Current Treatment of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

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Current Treatment Of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Achmad Mulawarman Jayusman Tim Kerja Kanker Paru & Mediastinum RS. Kanker “Dharmais”

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Current Treatment of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer - Achmad Mulawarman Jayusman - Tim Kerja Kanker Paru & Mediastinum RS. Kanker “Dharmais”

Transcript of Current Treatment of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

Page 1: Current Treatment of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

Current Treatment Of

Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

Achmad Mulawarman Jayusman

Tim Kerja Kanker Paru & Mediastinum

RS. Kanker “Dharmais”

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Kanker Paru

Penyebab 1/3 kematian : kanker

Kematian semua kasus kanker paru : gabungan kanker paru, metastasis kanker payudara, prostat dan kolorektal

Kesempatan hidup 5 tahun, hanya 15%(kebanyakan stadium III dan IV)

Jenis yang paling banyak Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. Data WHO 80-85%

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EPIDEMIOLOGI KANKER PARU

STADIUM KANKER PARU

Stadium 1 5 %

Stadium 2 10%

Stadium 3 30 – 40 %

Stadium 4 35 – 45 %

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Stadium Kanker Paru

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EPIDEMIOLOGI KANKER PARU

JENIS KANKER PARU

Kanker Paru Bukan Sel Kecil

- Adenokarsinoma 50 %

- Skuamous karsinoma 40 %

- Large sel karsinoma 5 %

Kanker Paru Sel Kecil 5 %

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Data Pasien Kanker Paru di RSKD dari TAHUN 2002-2007

Age (years old) Male Female

<20 0 0

20-40 5 2

40-60 29 10

>60 27 12

61 (71%) 24 (29%)

Age (years old) Male Female

< 20 0 0

20-40 9 6

40-60 73 21

> 60 86 12

Unknown 2 0

170 (81%) 39 (19%)

2007, N=85 2002-2006, N= 209

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Klasifikasi Patologi Kanker Paru di RSKD Tahun 2007 (N=85)

Type of Pathology Sum (Frequency)

SCLC 3 (4%)

NSCLC 56 (65%)

Adenocarcinoma 31

Squamous Cell Carcinoma 12

Large Cell Carcinoma 2

Bronchoalveolar 1

Others 10

Unknown 26 (31%)

85 (100%)

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Stadium Kanker Paru di RSKD Tahun 2007 (N=85)

Stadium Sum (Frequency)

IIB 2 (2%)

IIIA 2(2%)

IIIB 9 (11%)

IV 54 (64%)

Unknown 18 (21%)

85 (100%)

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Data Metastasis Kanker Parudi RSKD Tahun 2007

Metastasis Sum

Bone 23

Brain 17

Liver 9

Lung 10

Spleen 1

Pleura 1

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Modalitas Terapi Kanker Paru

Bedah

Radioterapi

Kemoterapi

Terapi Biologi

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Jenis Terapi Kanker Paru di RSKD Tahun 2007

Type of Therapy Sum

Surgery 3

Radiotherapy 40

Chemotherapy 34

Targeted Therapy 5

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Pendekatan Terapi Kanker Paru

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Manajemen Kanker Paru

Membutuhkan informasi:

Diagnosis Histopatologi

Stadium Klinis

Penilaian kondisi umum (Status performans, komorbid, dan penurunan BB)

Fungsi kardiopulmonarterutama jika mendapat terapi bedah, kemoterapi atau radioterapi

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Modalitas Bedah

Indikasi :

– Stadium I dan II tanpa keterlibatan nodus ekstrapulomonar (N2/N3)

– Stadium IIIA

– Pasien dengan tumor di sulkus superior namun tidak melibatkan pleksus brakialis

– Diseksi KGB terapeutik/profilatik

– Metastasis otak, adrenal

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Jenis prosedur:– pneumonektomi, lobektomi, dan segmental

wedge/sleeve resection

Indikasi bedah:– Reservasi paru baikestimasi FEV1 > 1.2 L,

konsumsi O2 > 15-20 cc/Kg/menit

– Tidak ada hiperkarbia

– Tidak ada kor pulmonale

– Status performans baik

Modalitas Bedah

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Bedah untuk stadium I dan II

