Current status and future perspectives of sour cherry growing

PhD Zoran Keserović PhD Vladislav Ognjanov PhD Nenad Magazin MSc Marko Dorić

University of Novi Sad, Faculty of agriculture

Department of fruit growing, viticulture, horticulture and landscape architecture

The structure and value of

export of agricultural products (milion USD; Serbia, 2010)

The structure and value of

import of agricultural products (milion USD; Serbia, 2010)

The structure of exports of fresh and processed fruits in Serbia

Processed fruits

Fruit export, Serbia 2006 Fruit kg $

1. Raspberry “Rolend”, cooked or uncooked 24.378.588 48.326.528

2. Raspberry “Rolend”, frozen or cooked 13.664.336 23.175.593

3. Sour cherry w/o stone, “Rolend”, frozen or cooked 15.101.921 17.790.971

4. Apples, fresh, other 35.175.761 11.431.288

5. Raspberry “Griz”, frozen or cooked 7.182.775 10.988.703

6. Raspberry “Bruh”, 3.774.415 9.828.070

7. Other frozen fruits 10.234.652 7.937.890

8. Raspberries, fresh 5.656.170 5.765.679

9. Raspberry “Rolend”, 8.284.212 5.631.127

10. Plum, fersh 16.471.548 4.444.392

11. Blackberry “Blok”, cooked or uncooked 5.481.481 4.081.612

12. Raspberries, Blackberries, Strawberries, other 2.689.502 3.877.193

13. Blackberry “Blok”, 2.769.794 3.151.932

14. Plum, dry 1.388.505 2.963.122

15. Raspberry, frozen 2.084.304 2.786.126

16. Sour cherry 6.248.466 2.286.244

17. Peach, fresh 7.500.106 1.370.449

18. Raspberries w/o sugar, frozen 730.770 1.216.767

19. Blackberry “Konfitura” 345.971 531.099

Vrsta voća kg $

1. Raspberry “Rolend” 26.302.826 95.416.122

2. Apple 107.967.162 46.432.526

3. Raspberry “Griz” 22.648.992 43.565.605

4. Sour cherry “Rolend” 28.555.664 33.537.956

5. Raspberry “Rolend” 18.520.965 16.934.810

6. Other frozen fruits 19.033.210 15.154.430

7. Plum, fresh 22.358.555 14.715.093

8. Raspberry “Bruh”, 3.774.415 9.828.070

9. Plum, dry 4.158.360 8.757.636

10. Raspberry “Blok”, 5.700.502 8.006.490

11. Raspberry 2.498.485 7.365.953

12. Peach 8.284.212 5.631.127

13. Sweet cherry 2.848.289 4.848.218

14. Strawberry, frozen 2.433.368 3.732.767

15. Sour cherry w/o stone, frozen 8.085.223 3.610.178

16. Nectarine 5.272.169 3.470.719

17. Raspberries, fresh 1.864.209 2.866.466

18. Sour cherry, fresh 4.269.978 2.822.252

19. Strawberry, fresh 1.484.851 2.408.346

20. Apricot 3.187.769 1.756.562

Fruit export, Serbia 2010

Exports of leading fruits

Fruit 2012 2013

Value ($) Quantity (kg) Value ($) Quantity (kg)

Fresh fruits 92.799.814 126.560.737 Apple 41.471.775 61.548.061 53.197.874 116.344.685 Pear 2.573.424 3.718.329 5.423.875 7.417.689 Apricot 1.638.643 1.977.022 1.360.888 1.882.970

Sour cherry 6.469.123 5.349.778 10.511.906 14.076.751 Sweet cherry 6.410.108 5.876.105 6.076.282 5.199.043 Nectarina 5.085.107 5.579.567 6.973.241 7.120.383 Peach 5.685.070 6.217.479 8.816.532 9.078.468 Plum 16.984.003 24.090.614 21.041.219 33.304.318 Strawberry 3.607.050 2.296.258 8.889.697 5.262.995 Raspberry 2.875.511 1.678.355 4.269.223 2.967.801 Frozen fruits 254.756.693 314.730.808 Strawberry 2.816.701 999.542 2.952.978 961.588 Raspberry 135.680.368 64.367.731 187.962.194 61.546.569 Blackberry 42.120.632 19.598.099 43.859.476 18.284.354 Blueberry 5.566.689 2.101.323 8.697.036 5.016.485

Sour cherry 47.893.878 23.197.492 49.202.309 29.219.497 Other fruits frozen-mixed

20.678.425 24.251.134 22.056.815 24.194.304

Dried fruits 10.980.313 20.299.941 Plum 6.329.984 3.560.947 15.250.727 7.231.569 Other fruits 4.650.329 235.554 5.049.214 260.150

PRODUCTS EXPORT (milion USD)

CORN 541

SUGAR 164

RASPBERRY “Rolend” 136

SUNFLOWER OIL 96

SOFT DRINKS 64

SOYBEAN OIL 55

MALT BEER 53

WHEAT 51

SOUR CHERRY 48

WHEET FLOUR 45

The exports structure of agricultural products (PKS, 2012)

