Current Status of Small & Modular Reactor R&D in Republic of … · 2019. 7. 3. · Current Status...
Transcript of Current Status of Small & Modular Reactor R&D in Republic of … · 2019. 7. 3. · Current Status...
Current Status of Small & Modular Reactor R&D
in Republic of Korea
The 17th IAEA INPRO Dialogue Forum on Opportunities and Challenges in Small Modular Reactors
Ulsan, Republic of Korea
July 3, 2019
Ji Hyun Kim, Il Soon Hwang, In Cheol Bang, Jeonghyeon Lee, Taeyong Kim,
Junghwan Lee
Department of Nuclear EngineeringSchool of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
Outlook
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2
3
Introduction
Current status of SMR R&D in ROK
Current status of SMR R&D in UNIST
4 Summary
1. Introduction
4201906-©UNIST-SMANE J. Vujic et al., Energy 45 (2012) 288
Introduction (1/2)
▪ There are increasing interests in small modular reactors (SMRs) and micro modular reactors (MMRs) development and their various applications. MMRs are newer generation reactors designed to generate electric power up to 50-100 MW, whose components and systems can be shop-fabricated and then transported as modules to the sites for installation as demand arises.
▪ The key driving forces of SMRs development are fulfilling the need for flexible power generation for a wider range of users and applications, replacing ageing fossil fired units, enhancing safety performance, and offering better economic affordability.
NuScaleCAREM SMART
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▪ A major aim of the design is to improve the economics through system simplification, component modularization, reduction of construction time and high plant availability brought about by continuous fueling.
Introduction (2/2)
Previous electricity infra application available
Flexible output conversion Seawater desalination
Low cost Dispersed generation Creating employment
SMRs advantages
2. Current status of SMR R&D in ROK
7201906-©UNIST-SMANE K. K. Kim et al., Nuclear Engineering and Design 277 (2014) 138-145
▪ KAERI has been developing the SMART (System-integrated Modular Advanced Reactor) – 365 MW(t) pressurized water reactor with integral steam generators and advanced passive safety features.
▪ SMART basically adopted proven technologies of existing PWR such as 17x17 UO2 fuel technology, large dry containment building, control rod drive mechanism, and reactivity control concept using BP (burnable poison) and soluble boron.
Key data data
Reactor Type Integral PWR
Thermal capacity 365MW(t)
Electrical capacity 110MW(e)
Fuel Type 17*17 Square FA
Active Core Height 2 m
Refueling Cycle 30~36 months
Residual Heat Removal System Passive
Current status of SMR R&D in ROK (1/4)
8“SMART Key Data and Attractions” retrieved from http://www.smart-nuclear.com/tech/key_data.php
▪ KHNP is the largest electric power generation company, producing approximately 31% of the total electric power generated in ROK. KHNP invested a portion of budget for SMART Standard Design Approval Project from 2009 to 2012.
▪ KHNP and KAERI signed an SMART cooperation agreement for joint standard design change approval and technology development in December last year. KHNP are currently discussing with Saudi Arabia’s partner for the commercialization of SMART technology.
Current status of SMR R&D in ROK (2/4)
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▪ Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction supplied 32 reactors and 114 steam generators at home and in foreign countries such as China, the United Sates and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) including main units for Vogtle Nuclear Power Plant in the United States.
▪ US small modular reactor developer NuScale Power has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction (DHIC).
Current status of SMR R&D in ROK (3/4)
“Interview with NuScale” retrieved from https://www.energycentral.com/c/ec/interview-nuscale%E2%80%99s-jose-reyes
10Y.H. Kim et al., Center for Autonomous Small Modular Reactor Research (2018)
▪ R&D in the academic institutes
• Innovative concepts
• in reactor design
✓MSR
✓ VHTR
✓ LFR
• in fuel
✓No refueling
✓Nitride fuel
✓ Liquid fuel
• in power generation system
✓ Integrated or single module
✓ Supercritical carbon dioxide
Current status of SMR R&D in ROK (4/4)
Y.H. Kim et al., 2018
I.S. Hwang et al., 2019
3. Current status of SMR R&D in UNIST
▪ Micro Modular Reactor Development for Marine Application
• Micro Nuclear Energy Research and Verification Arena (MINERVA)
• Consortium of five universities and one industry led by Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
• Awarded with a four year project by the National Research Foundation (NRF) in support of the Ministry of Science and ICT, and Ulsan Metropolitan City.
