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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
REI 2011-2012, COURSE #01
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10 points
COURSE 5 points
Single choice test 25 questions 5 points
Other random tests
1-2 extrapoints
Seminar 5 points
TOTAL 12
Final Test Scheduled on 11.01.2012
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Timeline
C1Data, Information,
C2 History of Computers
C3 Operating Systems
C4 Data Structures C5 Databases
C6 Relational Databases
C7 Computer Networks
C8 Internet
C9 Security
C10eCommerce, CRM,
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
Computers are used in informatics in the
same way the telescope is used inastronomy
DijkstraInformatics = information + mathematics
computer clerk who performed calculations
automating human factor work (repetitive actionsthat require attention and not intelligence,common mistakes and errors)
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
Alan Turing (1912-1954) is considered to bethe father of modern computer science.
Turing Test - you can tell about a computer that"thinks" when it can fool an interlocutor makinghim believe that talking to a human.
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
The current sense, IT includes all activities relatedto
- design- implementation- utilization
of automated data processing systems in order to
increase efficiency of human activities.
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
Informatics is emerging as
practical activity
theoretical field.
and has two major objectives:
to design advanced computersystems that ensure wide access to information,
to ensure efficient use of all computing resources.
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
Information technology (IT) is the technology needed to
processinformation using electronic computers to
convert, process and transmit information..
Information technology and communication (IT&C)
Information Technology + network communications
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INFORMATICA N ECONOMIE
Any human activity is generating information.
(-) If an activity is more complex and dynamic,the volume of information grows and diversifies, so
it tends to slow down or even block the decision-making.
(+) The information ensures knowledge transfer
from one generation to another, ensures access tothe most advanced achievements of mankind.
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
informare (Latin) = to give shape, form.
The significance is related to thetransformation of something without form into
another something having some form.Perhaps the most widely accepted definition isrelated to its character of novelty, by the additionof knowledge resulting from the reception ofsignals.
We receive information when we find somethingthat we did not know before.
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INFORMATICA N ECONOMIE
FUCHS
Surprise effect of the message, newness of
information will be as greater the less likely.
Information is as greater asmore unlikely. In this sense, information
is "improbability".
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
Transmission of information
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
PRATT
Information is an event that occurs at some point intime and space.
The analogy with explosions:
Just like information, each explosion is differentfrom the others, while designating the same
phenomenon.Similar to information, explosions can not bestored. We can store only substances thattrigger the explosion; similarly, we can store only
the "premises" of information - the data
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
"content" of the human mind
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
Although often seen as synonymous, data andinformation have different meanings.
Data can be characterized as rawmaterial information.
Data - sets of symbols - digits, numbers, letters,
words, symbols.
The data can be met in any form.
Data have no meaning by itself.
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
Data is the form of material representationof information. Data represent formal support of theinformation that is converted into numbers, letters,
symbols, codes.
The data is actually the subject of informationprocessing.
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
Data have not meaning and therefore should beamended and brought into a usableform and placed in a certain context to be of value.
Data obtained from the processing ofinformation can act as information for aspecific category of users or may remain simpledata if they lose the quality of new semantics.
Data is a potential information.
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
Information = Data + meaning
Information is data processing product, the user
from a data set, meaning that can be drawn froma dataset based on associations between them.
Not any data processing generates information.
A data processing can generate information only ifthere is areceiver to consider the results understandable
and useful.
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
Regularly, information are viewed from three angles:
Syntactically it is about the formal appearance, that data that isprocessed must strictly obey certain rules of validity
Semantic point of view, aiming to meaning, the meaning ofinformation (the actual contents of information) arisingfrom dataprocessing
In terms of pragmatic, aiming at utility, ie the extent towhich users are satisfied
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
The process of collecting,understanding and ownership of information ina particular field is an information process.
Information acquired in a given area froman information process form thedomain knowledge and then theknowledge patrimony.
Knowledge is a sum ofall information acquired over time in a particularfield.
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
Knowledge is something higher quality then dataand information.
Understanding is aimedat discovery of universal truths.
Information search is looking thedifference as in depth as possible (thedifference that makes a difference, therelationship between data).Creating knowledge is a processof setting (repeat, repeat differentiation, the
discovery of patterns).
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ECONOMIC INFORMATICS
When knowledge generate beliefs, values that
guide behavior of an individual we can speak ofwisdom.
Information: what? Knowledge: Who, when, where, how? Wisdom: Why? with what implications?
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Economic system and IT system
The concept of system meansa dependent setof elements forming an organized
whole.
Economic system defines
economic components andassemblies
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Economic system and IT system
The transformation process (feedback loop) is adynamic process that makesthe system evolve for a certain path describedby the state of the system.
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Economic system and IT system
Components of an economic system:
decision making system
operational systeminformational system
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Sistem economic i sistem informatic
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Economic system and IT system
Decision making system consists of allthe specialists who predict and plan,decide, organize, coordinate, monitor
and control the operation of operationalsystem in order to achieve the objectives set.
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Economic system and IT system
Operational system is a setof human resources, material and financialresources to ensure effective
achievement of objectives set by thedecisions passed by the decision-makingsystem.
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Economic system and IT system
Informational system includesall information, information flows and circuits and all the resources, methodsand techniques, which provide thenecessary data to decision making system.
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Economic system and IT system
Information system provides the link between operatingsystem and decision system in the double sense:
by decision processing and transmission from decision tooperational system,
respectively
by recording, processing and transmission ofinformation from operational to decisional system
Information system provides the management of all theinformation inside the economic system.
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Economic system and IT system
IT system is a component of an informationsystem that retrieves and solves tasks ofcollecting, processing, transmission,
storage and presentationof data using computer systems.
IT system includes all resources, methods
and techniques, which provide automateddata processing.
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