1ENGLEZA, ANUL 1, CURS 7

BASICS: A/AN AND THEA / AN THEA box a box a box a box A box a box

The box = cutia

Window window windowCan you open a window?(there are 3 windows here)a window = window 1 or 2 or 3(o fereastra = fereastra 1 sau 2 sau 3)

WindowCan you open the window?(There is only one window here, so we knowwhich window) = (Nu este decat o fereasteaaici, deci stim care fereastra)

Theyve got a car. (there are many cars andtheyve got one). = Ei au o masina (suntmulte masini iar ei au una)

Im going to clean the car tomorrow. ( = mycar). (Am sa curat masina maine = masinamea)

Im writing a letter (there are many lettersand Im writing one) = Scriu o scrisoare (suntmulte scrisori si eu scriu una)

I wrote to her but the letter never arrived ( =the letter that I wrote). = I-am scris darscrisoarea nu a ajuns niciodata ( = scriosoarepe care I-am scris-o)

When we were in London, we stayed at asmall hotel. (there are many small hotels inLondon) = Cand am fost la Londra, am stat laun mic hotel (sunt multe hoteluri mici inLondra)

We didnt enjoy our holiday. The hotel wasterrible (= our hotel) = (Nu ne-a placutvacanta. Hotelul a fost ingrozitor = hotelulnostru)

Rome is a big city in Italy. (there are manybig cities in Italy and Rome is one) = Romaeste un oras mare din Italia. (sunt multe orasemari in Italia si Roma este unul din ele)

Rome is the capital of Italy (there is only onecapital of Italy) = Roma este capitala Italiei.(nu este decat o singura capitala a Italiei).

Britain is an island (there are many islandsand Britain is one) = Britania este o insula(sunt multe insule si Britania este una din ele)

What is the largest island in the world? (Careeste cea mai mare insula din lume?)

# We say the. When it is clear which thing we mean. (Spunem the cand este clar la celucru ne referim). For example:

the door [usa] / the ceiling [tavanul] / the floor (podeaua) / the carpet [covorul] / the light[lumina] , etc ( of a room) = (unei camere, dintr-o camera)

the roof [acoperisul] / the garden [gradina] / the kitchen [bucataria] / the bathroom [baia] (of ahouse) = (unei/ dintr-o casa)

the centre [centrul]/ the station [statia] / the airport [aeroportul] / the town hall [primaria] (of atown) = (unui/ dintr-un oras)

Ex: Wheres Tom? In the garden ( = the garden of this house)Unde e Tom? In gradina (gradina acestei case)

2I turned off the light, opened the door and went out. ( = the light and the door of theroom)

Am stins lumina, am deschis usa si am iesit/plecat (lumina si usa camerei)

Do you live very far from the centre? (= the centre of your town)Locuiesti foarte departe de centru? (centrul orasului tau)

Id like to speak to the manager, please (the manager of this shop)As vrea sa vorbesc cu managerul, va rog ( managerul acestui magazin)

Exercises:

1. Put in a/an or the (Completati cu a/an sau the)1. I wrote to her but the letter never arrived.2. Britain is an island.3. What is.name of this village?4. Jane isvery nice person. You must meet her.5. Montreal is .. large city in Canada.6. What is .largest city in Canada?7. What time is it? I dont know. I havent gotwatch.8. When I went to Rome, I stayed with..Italian friend of mine.9. You look very tired. You need . Holiday.10. Dont sit on .floor. Its very dirty.11. Lets go torestaurant this evening.

Thats .good idea. Which restaurant shall we go to?12. Can you turn on..radio, please? I want to listen to some music.13. Tom is in bathroom. Hes having.bath.14. This is a nice room, but I dont likecolour of.carpet.15. We live in..old house near.station. Its two miles from..centre.