Kesempatan sembuh lebih besar

Kesempatan hidup 5 tahun

– 54-80% (IA)

– 38-65% (IB)

Jenis prosedur tergantung: luasnya penyakit dan fungsi kardiopulmonar

Modalitas Bedah

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Bedah untuk stadium IIIA

T3N1dapat dioperasi– Kesempatan hidup 5 tahun, 26%

T1-3N2 (bulky N2)Peran operasi masih kontroversial– Multimodalitas terapi

– Kemoradiasi

Melibatkan dinding dada (T3)– Dapat direseksi, tapi survival tergantung pada

keterlibatan KGB mediastinal

Modalitas Bedah

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Modalitas Radioterapi

Indikasi:

– Pasien stadium I dan II yang inoperabel

– Radioterapi radikal pada stadium III, jika: status performans 0-1 dan penurunan BB < 10%

– paliatif

Survival tergantung pada:

– Status performans (1/2)

– Dosis radiasi (>60 Gy)

– Respon komplit dalam 6 bulan setelah radioterapi

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Prinsip dan Dosis Radioterapi

NCCN 2009

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Radioterapi Paliatif

– 10 Gy metastasis lokal

– 8 Gy metastasis ke tulang, kulit

– 20 Gy metastasis otak multipel

Modalitas Radioterapi

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Modalitas Kemoterapi

Indikasi:– Kemoterapi adjuvan pada stadium I dan II

– Terapi utama stadium IIIB tanpa efusi pleura dan stadium IV

Kemoterapi adjuvan pada stadium I dan II– Stadium II: margin +, iradiasi mediastinal

– Ukuran tumor lebih >5 cm

– N1 multipel

– Adenokarsinoma

– diferensiasi sel buruk

– Status performans buruk, penurunan BB

– invasi ke pembuluh darah atau KGB

– Marker +: k-ras, HER-1, p53, protein rb, bcl-2

– wedge resection

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Jenis Kemoterapi Baru

Paclitaxel, vinorelbine, docetaxel

Gemcitabine, topotecan, irinotecan

Single-agent response rates better than cisplatin

Combination studies ongoing

Jassem 1999

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Kemoradiasi

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Modalitas Terapi Target

Patogenesis kanker parumelibatkan

jaras transduksi sinyal yang berhubungan dengan onkogen dan gen supresor tumor

Reseptor tirosin kinase seperti keluarga HERerbB1 dan EGFRmerupakan target untuk tujuan terapeutikterapi target

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TERAPI TARGET

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Antiangiogenesis

VEGFRs berperan

dalam proliferasi,

migrasi dan survival

sel endotelial

Blokade VEGFR

intraselularcara

efektif untuk

mencegah

angiogenesis

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PALIATIF TERAPI

Brachytherapy

LASER

Pemasangan stent

Cryo

Photodynamic therapy

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KELEBIHAN & KEKURANGAN PALIATIF TERAPI

Brachytherapy : - mudah dilakukan

- perawatan lama

- efek samping besar

LASER : - mudah dilakukan- perawatan sebentar- efek samping minimal- biaya lebih murah- langsung dipasang

stent

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Subglottic papillomatosis

CO2 laser

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KELEBIHAN & KEKURANGAN PALIATIF TERAPI

Pemasangan stent :

- mudah dilakukan

- perawatan sebentar

- efek samping minimal

- kemungkinan migrasi & stenosis lagi

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Dumon stent

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Laryngeal papilloma

CO2 laser

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Montgomery silicone T tube

Gianturco Z stent

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Stricture of upper trachea

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Gianturco Z stent

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Kesimpulan

Masih banyak kasus NSCLC yang datang ke RS dalam stadium lanjut

Pengobatan NSCLC berkaitan dengan multidisiplin ilmu

Terapi masih memerlukan institusi yang mempunyai fasilitas dan keahlian yang khusus

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