Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP’s)

Biotechnology

• using living cells and materials produced by cells to create pharmaceutical, diagnostic, agricultural, environmental, and other products to benefit society.

How Do Biotech Products Differ from Chemical Drugs?

• Produced from living cells

• Large, complex molecules

• Extremely sensitive to their environment– Production– Storage– Manufacturing changes

What Does FDA Do?

• Approve products– Safety – Effectiveness– Risk/Benefit determination

• Monitor drug performance• Monitor investigational studies• Inspect manufacturers• Inform physicians and consumers

Biotechnology Companies make products

CEO – Chief Executive Officer

COO – Chief Operations Officer

CIO – Chief Information Offices

Vice President of Research and Development

Vice President of Medical Affairs

VP Sales and Marketing

Organizational Structure

Operations

Operations responsibilities

This is where cGMP comes into play

So What is cGMPs?

What are cGMP’s Designed To Do?

• Protect consumers from adulterated product

• Protect consumers from products that do not contain what is claimed on the label

• Provide consistent industry-wide requirements

• Ensure quality of product not safety or efficacy of dietary ingredients

Why have cGMP’s?

• Congress saw need by authorizing

• Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act gives authority for cGMP’s

• Product recalls and independent lab testing demonstrate need for cGMP’s

• Industry and consumers support cGMP’s

What caused the need for cGMP’s?

• Product recalls and independent laboratory testing demonstrate need for CGMP’s:

• Poor sanitation--bacterial contamination

• Ingredient often either Superpotent or Subpotent

• Contaminated with prescription drugs

How are cGMPs developed

Considerations and Process:• How products are manufactured (e.g.

tablets, capsules, powders, liquids)• Unique properties of dietary ingredients

and dietary supplements (e.g. vitamins, minerals, botanicals)

• Desire for clear, enforceable regulation• Considered the estimated costs and

benefits

General Provisions

• cGMP should apply to activities associated with– manufacturing– packaging– holding– distributing

• Manufacturer would need to comply with requirements applicable to operations performed

Components of a cGMP

• Personnel– qualified employees– employees must have training and experience

to perform assigned duties– disease control, and hygienic practices – assign qualified supervisors to oversee

implementation of cGMP’s

Components of a cGMP

• Physical plant internal environment– design and construction

• ceilings, floors, and walls that are easily cleaned and maintained

• separate areas or systems for specific operations to avoid mixups

• screening to keep out pests

– maintenance and sanitation– water meets EPA drinking water requirements– plumbing, bathroom, lighting, ventilation, trash

requirements to prevent contamination

Components of a cGMP

• Equipment and utensils

– design or select equipment that will meet pre-established specifications

– maintain, clean, and sanitize

– calibrate, inspect, or check to ensure proper performance

– ensure that equipment functions as intended

Components of a cGMP

• Production and process controls– quality control unit – master manufacturing and batch production

records– specifications for incoming, in-process, and

final product and– testing final product or incoming and in-

process materials

Considerations of a cGMP

• Holding and Distributing– to ensure that identity, purity, quality,

strength, and composition are not adversely affected

• hold and distribute under– appropriate conditions of temperature,

humidity, and light– conditions that do not lead to mixup,

contamination, or deterioration

Components of a cGMP

• Records and Recordkeeping--performance records for – calibration, master manufacturing and

batch production, and consumer complaints

– keep for 3 years beyond date of manufacture of batch and

– FDA access to records when requested

Production and Process Controls

• System of production and process controls• Quality control unit• Manufacturing operations• Holding and distributing • Recordkeeping

Production and Process Controls

• System of production and process controls– specifications – testing– monitoring, material review, disposition

decision– master manufacturing record– batch production record

Production and Process Controls

• Quality control unit: One or more persons to– approve or reject procedures, specifications,

controls, tests, and deviations or modifications– approve or reject materials received and

product manufactured, packaged, and labeled– review and approve master manufacturing and

batch production records

Production and Process Controls

Master manufacturing record (cont.)• Prepare and follow• Include list of components • Specifications where control is necessary to

prevent adulteration• We ight or measure for each component• Instructions for adding, mixing, sampling, testing• Expected yields• Specifications for packaging and label to use• Keep master manufacturing record

Production and Process ControlsBatch production record• Accurately follows master manufacturing record• Includes quality control unit review and approval

of – batch production record– cross reference of receiving and batch

production records– any material review and disposition decision– reprocessing– release for distribution

• Keep for 3 years beyond date of batch production

Batch Records

• FDA Requirement

• cGMP requirement

• QSR requirement

• ISO requirement

• Failing to do so can get you into a heap of trouble!

• Used to ensure consistent product

Batch Record: Record Keeping

• What are some record keeping requirements?– Black ink– No white out– Single line, date, initial– No blanks, N/A any lines which do not apply– Legible

Review and Storage of Batch Record

• Mfg sign off on Mfg documents

• QC signs off on QC documents and Mfg documents

• Quality Assurance signs off on the batch record and their signature indicates they have reviewed all documents in the record including Mfg., QC, and any other document

Production and Process Controls

• Manufacturing operations

– design or select to ensure specifications achieved

– conduct in accordance with sanitation principles

– take precautions to prevent contamination

Production and Process Controls

• Precautions would include– protecting against growth of microorganisms and

potential for contamination– washing or cleaning components that contain soil

or other contaminants– preventing the growth of microorganisms and

decomposition– preventing against inclusion of foreign material– identifying all processing lines and major

equipment used during manufacturing to indicate their contents, batch/lot number, and when necessary phase of manufacturing

Laboratory Operations

• Establish and follow laboratory controls

• Use adequate facilities in-house or from outside sources to perform testing and examinations

• Keep laboratory test and examination records