Curriculum: Foundations, Principles and Issues

Chapter One1. Behavioral approach - what can the learner do that we can see? Bobbitt’s 800 elementary objectives and Tyler’s technical and scientific approach2. Managerial approach – organizational chart, flow charts, TQM; curriculum revision cycle3.Humanistic approach – psychological health, self-actualization, art, music –Dewey, Montessori, Steiner, Armstrong4.Reconceptualist approach – concerned with inequality, oppression

Definitions of Curriculum, pp. 10 - 11

• 1. Tyler and Taba’s plan for achieving goals• 2. Dewey – all the learner’s school experiences • 3. linear or nonlinear system of planning for

instruction• 4. theoretical, scholarly field of study; broad,

historical, philosophical, social• 5. subject matter content by grade level• See Doll quotation, p. 11

Curriculum Domains• Fenwick English:• 1. ideological (philosophy)• 2. technical (design)• 3. operational (managerial)• Glatthorn – written, taught, tested +learned +

hidden• Development - - How + Structure• Design – components• Roles of curriculum leaders, p. 23• Role of principal in curriculum, p. 26

Chapter Two: Philosophical Foundations

• Thomas Hopkins quote, p. 32• Dewey and Tyler, p. 33• IDEALISM – Plato, Hegel, Emerson, Thoreau,

Froebel: Truth, enduring values, classics; philosophy, theology, mathematics

• REALISM - Aristotle, Aquinas, Orderly universe: education illuminates purpose (Science

• PRAGMATISM – Dewey - problem-solving, learning to learn, scientific method

• EXISTENTIALISM – self-fulfillment; reject group norms, authority, established order

Educational Philosophies, Table 2.4• Pereniallism – subject centered; knowledge that

has stood the test of time; knowledge, skills, values – minus vocational education

• Essentialism – status quo; subject centered, devaluing art, music, P.E., CATE; instead conceptual thought, problem-solving, STEM, standards, factoids

• Progressivism – Thomas Jefferson, Dewey, Combs, Rogers,Maslow: problem-solving, scientific method, opposing authoritarianism, memorization of factoids, and intimidation; relevance, humanistic, reform; critical eye on unintended, learned curriculum

Reconstructionism• Kozol: critically examine cultural heritage,

examine controversial subjects, become activists for social change

• Internationalists - + global studies• Reconceptualism – intuitive, personal,

mystical, linguistic, political, social, and spiritual

• P. 55 where philosophy clearly drives decisions about school, curriculum, instruction, grading, allocation of funds