Curtain Wall, from Design to Completion · Curtain Wall, from Design to Completion. Trends in...
Transcript of Curtain Wall, from Design to Completion · Curtain Wall, from Design to Completion. Trends in...
Nina Yiu
Ove Arup & Partners
Building Envelope Design
Curtain Wall, from Design to Completion
Trends in Curtain Wall Design
Fenestrations
of the past
5 19731980
1950-60 1977
http://hongwrong.com/hong-kong-skyline-through-the-years/
1990s
1980s
Shanghai Liang-yi 1983 SZ World Trade 1985Beijing Great Wall Hotel 1984
Shenzhen Jinguang Center 1995 Lingbo Hualiang 1996 Shanghai Jing-mo1998
1980 ~ 1990
Birth of the
Curtain wall
Beijing World Trade Center 1995GZ International 1990 Shanghai Jing-mao 1998
Beijing Great Wall Hotel 1984
2000’s
Advancement
in Façades
Rapid economic growth
Surge of high-rise buildings
Unitized curtain wall became
more prevalent
Construction means and
methods improved
Shanghai K11 2002 Shanghai Shimao International Plaza 2005
2000’s
Advancement
in Façades
Manufacturing sector grew rapidly
New wealth created
Crave new design
and technology
Asia Alum. HQ 2008
2000’s
Advancement
in Façades
International Architects
Brought in advanced
technology from overseas
Develop domestic
manufacturers’ skills
Supply chain also excels
Better design and
performing product
Apple store @ Henderson Metropolitan 2011 Shanghai CNPC 2012
Beijing GreenPix media wall 2008
Tianjin Yujiapu Railway Station 2015
Iconic project
Company identity
Show case
Competition
Beijing Parkview 2012
© CNN
Future
Endeavors
Challenging
projects will
continue
Lead in super high-
rise buildings
More in the
planning stage
© CTBUH
© Inhabitat
Future
Endeavors
Sustainability
Hong Kong Construction Industry Council Zero Carbon Building
Ronald Lu & Partners (HK) Ltd
2012
Sun path
Day lighting
Wind movement
Natural ventilation
Integrated landscape
Heat island effect
A smart building with 3,000 sensors reporting on
performance. Results are displayed interactively on a
3-D model of the building in real time.
Four microclimate monitoring stations around the site
to understand its performance and interaction with
surroundings.
Ultra-energy-efficient building systems with smart control monitors.
On-site renewable energy generation of photovoltaic and biodiesel tri-generation.
23
BIQ: Bioreactive Façade
(Algae Façade)
Completed 2012
Pilot project BIQIBA, Hamburg
By Colt, Arup, Strategic Science Consult
24 SolarLeaf by Colt + Arup + SSC
The “SolarLeaf” Concept
Function:
• Photobioreactor
• Solar thermal collecter
• Dynamic shadding
25 Bioreactive Façade / Algae Façade
Building Integration
BIOMASS BIO GAS Geothermal Storage
Heat Exchanger
Biomass Harvest
Micro CHP
Central Energy Plant
Heat pump
Warm water
Heat
26
Renewable EnergyMicro algae capture solar energy to generate biomass, biomass can be
stored without losses and can be converted to bio gas
27
Geo-EngineeringInstitution of mechanical engineers
© zj.zjol.com.cn
29
Green Roofs
Ideal Greenery-on-Metal Roof (Exemplar Performance)
Substrate
200-300mm depth
Adequate drainage & retention
ability
Sourced locally
With recycled contents
Erosion control measures
High organic matter & density
Green Roof Materials
Drainage mat with retention ability
Filter layer leakage
≥20% of green roof components
with recycled contents
≥20% sourced from HK & nearby
Sustainability Design
FactorsPlants
Moss/sedum, meadow & shrub
vegetation
Dense plant coverage
LAI ≥4
Plant height ≤300mm
High root density & deep rooted
≥30% water efficient species
≥30% drought resistant species
Medium diversity (20-50%) from
≥1 taxa group
70-95% native / adapted plant
species
≥5 pollinator attracting plants
≥1 rare plant species from 2-3 taxa
groups
Plants that are in-leaf year round
Leaves with parallel, pronounced
grooves, small barbs, less waxy
surfaces
Plant species requiring less
fertiliser
Plants established before rainy
season
Irrigation Management
Adequate irrigation & maintenance
Drip system or low-pressure
sprinklers
Weather based sensors
More efficient emitters with lower
flow rates
Correctly pressurised spray heads /
nozzles
Rainwater harvesting <100% of
irrigation demand
Technical Design FactorsMaterial
a. Profiled metal sheet: Aluminium,
Steel or Stainless Steel
b. Waterproofing membrane: Fluid-
applied elastomeric membrane,
APP-and SBS- polymer-modified
bitumen sheet membrane, EPDM
membrane or Polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) membrane
c. Compatible materials for the
assemblies
Structure
d. Maintenance traffic zoned within
300mm of the structural beams
e. Lightweight growing medium on
a roof (960-1520kg/m3)
f. Ballast or Pavers (of 450mm-
610mm width) on roof perimeter for
wind uplift projection
g. Additional shear barriers at roof
slope greater than 20° (36.4%)
Slope & Drainage
h. Gutter with resistance of wind
load and maintenance foot traffic
i. Free vegetation zone at roof
perimeter for minimum 200mm
j. Roof slope less than 45°
k. Minimum slope corresponding to
fall of 4 times the deflection D
under dead load
Weathertightness
l. Flashing overlaps of minimum
120mm for the width and minimum
150mm for the height above
finished roof level
m. Large units mounted on a raised
kerb or steel stub column
