Curriculum Design

7/17/2019 Curriculum Design

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Faculty of NursingMaster Course 2015 – 2016

repared by

Samah Mohammed Fathy

Under supervision

Dr. Wessam Ahmed

Dr. Hala Gaber

urriculum Design



Out lines

INTRODUCTION

Definition of curriculum

Definition of design

Definition of curriculum design

Characteristics of well-designed curriculum

Types of Curriculum Design

Elements of Curriculum Design

principles for curriculum design

The Curriculum Structure

curriculum design process

Approaches of curriculum design

Summary

References



Objectives

General objectives

At the end of this lecture the student will acquire knowledge about curriculum design

Specific objectives

Define of curriculum design

Determine types of Curriculum Design

List Elements of Curriculum Design

Identify The Curriculum Structure

Memorize principles for curriculum design

Identify curriculum design process

Explain Approaches of curriculum design



INTRODUCTION

The curriculum is the heart of a student's college experience. The curriculum is a

college's or universities primary means of changing students in directions valued by the

faculty. Curricula should be reviewed and, if necessary, revised on a regular basis, better

to serve the changing needs of both students and society broadly. Today, however, we

are being urged to reassess especially carefully the quality of our curricula.

Faculties are responding to this challenge by turning their attention to what are in many

cases long neglected curricular matters. They are doing so as a practical means of both

attracting and retaining more students, ensuring their success, and producing high

quality, fair outcomes for everyone.



Definitions

Definition of Curriculum

The sum of learning stated as educational ends, educational activities, school

subjects and/or topics decided upon and provided within the framework of an

educational institution or in a less formal setup

Definition of Design

something's form and structure

way something is made

Definition of curriculum designCurriculum design is generally understood as a high-level process defining the learning

to take place within a specific program of study, leading to specific unit(s) of credit or

qualification.

Curriculum design Refers to the structure or the arrangement of the components or

elements of a curriculum

Characteristics of well-designed curriculum

Holistic and coherent

Inclusive / accessible / student centered

One that fosters a deep approach to learning,

Encouraging independence in learning

Based upon / has links to research / scholarship

Based on feedback, evaluation and review.



TYPES OF CURRICULUM DESIGN

may be broadly categorized into the following major groups:

1. Traditional or subject centered designs

2.

Learner-centered designs

3. Problem-centered or society-centered designs

1-Traditional Designs

Are subject-centered

The emphasis is on making the learners absorb as much knowledge as possible

concerning a particular course or broad field

Are easy to develop and to implement because highly-structured

Criticized because they do not make provisions for the differential needs and

interests of learners

Most popular not only in the Philippines but in most parts of the world

2-Learner-centered Designs

May be based on the anticipated needs and interest of the learners Usually built upon normal activities children engage in (i.e. playing,

storytelling, drawing)

Content is not organized into subjects (Math, Science, etc.) but into course

works (playing, storytelling)

The three R’s are integrated into the course works

Criticized as neglecting the intellectual development of learners

3-Society-Centered Designs

Heavily loaded with societal concerns, problems and issues

May be aimed at making the school, the teachers and the students agents of

social change



Elements of Curriculum Design

1.

Aims and objectives

2. Content and learning experiences

3. Method and organization

4. Evaluation

Elements of urriculum Design



A useful set of principles for curriculum design

1- A philosophy. A curriculum should be founded on a carefully. Thought-out

philosophy of education and should be clearly connected to an institution's mission

statement.2 -Clear purposes and goals. A curricular mission statement and written curricular

goals (intended student development outcomes or intended results) articulate curricular

purpose — what graduates should know and be able to do and those attitudes and values

a faculty believes are appropriate to well-educated men and women. These goals and

their objectives are specified in considerable detail and in behavioral language that will

permit assessment of their degree of achievement (the curriculum's actual outcomes).

3- A theoretically sound process. Student activities are chosen that are capable of

developing the desired outcomes, as indicated by empirical research. Curriculum has its

desired effect primarily through instruction. Therefore, the choice of course experiences

and the specific quality and efficacy of these experiences in producing the stated

intended outcomes for all students is fundamental to the quality of any curriculum.

4-

Rational sequence. Educational activities are carefully ordered in a developmental

sequence to form a coherent curriculum based on the stated intended outcomes of both

the curriculum and its constituent courses.

5- Continuous assessment and improvement of quality. Valid and reliable assessment

is preplanned to monitor on a continuing basis the effectiveness of the curriculum in

fostering student development and also the actual achievement of defined institutional

and curricular outcome goals.

6-

High-quality academic advising. An effective curriculum — one that produces theresults it claims in all of a college's diverse students — depends for its success upon a

high-quality program of academic advising. Modern academic advising is

developmental, starting with each student's values and goals, and helps all students

design curricular and noncircular experiences that can help them achieve their own goals

and the institution's intended learning outcomes.



