Current status and issuesof CCS development in Japan

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Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth（RITE）

Director, RITE Hideaki Tsuzuku

Sept. 2015

Contents

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１．The policy of CCS development in Japan

２．The current status of CCS development in Japan R&D of CO2 separation and capture R&D of CO2 storage Demonstration, Assessment of storage potentials

３．Issues and measures in future

Contents

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１．The policy of CCS development in Japan

” The technical road map for next-generation thermal power interim report “（extract, provisional translation）

After putting basic technology to practical use in about 2020, taking into account that CCUS is regarded as a measure that will be implemented after 2030 in energy mix, establish and practicalize economical CCUS technologies which can be deployed broader from the late 2020s through about 2030.

Continue to research and develop plural technologies in parallel in the two fields,① CO2 capture technologies which can be applied to existing pulverized coal thermal power, ② efficient CO2 capture technologies which can be applied mainly to IGCC, aim at establishing economical CO2capture technologies from the late 2020s through about 2030.

The policy of CCS development in Japan（１）

Source：Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)

Establishing economical CCUS technologies after the late 2020s

Establish technologies

CCUS technologies

Develop prominent capture technologies

Develop and establish prominent CCUS technologies

Establish technology

Solid sorbent R&D Solid sorbent Demo.

Oxyfuel R&D

Physical adsorption R&D Establish technologyPhysical adsorption Demo.

Closed IGCC R&D Closed IGCC Demo.

Membrane separation R&D Membrane separation Demo.

CO2 utilization R&D, Demo.(algae, artificial photosynthesis, chemical use etc.)

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○" New Low Carbon Technology Plan " （extract）

For the CCS technology that is anticipated to be put into practical use around 2020,research and development, demonstration as well as social implementation measures will be promoted.

Improvement of safety of storing CO2: Securing of reliability and social acceptance (including environmental impact assessment and monitoring after storing CO2)

Large scale demonstration

Assessment of storage potentials

The policy of CCS development in Japan（2）

Source：Council for Science, Technology and Innovation, Cabinet Office 5

Contents

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２．The current status of CCS development in Japan

R&D of CO2 separation and capture

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CO2 Separation and Capture Technology

CO2 Source

30-50%

Chemical Plant

CO2 Conc.

Separation& Capture

Separation& Capture

SO2 Conc.25%

Steel Works

7%-14%

Power Station

20%

Cement Plant

0-10ppm 3ppm 50ppm 0ppm

370mil.t-CO2 40mil.t-CO230mil.t-CO2 10mil.t-CO2Annual Emission

Membrane SeparationAdsorptionAbsorption

・Absorbent・Absorption & Desorption

Process・Waste heat utilization

・Zeolite・Sorbent and Separation

Process

・Polymer・Zeolite

・Membrane SeparationProcess

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The status of Chemical absorption technologies in Japan

Chemical absorption technologies in Japan have being tested in bench or pilot scale and deployed in several sites.

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) with Southern Company• KS-1 (Amine)• 500 t/day• Plant Barry, USA• Operational since 2012

MHPS with SaskPower• H3-1 (Amine) and others• 120 t/day• Shand Power Station, Canada• Operational since 2015

NIPPON STEEL & SUMIKIN ENGINEERING CO., LTD• RN solvent• 120 t/day• Muroran Works, Japan• Operational since 2015

○Example of deployment of Japan’s technology

(1)Chemical absorbents

Steel plant

2. Waste heat1. New Absorbent

DischargeGas

CO2 conc.20％

CO2 conc.99％

CO2 conc.2％

Chemical absorption

（Absorption） （Regeneration）

（Reboiler）

Low-cost CO2 capture from blast furnace gas (BFG) stream1. Development of new absorbents for low-energy regeneration

2. Utilization of waste heat in steelworks

Reduce CO2 capture cost by half Regeneration energy: 2.5 GJ/t-CO2

(Storage)

Low-cost CO2 capture system from blast furnace gas (BFG)

2.0 GJ/t-CO2

COCS (2004～2008) and COURSE50 (2008～) Projects

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RITE-5C (Development of absorbents)

CAT1(Bench plant test)

“COURSE50 project”

CAT30(Pilot plant test)

“COCS project”

New absorbents: RN-series

Facilities in RITE

- RITE -Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal

- The University of Tokyo

Nippon Steel & Sumikin

Engineering Co., LTD.