2. HOMEWORK TEMA - incep. Put a/an or the where necessary in these sentences.(Puneti a/an sau the unde este necesar in propozitiile care urmeaza). Translate them intoRomanian (traduceti in romana)1. I turned off light, opened door and went out. The light, the door2. Excuse me, can I ask question, please?.3. Alan is best player in our football team.4. How far is it from here to airport? 5. Enjoy your holiday and dont forget to send me postcard!.6. Have you got ticket for concert tomorrow night?.7. What is name of director of film we saw last night?.8. Yesterday I bought jacket and shirt. Jacket was cheap but shirt was expensive.9. Peter and Mary have two children, boy and girl. Boy is seven years old and girl is

three.

3. HOMEWORK TEMA - incep. Complete the sentences. Use a/an or the + one of these(Completati propozitiile. Folositi a/an sau the + unul dintre acestea). Translate intoRomanian. (traduceti in romana)

Bicycle capital cigarette play difficult language kitchen

3Next train roof small hotel nice day

1. Rome is the capital of Italy.2. When we were in London, we stayed at a small hotel.3. Can you ride?4. Whats that man doing on..of that house? Is he repairing something?5. We went to the theatre last night but.wasnt very good.6. Do you think English isfor people to learn?7. Would you like.? No, thanks. I dont smoke.8. Wheres Jack? Hes in.. Hes cooking something.9. Excuse me, what time isto London?10. Its ..today. Lets go out.

# THE

# the. = it is clear which thing or person we mean (este clar la care lucru/persoana nereferim)

Ex: Rome is the capital of Italy. (there is only one capital)Roma este capitala Italiei. (este numai o singura capitala)

What is the name of this village? (the village has only one name)Care este numele acestui sat? (satul nu are decat un nume)

Excuse me, where is the nearest bank?Iertati-ma, unde este cea mai apropiata banca?

Who is the President of the United States?Cine este Presedintele SUA?

Can you tell me the time, please? ( = the time now)Puteti sa-mi spuneti ora, va rog? ( = ce ora e acum)

My office is on the first floor. ( = the first floor of the building)Biroul meu este la primul etaj ( = primul etaj al cladirii)

Dont forget the: ( Nu uitati the)Do you live near the city centre? ( NOT near city centre).

Locuiesti langa centrul orasului?Which is the best restaurant in this town? ( NOT which is best)

Care este cel mai bun restaurant din oras?

# the top of / the end of. THE TOPWrite your name at the top of the page.

(Scrieti numele in partea de sus a paginii) THEThe beginning of the film was not very good. LEFT

(Inceputul filmului nu a fost f bun)My house is at the end of this street. THE BUTTOM

(casa mea este in capul acestei strazi)The table is in the middle of the room.

( masa este in mijlocul camerei)Do you drive on the left or on the right in your country?

(Conduci pe stanga sau pe dreapta in tara ta?)

THEMIDDLE

4# the same.( la fel)We live in the same street ( NOT in same street)

Locuim pe aceeasi strada.These books are not different. They are the same. (NOT: They are same)

Aceste carti nu sunt diferite. Sunt la fel.

Note that we say (Remarcati ca spunem):

THE The sun (soarele) / the moon (luna) / the world (lumea) / the sky (cerul) / the sea(marea) / the ground (teren) / the country (tara) The sky is blue and the sun is shining. (cerul este albastru si soarele straluceste) I like swimming in the sea. (imi place sa inot in mare) They live in a town but they want to leave in the country. (Locuiesc intr-un oras

dar vor sa locuiasca la tara)THE The police (politia) / the fire brigada (pompierii) / the army (armata) (of a city,

country (a unui oras / tara) My brother is a soldier. Hes in the army. ( fratele meu este soldat. Este in

armata)THE The piano (pianul) / guitar (chitara) / trumpet (trompeta) (musical instruments)

Tom is learning to play the piano. ( Tom invata sa cante la pian)THE

THE

Radio BUT television (without THE = fara THE) I often listen to the radio. (adesea ascult la radio) Whats on the radio tonight? ( ce a deseara la radio?)