The urriculum Structure



THE URRI ULUM DESIGN PRO ESS

The steps of the curriculum design process presented here are bawl primarily

upon Tyler's classical design for curriculum development.



Approaches of curriculum design

Subject-Centered Curriculum

This model focuses on the content of the curriculum. The subject centered design

corresponds mostly to the textbook written for the specific subject.Can also be organized around a subject center by focusing on certain processes,

strategies, or life-skills, such as problem solving, decision making, or teamwork.

Examples of Subject-centered curriculum:

1. Subject Design

It stresses so much the content that it forgets about students' natural tendencies, interest

and experiences.

2. Discipline Design

Discipline refers to specific knowledge and through a method which the scholars use to

study a specific content of their fields. The discipline design model of curriculum is

often used in college

3. Correlation Design

This comes from a core, correlated curriculum design that links separate subject designs

in order to reduce fragmentation. Subjects are related to one another but each subject

maintains its identity

4. Broad field design

This design was made to prevent the Fragmentation of subjects and integrate the

contents that are related to each other.

Advantages of Subject-centered curriculum:

1.

Students like it: they're used to it and it fits their idea of what school should be.

2. Test scores can be easily quantified and explained to funders as program outputs.

3. Program administrators can use the results of traditional tests to justify their

programs' achievements.



4. Students, tutors and teachers can point to quantifiable progress, and that is

certainly motivating.

5. It is also accessible.

6. Teachers can create their own materials using a traditionalist approach

Disadvantages of Subject-centered curriculum:

a) Subject-centered curriculum doesn't take into account student experiences.

b) Disempowers students

c) Fails to foster social, psychological, and physical development

d) Fosters passivity

Learner-Centered Curriculum

Centered on certain aspects of the learners themselves. May explore the learner's own

life or family history or local environment.

1. Student -centered design: It based on the needs and interests of the child. The

learner is not considered as a passive individual but as one who engages with

his/her environment. One learns by doing. Learners interact with the teachers and

the environment.

2.

Experience-Centered design: Experiences of the learners become the starting point of the curriculum. Thus the school environment is left open and free.

Learners are made to choose from various activities that the teacher provides.

3. Learner-Centered Curriculum Humanistic design — ( Abraham Maslow)

It stresses the whole person and the integration of thinking, feeling and doing. It

considers the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains to be interconnected

and must be addressed in the curriculum. It stresses the development of positive

self-concept and interpersonal skills.



Advantages of Learner-Centered Curriculum

1. A stronger bond between teaching and the curriculum;

2. Greater emphasis on the students' needs,

3.

as part of "higher education teaching" (i.e. teaching at university level)

Disadvantages of Learner-Centered Curriculum

1. Students find it difficult to work in teams because they have not been taught team

skills.

2. Students who do not relate well to student-centered learning in spite of a teacher's best

efforts.3. There are many different teaching styles encountered at a university.

4. It's pretty hard to meet all the students needs in one curriculum considering all details

> Problem-Centered Curriculum

Problem based learning, organizes subject matter around a problem, real or hypothetical,

that needs to be solved.

1. Life-situations design: involving real problems of practice Problems that revolve

around life at a given school as a means to analyze the basic areas of living. As a starting

point, the pressing immediate problems of the society and the student's existing concerns

are utilized.

2. Core design: It centers on general education and the problems are based on common

human activities. The central focus of the core design includes common needs,

problems, and concerns, of the learners



Advantages of Problem-Centered Curriculum

a) Increased Self Direction As students pursue solutions to their classroom problem,

b) Promotes student interaction and teamwork

c)

Self-Motivated Attituded) Enhance Facilitator-Student Relationship

e) They tend to assume increased responsibility for their learning.

f) Higher Comprehension and Better Skill Development

g) Improving managerial skills and leadership ability.

Disadvantages of Problem-Centered Curriculum

a) Ignores the fundamentals

b) Materials are hard to find

c) Requires an exceptional teacher

ummary

Curriculum provides an important and valued leadership opportunity and service. We

look to knowledgeable and skilled faculty to design curriculum that provides high

quality learning experiences for students and supports our collective goals and

aspirations for student requirements, whether professional or government driven,

creating and maintaining a 'market', delivering content and developing learners

achievements.



References

1-Harrison, J. M., Blakemore, C. L., & Buck, M. M. (2001). Basic principles of curriculum

design. In Harrison et al., Instructional strategies for secondary school physical education

(5th Ed.) (pp. 131-148). Boston: McGraw-Hill.

2-Lea, S.J., Stephenson, D., and Troy, J. (2003) Higher Education Students' Attitudes to

Student Centered Learning: Beyond 'educational bulimia'. Studies in Higher Education,

28 (3): 321-34.

3-Curriculum Development: The Philippine Experience.

4-Garcia, Dolores (2007). Designing Curriculum. Rex Book Store.

5-Reyes, Flordeliza C. (2000). Engineering the Curriculum. De La Salle University Press.

Curriculum Design

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