n. VCL on the warm side of the
insulation
o. VCL installation continued
through the roof
Maintenance Access
p. Roof traffic permission only for
authorised personnel
q. Lift, staircases or/and workspace
before roof access for easy
transportation and the preparation
r. Appropriate maintenance access
lid
l
f
h
m
o
r
e
q
Type 1:
Green Roof on Profiled Metal Roofing
System
BMU Type 1:
Fall Arrest System
Type 2: Green Roof on Waterproofing
Membrane Roofing System
BMU Type 2: Walkway System
n
a
EXIT
To Rainwater Harvesting System
r
GrateSecondary
Outlet Downpipe
Roof
Truss
Purlins Liner /
Deck
Insulation Drainage
Module
Vapour Control
Layer
Visual
Benefits
for
Building
Occupants
b
© O Marceny
30
Stormwater
Increasing arthropod abundance and richness and sustain
pollinators
Improving vegetation survival & reduce maintenance
rates
Reducing the transmission of sound from the exterior
to the interior of buildings
Reducing the transmission of sound across their
surface to reduce urban noise levels
Trapping wind-blown particulates PM 2.5 and PM 10
using the surfaces of the plants
Sequestering carbon dioxide and other gaseous pollutants
Breaking down certain organic compounds
Reducing energy consumption and associated benefits
Having environmental benefits
Increasing the life span of the metal roof due to reduced
ultraviolet radiation
Increasing embodied carbon during manufacturing,
transportation and installation.
Requiring water, fertiliser and transportation through
maintenance.
Requiring disposal at the end of its life cycle.
Requiring irrigation to maintain adequate substrate
moisture
Requiring pumping energy to operate the irrigation
system
Requiring management
Absorbing and storing heat in the vegetation
Shading the roof surface by the vegetation
Cooling by evapotranspiration from the vegetation
Insulation by the soil
Cooling by evaporation from the soil
Providing shade and insulation for roofs through its
soil and vegetation
Cooling ambient temperature through the
evapotranspiration process of plants
Warming up more slowly
Intercepting rain using the vegetation surfaces
Retaining rainwater within the substrate
Retaining rainwater within the drainage and retention
layer and moisture retention mat
Absorbing moisture through its plant roots
Storing water in plant tissues before evapotranspiration
into the atmosphere
Energy
Urban Heat Island
Irrigation
Stormwater Life Cycle
Air Pollution
Acoustics
Biodiversity
Stormwater
Increasing arthropod abundance and richness and sustain
pollinators
Improving vegetation survival & reduce maintenance
rates
Reducing the transmission of sound from the exterior
to the interior of buildings
Reducing the transmission of sound across their
surface to reduce urban noise levels
Trapping wind-blown particulates PM 2.5 and PM 10
using the surfaces of the plants
Sequestering carbon dioxide and other gaseous pollutants
Breaking down certain organic compounds
Reducing energy consumption and associated benefits
Having environmental benefits
Increasing the life span of the metal roof due to reduced
ultraviolet radiation
Increasing embodied carbon during manufacturing,
transportation and installation.
Requiring water, fertiliser and transportation through
maintenance.
Requiring disposal at the end of its life cycle.
Requiring irrigation to maintain adequate substrate
moisture
Requiring pumping energy to operate the irrigation
system
Requiring management
Absorbing and storing heat in the vegetation
Shading the roof surface by the vegetation
Cooling by evapotranspiration from the vegetation
Insulation by the soil
Cooling by evaporation from the soil
Providing shade and insulation for roofs through its
soil and vegetation
Cooling ambient temperature through the
evapotranspiration process of plants
Warming up more slowly
Intercepting rain using the vegetation surfaces
Retaining rainwater within the substrate
Retaining rainwater within the drainage and retention
layer and moisture retention mat
Absorbing moisture through its plant roots
Storing water in plant tissues before evapotranspiration
into the atmosphere
Energy
Urban Heat Island
Irrigation
Stormwater Life Cycle
Air Pollution
Acoustics
Biodiversity
Green Roofs
31 © Chlad.com
20??
How we design
Culture / Art / Beauty
文化 / 艺术 / 美观
The “old” days
© Sourceable net
Culture / Art / Beauty
文化 / 艺术 / 美观CAD: the present
or
the “past”
Culture / Art / Beauty
文化 / 艺术 / 美观The “present”
BIM tools
FME
BIM toolsHelp us with…
Analyze and rationalize
Respect design intent
Can be build in a cost
effective and less time
consuming way
Set the stage
WPS5
WPS1
Analyze: complex forms
Where will we go?
Test
&
Realize
Make quick changes
& Coordinate
To
Communicate
Cost
Assessment:
Quantity
Design for Practical
• From the primary structure:
• Building movements due to loading
• Wind sway
• Vibration
• Creep
• Wind loading
• Snow loading
• Settlement and heave
• From the cladding:
• Self-weight deformations
• Wind sway
• Seismic sway
• From the material behaviour:
• Moisture movement
• Thermal movement
Design for
accommodation
of movement and
tolerances
Aware of Silly Mistakes
Delivery
© DJI
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Thank You!