I like watching television. ( imi place sa ma uit la tv) Whats on television tonight?BUT Can you turn off the television ( = the TV set)? Poti sa opresti televizorul (aparatul)?

THE

Breakfast (mic dejun) / lunch (pranz) / dinner (cina) without THE (fara THE) I never have breakfast. (NOT: the breakfast ( nu iau niciodata micul dejun) What are you going to have for lunch? (ce mananci la pranz?) Dinner is ready. (cina este gata)

Exercises:

1. Put in the where necessary. (puneti the acolo unde este necesar). Write okay if thesentence is correct. (Scrieti okay daca propozitia este corecta).1. Sky is blue and sun is shining. The sky, the sun

2. What are you going to have for lunch? Okay 3. Our apartment is on third floor..

4. Help! Fire! Somebody call fire brigade.5. Who was first man to walk on moon?.6. Which city is capital of your country?..7. What is largest city in world?..8. Would you like to be in army?.9. Do you live near sea?10. After dinner we watched television. .11. Where is your dictionary? Its on top shelf on right

512. We live in country, about five miles from nearest village.13. Ann is coming to see us at end of May or beginning of April. ..14. Is this book cheaper than that one? No, theyre same price..15. Prime Minister is most important person in British government..16. I dont know everybody in this photograph. Who is man on left?17. It was a very nice hotel but I dont remember name.18. I didnt like her first time I met her..19. What do you usually have for breakfast?..20. Have you got any milk? Yes, theres some in fridge

2. HOMEWORK TEMA - incep: Complete these sentences. Use the same + one of thesewords: (completati aceste propozitii. Folositi the same + unul dintre cuvintele). Translate(traduceti)

Age colour day problem street time

1. I live in King Street and you live in King Street. E live in the same street.2. I arrived at 8.30 and you arrived at 8.30. We arrived at3. Ive got no money and youve got no money. Weve got.4. Hes 25 and shes 25. They are.5. My shirt is dark blue and my jacket is dark blue. They are6. Im leaving on Monday and youre leaving on Monday. Were leaving on.

3. HOMEWORK TEMA - incep: Complete these sentences. (Completati propozitiile). Usethe words in the list (utilizati cuvintele din lista). Use the if necessary. (Folositi the dacaeste necesar). Translate (traduceti)

Breakfast dinner guitar lunch police radioSky sun television time

1. Can you tell me the time please? Yes, its half past six2. We had dinner at a restaurant last night.3. is a star. It gives us light and warmth.4. Did you see the film on.last night?5. I was hungry this morning because I didnt have6. stopped me because I was driving too fast.7. Can you play..? No, I cant play any musical instruments.8. What did you have for.? Just a salad9. When Im working at home I like listening to..10. ..is very clear tonight. You can see all the stars.

6 ADVANCEDTHE MECHANICS OF GETTING A MEDIA JOB (2)

A local paper Night News Editor says hed look for somebody who was bubbling withenthusiasm for life and displays vibrancy, energy, determination and a love of language:

A journalist has got to be outside the herd to succeed. On a practical level, the hours make itdifficult to mix with people and you shouldnt be part of a political or commercial groupbecause influences will come to bear on you which will be embarrassing to break.

Because competition is so fierce, whichever route you choose, it helps to be able toillustrate your commitment with prior experience. Higher education institutions are full ofstudent-publications and closed-circuit radio and TV stations so you must get involved. Mostsuccessful journalists started out on their student rag. However bad it is, and many areexcellent and win awards, involvement shows initiative and the willingness to do more withyour three years than sit in seminars and go to the pub. Sadly, student apathy and a lack offunds means that some institutions do not have a thriving publication. If that is the case, startyour own. Try to get funds from the students union. You will need an office and some basicequipment plus money to print or photocopy. Get a team together and go out and getsponsorship and advertising. Make sure it is well designed and written. Students working in awide range of disciplines would benefit from working on the design, marketing anddistribution as well as the editorial.