The advantages of sour cherry production compared to other fruits

• Tolerant to major pests and disease

• Tolerant to late winter and late spring frost

• Very early fruit ripening

• Extensive employment of labor

Total area under sour cherries production, World (FAO, 2012)

Country Area(ha) 1. Russia 35.000 2. Poland 33.731

3. Serbia 33.000 4. Ukraine 20.100 5. Turkey 19.270 6. USA 14.771 7. Hungary 13.253 8. Iran 13.000 9. Belarus 6.503

10. Uzbekistan 3.500 11. Azerbaijan 3.225 12. Albania 3.000 13. Croatia 2.990 14. Moldova 2.950 15. Bulgaria 2.417

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Sour cherry area in Europe (FAO, 2012)

Sour cherry area in Europe (RZS, 2014)

World sour cherry production Country Production (t)

1. Turkey 187.941 2. Russia 183.300 3. Poland 175.391 4. Ukraine 172.800 5. Iran 105.000

6. Serbia 74.656 7. Hungary 53.425 8. USA 38.601 9. Uzbekistan 34.000

10. Azerbaijan 23.085 11. Albania 17.000 12. Germany 12.941 13. Belarus 10.674 14. Macedonia 8.127 15. Moldova 7.996

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1 Rusija 2 Poljska 3 Ukrajina 4 Srbija 5 Mađarska 6 Albanija

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The leading countires in sour cherry production

in the Europe, FAO 2012

The major varietes of sour cherries

and rootstocks in the World

Zemlja VODEĆE SORTE VODEĆE PODLOGE

Russia

Ljubskaja, Vladimirskaja, Osthajmska

Mahaleb and mazard seedlings, vegetative rootstock VP 1

Poland Krupna lotova

Ukraine Ljubskaja, Podbielski, Osthajmska

Mahaleb and mazard seedlings

Hungary Uferhetska grozdasta, Erdska rodna

Mahaleb seedlings

Germany Krupna lepotova

USA Montmorensi Mahaleb and mazard seedlings

Serbia Oblačinska Root suckers, Mahaleb and mazard seedlings

• Grocka 7625 ha

• Valjevo 5656 ha

• Prokuplje 4565 ha

• Smederevo 4412 ha

• Čačak 4168 ha

Total area of sour cherry production in Serbia by municipiallities

Total area under intensive sour cherry orchards

• Grocka 7493 ha

• Smederevo 4234 ha

• Prokuplje 3253 ha

• Topola 3253 ha

• Valjevo 3074 ha

Total area under extensive sour cherry orchadrs

• Valjevo 3074 ha

• Kraljevo 2379 ha

• Užice 2238 ha

• Bajina Bašta 1690 ha

• Kragujevac 1680 ha

• About 67% of fruit plantations in Serbia are stone fruits. Plum production covers 2/3 of stone fruit production.

• Stone fruits are also predominant according to production volume with the share of 57% in the fruit production.

Sour cherry production in Serbia, 2000-2013

•Total area of sour cherry in Serbia is 13.990 ha. Serbia is on 4th place in European sour cherry production

• In Serbia sour cherry is on the 3rd place in total fruit production. In the World production, Serbia participate with 8% of total production

•Average yield is 6t/ha

Sour cherry production in Serbia by municipiallities

• Prokuplje 2085 ha • Merošina 1411 ha • Leskovac 1353 ha • Knjaževac 926 ha • Šabac 588 ha

Intensity of sour cherry production by municipiallities in Serbia

• Bujanovac 3449 (trees/ha) • Lapovo 1767 (trees/ha) • Čoka 1638 (trees/ha) • Doljevac 1403 (trees/ha) • Pančevo 1218 (trees/ha)

Limiting factors on the yield and

quality of sour cherry fruit

•Hail damage •High summer temperatures • Infestation of pest Mediterranean flatheaded rootborer (Capnotis tenebrionis) •Defoliation caused by disease (Cherry Leaf Spot - Blumeriella Jaapii)

The tremendous dammages caused by Capnotis tenebrionis L. Buprestidae and

Perotis lugubris Fam. Buprestidae

Curently used training system for intensive sour cherry growing

• Vase

• Pyramid training system

• Modified pyramid training system

• Narrow pyramid shape

Proposed measures for sour cherry production and investment

• Introducing new varietes and rootstocks

• Improvement of production technology

• Clonal selection of 'Oblačinska' sour cherries

• Grafting on the generative and vegetative rootstocks

• Breeding of new varietes for mechanical harvest

• Introduction of integrated and organic system of production

• Stvaranje proizvoda više finalne obrade

• Standardization of technology for dried sour cherries

• Adjustment of training system for easy harvest

• Product marketing-prerequisite for sale is fruit quality

OС1

OС 2

Total income depends on the yield and price, “Biostar” (13ha)

Year

Yield (t/ha)

Production

(kg)

Price

(€/kg)

TOTAL

INCOME (€)

2012

8,35

108.634

1.05

114.065,70

2013

5,96

77.526

0.57

44.189,82

2014

19,27

250.619

0.37

92.729,03

Thank You for your attention!