(NSENGI)

CAT-LAB

CO2 solubility

(Evaluation for practical use)

From laboratory to practical application

practical application10

Performance of new absorbents

Prachi Singh, et. al., GHGT11(2012)

COURSE50(VLE model)

New RN-solvents have been employed in the commercial production for industrial CO2 .

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・ Innovative Solid Sorbent

Porous SupportAmine Compounds

R&D Objective Low-energy CO2 capture system:

< 1.5 GJ/t-CO2 forPost-combustion capture

RITE Solvent Solid Sorbent(Target)

1.5 GJ/t-CO2

CO2 Capture Energy

Vaporization Heat: Sensible Heat:

Reaction Heat:

Target

(2) Solid sorbents

- Low heat capacity- Less stripping steam 12

Conceptual image of solid sorbent

Support（Porous material）

Amines

＋

Porous support（Inorganic material）Low heat capacity

Less stripping steam

Solid sorbentAbsorbent (solvent)

Amine compounds(30-40%)

＋

Solvent（water）

Solvent（Water）

Amines

（ex. Monoethanolamine）

Amino group

Hydroxyl

Large heat capacityVaporization heat

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CO2 (ad)sorption capacity of various materials*

RITE sorbent： one of the most efficient solid sorbent・ Novel CO2 solid sorbent (under consideration by companies)

・ CO2 solid sorbent for enclosed space （under testing）Application

RITE sorbent

※ Various Temp.

CO2 absolute pressure [kPa]

CO

2ad

sorp

tion

capa

city

[mol

/kg]

*C.H. Yu et al., Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 12 (2012) 745. S. Choi et al., ChemSusChem 2 (2009) 796. A. Samanta et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51 (2012) 1438.

High performance of solid sorbents

CO

2ad

sorp

tion

quan

tity

conventional aminconventional amin new amin synthesized by RITE

new amin synthesized by RITE

after regenerationafter regeneration after regenerationafter regeneration

PSAcapacity

PSAcapacity

PSAcapacity

PSAcapacity

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IGCC：Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle

WGS gasCO2 ca. 40 vol%/ H2 / Impurity

Temperature: 50 ~ 150 CPressure: 2 ~ 4 MPa

Coal

O2

Steam

2~4 MPa200 ~ 400 CCO + H2O ⇔ H2 + CO2

Heat exchanger H2

CO2

Gasifier WGS reactor CO2-selectivemembrane

module

CCS

Power generation

(3) Membranes CO2 separation for IGCC

Target Cost of capture: 1,500 yen／t-CO2

HCO3

CO2 H2

CO2

R N CO

O N RH

HH

H

R N CO

O N RH

HH

H

R N CO

O N RH

HH

H

R NH2 H2N R

HCO3

HCO3

HCO3

HCO3

Feed side

Permeate side

Pressure

High

Low

< CO2 molecular gate membrane >

CO2 selectivity over H2 (αCO2/H2)αCO2/H2 < 1 （Molecular sieve type membrane）

～10 （Solution-diffusion-type membrane）

CO2 H2

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CO2H2

Membrane cross-section

Molecular size(nm)H2 ＜ CO2 ＜ N2 ＜ CH40.29 0.33 0.36 0.38

CO2 Separation Membrane< Conventional CO2

separation membrane >

Innovative CO2 separation membrane having a gate function to penetrate

CO2 molecules selectively.

dendrimerN N

NH

NH

NH

HN

O O

OO

NH2

NH2

H2N

H2N Example for dendrimer

CO2/H2 separation performance

目標値QCO₂>3.0×10-10

[m3(STP)m-2s-1Pa-1] CO₂/He > 125

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1.0E-12 1.0E-11 1.0E-10 1.0E-09

(C

O2/H

e)[-

]

QCO₂[m3(STP)m-2s-1Pa-1]

■ 平成25年度

○ 平成24年度

(1)

FY2013

FY2012

(1) H. Lin, B. Freeman et al., Science, 311, 639-642 (2006)

Target performance was achieved using lab-scale membranes.World highest level performance has been updated.

Target area

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２．The current status of CCS development in Japan

R&D of CO2 storage

Contents

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Technical challenges correlation diagramIn Research on CCS Safety Assessment

CO2 geological storage experiment

Storage tank

Vaporization unit(heater)

Injection well

Location : Nagaoka, Niigata pref.

Amount of injected CO2 : 10,000 tons

Period : July 2003 －

January 2005

TokyoRITE

Nagaoka

Cap rock(140m)

Saline aquifer（60m)

Injectionwell

Observationwell

1,100m

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Analysis of CO2 behavior in Nagaoka Test Site

It was confirmed that CO2 is safely stored from the results of cross-hole (between OB-2 and OB-3)

seismic tomography measurements conducted 5 years and 9 months post-injection.