Cuttings

It is an irony, but unavoidable nonetheless, that you will almost always be expected toshow evidence of journalistic experience in order to get your first job! You need to have acuttings file that illustrates you have been determined to get into journalism long beforeapplying for the post. A poem from the school magazine is not going to be enough; you needto have had something published or broadcast in a wider context. So how on earth do you getyour first story in? Remember there are many people competing with you to get their copy inprint so you have to handle the situation professionally. It helps if you do some back-groundresearch into the newspaper itself before approaching newsdesks as this will show editors thatyou have the care and initiative to do the job properly. Dont be too ambitious by trying to getyour story in The Times, unless it is a massive exclusive, of course. The local weekly paperwill be more grateful and give you a better show and perhaps a by-line. An article in theweekly paper should be sufficient to impress radio editors, as long as you can say how youwould treat the story as a sound package. But even getting something in your local paper ishard as there are many competing with you for space.

Local newspapers are often on the lookout for local correspondents or stringers. Theseare people who contribute weekly information about what is happening within their particularcommunity. This may range from school concerts to minor council issues and gives you thechance to get your work in print and gain experience and contacts. This kind of work helpsyou to develop your own news sense and learn how to liaise with a newsdesk which is a skillin its own right, especially if you ever need to sell a story to a national. An interest in sport isuseful as many papers rely on stringers to submit copy on matches and other sporting pursuits.Its no use trying to cover the big football league match, as that will invariably be covered bystaff with press passes and tickets to the executive bar. But Sunday league soccer, boxing andunfortunately most womens sporting events will not normally be covered in-house so your

7help may be welcomed. You may get paid a pittance but these cuttings, particularly if theybear your by-line, are priceless. Heres how to go about it.

1. First, have an idea. You may hear of something unusual in your community which youfeel is newsworthy to the target readership. Make sure it has not been covered already bysifting through back issues in the library. Then try to come up with an angle, that is, themost newsworthy aspect of the story which will catch the editors - and the readers attention.

2. Once you have the idea, make sure it is workable by knowing that you will be able to gainaccess to the relevant spokespeople and research. Its no use suggesting an exclusiveabout a local vice ring if no-one will ever confirm it to you or comment on it. This ismaking sure you can stand the story up.

3. Study your target outlet. How long do articles tend to be? Are they written in a particularstyle? Try to stick to this as much as possible.

4. Once convinced your story will stand up, telephone the editor and explain who you areand ask if they would be interested in your story. If you tend to be nervous on thetelephone, write down a script beforehand to put beside the telephone to remind you of thepoints you want to discuss so you come across as confident and cheerful, rather thanhesitant.

5. If they accept, ask in what format they would like the work presented and to whatdeadline. Bigger papers may ask you to file over the telephone to a copytaker. A weeklymay be happy with copy typed on one side of A4 paper, double-line spaced with a catch-word (a one-word title to identify your story instantly to the newsdesk, sub-editors, etc),date of publication and your name. It may help the newsdesk if you also include namesand telephone numbers of your contacts. However, if and when you start being paid foryour contribution you can ask to be paid extra for contact details.

6. Dont ask to be paid, not the first time anyway. The column inches are more valuable toyou than the chance of a fiver at this stage in your career.

[HOMEWORK - doar pentru avansati ONLY FOR THE AVANCED OR UPPERINTERMEDIARS A 250 WORDS ESSAY WHY DO I WANT TO BECOME AJOURNALIST?]

Teoria pentru articol, nivel incepatori este luata din Essential Grammar in Use, A self-study referenceand practice book for elementary students of English, Raymond Murphy, Cambridge University Press.Textul despre jurnalism, pentru avansati este luat din Inside Journalism, Sarah Noblock, Blueprint,London, vol 3.