas reses se comerán ese

paso en 3 días?

15.- Resuelve los siguientes problemas con fracciones

En un colegio hay 1300 estudiantes. Los son mujeres. ¿Cuántas mujeres y cuántos varones hay?

Ximena vende su departamento es 80000. Ganando los de lo que le costó el departamento.

16.- Determina por tabulación: Sea el conjunto:

5;40/ xxxRe

y los subconjuntos:

5;25/ xxxA 30,25,20,15,10B

5;3015/ xxxC

Determina en forma analítica y gráfica con un Diagrama de Venn: a) b)

17.-Resuelve:

A una fiesta asisten 27 personas: 12 con gorro y 25 con antifaz. Si 10 personas tienen antifaz y gorro,

¿Cuántas personas asistieron solo con gorro? ¿Cuántas personas asistieron solo con antifaz? Realice el

diagrama de Venn.

Se realizó una encuesta a 200 personas sobre su canal de televisión nacional preferido. Los resultados

fueron los siguientes: 105 prefieren el canal A, 98 prefieren el canal B, 90 prefieren el canal C, 45

prefieren los canales Ay B, 35 prefieren los canales Ay C, 40 prefieren los canales B y C y 25 personas

prefieren los tres canales. ¿Cuántas personas prefieren un canal solamente? ¿Cuántas personas de las

encuestadas no ven ninguno de los tres canales?

Una escalera de 65 decímetros se apoya en una pared vertical de modo que el pie de la escalera está a 25

decímetros de la pared. ¿Qué altura, en decímetros alcanza la escalera?

Una rampa tiene una longitud horizontal de 84 kilómetros y una altura de 13 km. ¿Cuál es la longitud de la

rampa?

Un guardacostas observa un barco desde una altura de 28 metros. El barco está a una distancia horizontal del

punto de observación de 45 metros. ¿Cuál es la longitud, en metros, de la visual del guardacostas al barco?