* The stored CO2 was not affected by the Chuetsu Earthquake (2004) and the Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake

(2007).21

Development of analysis methodsfor CO2 migration from a reservoir

• Development of impact assessment method for potential CO2leakage to marine environment– Biological / Ecological impacts

• Database assemblage• Collaboration with QICS project

– Leakage detection• Acoustic sensing• Baseline field survey

– CO2 dispersion• Simulation model

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Leakage detection

Biological impact

CO2 dispersion

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２．The current status of CCS development in Japan

Demonstration, Assessment of storage potentials

Contents

Copyright 2015 Japan CCS Co., Ltd.

Flow Scheme of CCS Demonstration Project

Pipeline

Reservoir : Sandstone layers of Moebetsu Fm.1,100~1,200m under the seabed

Reservoir : T1 Member of Takinoue Fm.2,400~3,000m under the seabed

PSA offgas containing CO2

PSA system in hydrogen production unit

Capturing 100,000 t/year or more of CO2

Activated amine process

Compressors

Injection wells

PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption)

Hokkaido Is.

Tomakomai

TOKYO

Source：JCCS 24

Copyright 2015 Japan CCS Co., Ltd.

Positional Relation of Injection & Monitoring Systems

Working area of 3D seismic survey

OBC (Ocean Bottom Cable): used for 2D seismic survey and monitoring of micro‐seismicity and natural earthquakes.

OBS (Ocean Bottom Seismometer): used for monitoring of micro‐seismicity and natural earthquakes.

OBS

OBS

OBS

OBS

Onshore  seismometer

© Google Image © 2013 DigitalGlobe Data SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO Image © 2013 TerraMetrics

Observation well OB‐1 for Takinoue Formation converted from survey well 

(Deviated)

2 Injection wells (Deviated)

Observation well OB‐2 for Moebetsu 

Formation (vertical)Observation well OB‐3 for Takinoue Formation 

(vertical)

Source：JCCS 25

Osaki CoolGen ProjectThe Osaki CoolGen Project is being implemented as an “Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel 

Cell Combined Cycle (IGFC) Demonstration Project” subsidized by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. This project aims to realize innovative low‐carbon coal‐fired thermal power generation that combines IGFC ‒ the last word in high‐efficiency coal‐fired thermal power generation technology ‒ with CO2 separation and capture, thus drastically reducing the CO2 that is emitted from coal‐fired thermal power generation.

Hiroshima

Osaki CG

Tokyo

Source：OSAKI CoolGen Corporation 26

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◆Coal-fired power plant

Potential Storage Sites in Japan● Assessment of storage potentials was carried out by RITE in 2005● Estimated storage capacity in Japan： 5.2 – 146 billion t ● More precise surveys are required for large scale demonstrations.

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３．Issues and measures in future

Contents

Issues of CCS in future

• It is very difficult to deploy CCS under the market mechanism because CCS is a countermeasure only for global warming problem whish is external diseconomy.

• It is necessary to introduce CCS that subsidy systems, tax incentives, regulatory regimes and so on are established.

• Further cost reduction is indispensable for facilitating CCS deployment.

• An enhancement of understanding of public is important.

• Assessment of CO2 storage potentials including site selection and characterization of storage sites implemented by gevernment is necessary.

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Countermeasures which shoud be implemented in future

【Technologies development and demonstrations】・Further enhancement of technologies development for reducing the cost of CO2 separation

and capture technologies (R&D implemented by government is necessary until introduction incentives, regulatory regimes and so on are established.)

・Implementing CO2 storage research for further safty and establishing CCS safety assessment methods

・Accumulation of the knowledge and experience by implementing large scale demonstration whic stores 1million ton-CO2 per year

【Development of Environment】・Assessment of CO2 storage potentials and database compilation of related information

implemented by government ・Optimization of entire CCS system planning ( energy supply at site, selection of more

econmical and efficient system and planning that foresees the future )・Clarification of the route for the CCS practical use and concrete planning of the large-scale

project ( more practical planning for specific emission sources and reservoirs）・Establishing introduction incentive and mechanisms including subsidy systems, tax

incentives, reguratory regimes and so on ( including ensuring national laws and enacting business laws)

・Promoting international standardization of CCS

Research Instituteof

Innovative Technology for the Earth

Thank you for your attention

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