• Conceptual design of ‘MicroUranus’ power reactor
✓ 40-year fuel life with fast neutron spectrum
✓ Low-enriched uranium oxide or nitride fuel
✓ Lead-bismuth eutectic coolant
✓ Thermal capacity of 60 MWth
✓ Can be inserted into a spent nuclear fuel transport
container and safely transported and installed in
marine systems
✓ Unprecedented safety and security
✓ Application for icebreakers and floating power plants
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Current status of SMR R&D in UNIST
Introduction
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Current status of SMR R&D in UNIST
Introduction
Target MicroURANUS
Cask-shippable Micro Reactor
Warm Re-start &Fast Load-followUniversal
anti-earthquake Rugged
EPZ< compartment
Grace Period = infinite
Passive Safety
Leak-Before-Break
Fuel & SG Leak-tolerant
Accident-forgiving
low enrichment fuel
Hermetic Seal Surveillance
Protection from terrorist
Non-proliferating
40 Year (30 EFPY) Fuel Life
10 yearly PSR
LBE coolant clearance
Un exhausting
20MWe Modules expand Scalable
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Current status of SMR R&D in UNIST
MicroUranus: 6 sigma technology
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
0.1
1
10
100
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
0.1
1
10
100
F/M steels
Austenitic SS
Time to oxide growth before instability
(~44m for FMS, ~25m for ASS) T
ime [
ye
ars
]
Temperature [oC]
2σ range
2σ range
6s range
Alfa K-373
Alfa K-123
ElectromagneticOxygen Pumping
Uranus
Lead-Bismuth cooled Alfa Subs
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Current status of SMR R&D in UNIST
Best Gen-IV SMR: Lead Fast Reactor
Chemically StableAbsorb Radioactivity
Boiling at 1,670 C
Coolant LeakRadiation Leak
HydrogenSteam Explosion
SolidificationSource-term
Risk
Melt-downRecriticalityEmergency Freezing
@Meltdown & Spread
CORE
SGSG
CORE
SGSG
CORE
SGSG
Fusible Valve Melting & Water Inflow Water Cooling Boiling & Air Cooling
Decay heat
removal by SG
and DHX
Decay heat
removal by
containment
Transition to long-term air cooling
De
cay
Po
we
r (M
Wt)
Time
Decay Heat PowerMicroUranus(UNIST-SMANE)
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Current status of SMR R&D in UNIST
Accident Tolerance
Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ)
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Current status of SMR R&D in UNIST
EPZ on board the ship
Reactor SMART RITM-200 NuScale SVBR-100 MicroUranus
Power (MWth/e) 330/100 88/30 160/45 280/106 60/18
Primary Circulation Forced Forced Natural Forced Natural &Pony pump
System P (MPa) 15 15.7 8.7 0.7 0.2
Core Outlet T (oC) 323 313 329 490 350
Capacity Factor(%) 65 75
Fuel Material UO2 UO2 UO2 UO2 UO2 (U-10Zr)
Fuel Enrichment <5.0% 19.9 <5.0% <16.5% 12~14% U
Fuel Cycle Length 3 years 7 years 2 years 8 years 40 years
Safety Systems Act. & Pas. Passive Passive Passive
Core Damage Freq 1E-6/RY 1E-8/RY 1E-8/RY <1E-9/RY Est.
EPZ (km) ~3 Est. ~0.3 (Goal) <~0.1 (Goal)
Est. Grace Period* 1.5/20 days 3/ days 3 days 4/ days
* Under accident/decay heat removal• Table originally from Prof. K. Shirvan (MIT) and added by Prof. I.S. Hwang (UNIST)
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Current status of SMR R&D in UNIST
Analytical & experimental verification▪ The safety of the design in various accident scenarios was verified by a system
analysis code, MARS-LBE, and 3-D seismic isolation was shown to increase the safe shutdown earthquake acceleration drastically.
HELIOS, Loop-type LBE Natural Circulation Test Facility, UNIST
PILLAR, Pool Type LBE Integral Test Facility, SNU
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Current status of SMR R&D in UNIST
Non-refueling Full-life Micro Reactor
Manufacturing
Operation &
Maintenance
(40/10 years)Land Transportation
Land
Transportation
Fuel cycle center
MicroUranus
Startup
Inspection & Test
Cask Loading
Marine Installation
Order
Closure
Fuel Fab
EVEMP, Cooler
& Heater Loading
Test
Cooling &
SolidificationCooling &
LBE drain MicroUranus
Life Cycle
Fuel Loading
Cask
Decommission
Cask Loading
Cask
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Summary
▪ SMR can provide flexible solutions to energy, water & environmental issues.
▪ Current activities of R&D in ROK are actively on-going in research institutes, industries, and academic institutes under the government support.
▪ The conceptual design of LFR-based micro modular reactor with full-life and non-refueling features for marine applications is under development at UNIST.
Thank you !
This work was supported by the National Nuclear R&D program (NRF-2019M2D1A1067204, NRF-2019M2D1A1067205) organized by the National Research Foundation (NRF) in support of the Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea.
Acknowledgement